 Hello everyone, I'm Sara Campana from the University of Amsterdam in the Netherlands and I would like to present you our recently published paper on stable bacteria communities of marine sponges. Sponges are the oldest living animals, they are very abundant and occur everywhere from the deep sea to tropical coral reef. They also form symbiotic relationship with complex microbial communities and thanks to the symbiosis they possess diverse metabolism from feeding on the suborganic matter to fixing carbon biophoto synthesis. In coral reef they recycle suborganic matter or DOM produced by algae and corals but we don't know if all of the DOM is a different fuel than coral DOM for sponges for example in sugar and amino acid composition. Because in Caribbean reefs algae are replacing corals we wanted to know if this shift affects also the sponges associated with bacterial communities. Therefore we compare the bacterial communities of four sponge spaces in a coral dominated reef site one and in an algal dominated reef site two. We also transplanted two of these sponge species between the coral and the algal sites to assess if there were changes in the sponges associated with bacterial community composition after three weeks of reallocation. You can see here two plots of the bacterial community composition of the four sponge species and the seawater bacterial planton at the two reef sites. We did not find a clear separation between the sites but there was a strong distinction between the different sponge species and especially between sponges with low abundance of associated microbes versus those with the high abundance of associated microbes. Between the sites we found a change in the relative abundance of only one bacterial phylum in one sponge species and one in the seawater bacterial planton while all the other phyla did not change. After three weeks of reciprocal transplantation the bacterial composition of both sponge species did not show a clear community shift either. We only found a shift in three bacterial phyla in one of the sponge species but the relative abundance was less than one percent. Our results show that the sponge associated bacterial communities were understable between the sites and while we expected to find major shifts sponge associated bacteria instead proved to be stable between the sites and thus may be more resilient than we thought to changes in environmental conditions. Thank you for watching.