 Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss adenyl glands. Mammals have two adenyl glands. These glands are attached to the upper end of each kidney. The adenyl glands are in fact dual glands. Each gland has two glands in each as an outer layer and an inner layer. The outer layer is known as the adenyl cortex whereas the inner central portion is known as adenyl medulla. These two portions of adenyls have different cell types, different functions and different embryonic origins. The cells of adenyl cortex are true endocrine cells. They are derived from non-neural mesodermal tissue. The cells of medulla are derived from epidermal neural tissue during embryonic development. So both tissues are embryologically different. These medullary cells are functionally related to the sympathetic nervous system. Thus, like pituitary gland, each adenyl gland is a fused gland with endocrine and neuroendocrine glands. Dear students, now we shall discuss the hormones of adenyl cortex. Adenyl cortex produces two major classes of steroid hormones. One are called the glucocorticoids and the other are known as mineralocorticoids. Collectively, these two classes are called cortico-steroids. These cortico-steroids are involved in iron and glucose regulation in blood. They are also involved in anti-inflammatory reactions. Dear students, adenyl cortex, in two types of steroid hormones, a third group of steroid hormones are produced, which are steroid sex hormones, androgyns, astrogyns, and progesterone. The main source of these hormones are gonads, but their small amount is produced by adenyl cortex. Their small amount is produced, and sex hormones, which are produced from here, have similar effects like the gonadal hormones. Dear students, now we shall discuss the hormones produced by adenyl medulla. The adenyl medulla synthesizes and secretes catecholamines, that is epinephrine and norepinephrine. These hormones are secreted under nervous control, and they are released through visceral motor stimulation. Dear students, adenyl medulla cells are called chromophine cells, which are produced by catecholamines. These chromophine cells are said to be a dye, which is stained with a dye, which is chromium salt. These cells are actually modified post-ganglionic, sympathetic neurons. Chromophine cells produce norepinephrine and epinephrine. Those cells, which produce norepinephrine, have dark staining irregular granules. And those chromophine cells, which produce epinephrine, have light staining spherical granules.