 A very good evening aspirants. A warm welcome to the Hindu newspaper analysis brought to you by Shankarae's Academy. Today I am going to discuss 7 different topics from the Hindu newspaper dated 7th December 2022 and displayed here are the list of news articles that we are going to discuss today. You can go through it. Now without much delay let's get into the article discussion. Take a look at this news article. See the winter session of the parliament is going to start from today. 25 bills are listed for the 17 day winter session of parliament and this includes two financial bills. But the opposition parties have expressed their concern about the limited time available for any meaningful debate on the bills. And yesterday there was an all-party meeting in which the opposition party said there would be even less time available to raise other relevant issues. And this is the crux of the news article given here in this backdrop. Let us learn about the sessions of the parliament and some terms related to sessions of the parliament. Now first let's start with sessions. See it is the president who summons each house of parliament to meet from time to time. See parliament meet at least twice a year because the maximum gap between two sessions cannot be more than six months. And this is as per the article 85 of the Indian constitution. See there are usually three sessions of parliament in a year. One is budget session which is held in the period from February to May. Then there is monsoon session which is usually held in the period from July to September. See this year this monsoon session delayed because of the pandemic. And finally there is winter session which is held in the months of November and December. So when we say a session of parliament it refers to the period spanning between the first sitting of the house in a session and its prorogation. And when we say recess it refers to the period spanning between the prorogation of the house and its reassembly in a new session. This is all about session. Now let's see some terms that are associated with session of parliament. These are adjournment, adjournment sine day, prorogation, dissolution and quorum. Now firstly let's take adjournment. See a session of parliament has many meetings and each meeting in a day consists of two sittings. Know that a sitting of a parliament can be terminated by adjournment. Here the term adjournment is defined as termination of the sitting of the house. After the termination of the sitting the house meets again at the time appointed for the next sitting. And this is about adjournment. Now let's see about adjournment sine day. See it refers to termination of the sitting of the house without any definite date being fixed for the next sitting. Know that the power of both adjournment and adjournment sine day lies with the preceding officer of the house. And this is about adjournment sine day. Now coming to prorogation. See prorogation refers to termination of the session of the house by an order made by the president. Know that prorogation is not done by the preceding officer but by the president of India. This is about prorogation. Now let's see about dissolution. As we all know only Lokshaba is subjected to dissolution. Since Rajshaba is a parliament house it is not subjected to dissolution. While the prorogation terminates the session of Lokshaba dissolution terminates the life of the existing Lokshaba. So what happens after the dissolution? See after dissolution general elections are held and new Lokshaba is constituted and this is about dissolution. Now finally let's see about quorum. See quorum refers to the minimum number of members required to be present in the house so that the house can transact any business. And know that article 100 deals with the quorum of the house. And as per article 100 the quorum to constitute a meeting of either house of parliament shall be one tenth of the total member of the house. If there is no quorum at any time during a meeting it shall be the duty of the chairman or speaker either to adjourn the house or to suspend the meeting until there is a quorum. And this is about quorum. See these are all some of the information and terms pertaining to the session of parliament. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw about three sessions of a parliament then some terms associated with sessions of a parliament. See this topic is very important for your prelims exam. Kindly make note of it. With these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now let's take up this text and context article for our next discussion. It says that the telecom regulatory authority of India that is the Troy is seeking comments about the introduction of a calling name presentation feature. See the comments are sought by floating a consultation paper. And the time given for giving comments is until December 27, 2022. This is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us understand about the points mentioned in the article. And we will also see about the calling name presentation feature. Now before getting into discussion the syllabus relevant to this topic is highlighted here for your reference. Kindly go through it. First of all let us know about the calling name presentation feature. See the calling name presentation which is shortly known as CNAP is a supplementary service which enables the called party to receive the calling name information of the calling party. It may sound a little confusing I will explain it with an example. Say there are two persons named A and B and A is calling B for some reason. As you already saw CNAP enables the called party to receive the name of calling party. Here A is the calling party and B is the called party. So B will receive the name of A in his mobile phone. Here you may get a doubt like we are already receiving the name of calling party on our mobile's right. So what is the necessity of this feature? Here you have to understand one thing. See the names that are appearing in our mobile phones are the numbers that are saved in our contact list. If a particular number is not stored in your contact list then we won't get the name right. See the calling name representation feature is similar to true color and Bharat color ID. That is we will get to know the name of calling party. And this is about the calling name presentation feature. See the basic idea behind CNAP is to ensure that telephone subscribers are able to make an informed choice about incoming calls. This feature can also curb the harassment by unknown or spam callers. Now all of sudden why this feature is introduced by Troy? There are two reasons for that we will see them one by one. First of all we all know there have been rising concerns about robocalls. Here robocalls are made automatically using IT enabled systems with a pre-recorded voice. And we also receive spam calls and fraudulent calls. See according to true callers 2021 global spam and scam report the average number of spam calls per user each month in India stood at 16.8. And the report also said that the total spam volumes received by its users is more than 3.8 billion calls in the month of October alone. See at present smartphone users are relying on inbuilt features or third party apps like true color to mark and tackle spam calls. This we already saw right however as per Troy the users reliance on crowdsourced data is not be reliable. So this is the first reason why Troy decided to introduce calling name presentation feature. Now coming to the second reason see existing technologies present the number of the calling entity on the receiver's handset. See this is also a supplementary service and it is called as calling line identification presentation. When a telephone customer receives an incoming call the telephone number of the calling party is displayed on the called party's telephone. And this is done through calling line identification presentation feature. Here the problem is that the receiving party is not given the name and identity of the caller. So they sometimes choose not to answer the calls believing that it could be unsolicited commercial communication from under registered telemarketers. And this could lead to even genuine calls being unanswered. And this is the second reason for the introduction of calling name presentation feature. Now coming to the text and context article as per the article CNAP mechanism may violate the caller's right to remain anonymous. It is an essential component of right to privacy. Here you may think why should someone remain anonymous and call a person. See an individual may choose to remain anonymous for multiple reasons. For example whistleblowers or employees who are being harassed etc. So a framework for the feature should be developed which is in parallel with the digital personal data production bill 2022. And finally is this CNAP feature enough to address all the problems. No see most of the unwanted calls are from telemarketers. They make calls for commercial purposes. Know that previously telemarketers were registered as promotional numbers. So this made it easier to identify and block them. But now the marketers have started deploying people who are not a part of the entity's setup. They are at home workers and the work is being outsourced to them. Here the problem is that these workers are given SIM cards which are not registered to a particular company. And it will be registered to the individual themselves. So here the constraint is identifying all of them and blocking them. We all know that this is a difficult task. And these are the two concerns that are mentioned in the news article. The first one is privacy problem. And the second one is difficulty in identifying all of the spam callers. Now what can be done? See the government must invest in digital literacy. The government should also invest in skilling citizens to navigate and use the technology better. And it should be ensured that the users do not share their data indiscriminately. And finally the users should be informed about dangers such as financial frauds and spoofing. And that's all regarding this discussion. This discussion we saw about a new telecom feature that is the calling name presentation feature. And we saw the reasons why such feature is introduced. And we also saw about the problems associated with the feature. And finally about some possible solutions. See this topic is very important for your mains exam. Kindly make note of each and every points. With these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article. This news article says that the northeast monsoons first probable cyclonic storm is likely to trigger heavy rain. Here the meteorological center have warned heavy rain particularly over northern Tamil Nadu. This is about the crux of the news article. So in this backdrop let us understand about northeast monsoon and the factors responsible for northeast monsoon. Now before getting into discussion let's have this basic understanding. See the term monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word mausine meaning season. The monsoons are nothing but the seasonal winds which reverse their direction with the change of season. To be very specific it is a double system of seasonal winds. That is they flow from sea to land during the summer. Which is called as southwest monsoon winds. And they also flow from land to sea during winter. Which is called as northeast monsoon. So this is a brief about monsoon. So what are all the factors responsible for northeast monsoon formation? The first factor is the migration of intertropical convergence zone to the south of India. Then the second factor is change in wind pattern. See during mid-october the southeast monsoon withdraws completely. And that is when the wind pattern rapidly changes from the southwestern direction to the northeasterly direction. So this is the second factor responsible for northeast monsoon formation. And the third factor is global climate parameters like El Nino, La Nina, Indian Ocean Dipole etc. See they also have an influence over intensity of northeast monsoon. And that's all about factors responsible for northeast monsoon. Now we will see about the mechanism of northeast monsoon. See during October to November with the apparent movement of the sun towards the south the low pressure trough over the northern plains becomes weaker. And this is gradually replaced by a high pressure system. So the southwest monsoon winds become weak and start withdrawing gradually. And by the beginning of October the monsoon withdraws from the northern plains and the low pressure conditions over northwestern India get transferred to the Bay of Bengal by early November. See this shift is associated with the occurrence of cyclonic repressions which originate over the Andaman Sea. And these cyclones generally cross eastern coasts of India cause heavy and widespread rain. So this is how monsoon retreats and gives rainfall to the coast of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and north interior Karnataka. Remember in fact here the bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel coast is derived from repressions and cyclones. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw about what is monsoon, then the factors responsible for northeast monsoon formation and finally about the mechanism of northeast monsoon. Now with these key points in mind let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this editorial article. This article talks about the air pollution in Delhi. See we know that air pollution is not just stopping with causing irritation and ice or burning our throats. It also causes some deadly health problems like stroke, heart diseases, respiratory diseases and cancer. And when we look at the statistics India currently reports 2.5 million air pollution related deaths annually. See this statistics provides the seriousness of air pollution in and around Delhi. That's why a lot of measures are being taken to address the air pollution in Delhi. But still Delhi's air quality has not seen any improvement. Why? This is what the question of the author and he provides the reasons for that. Having seen the essence of the news article now let's discuss the reasons cited by the author for prolonging air pollution in Delhi. Also we will see the measures suggested by the author to address the issues. But before getting into discussion the syllabus relevant to this topic is given here kindly go through it. First of all let's see the reasons for Delhi's air pollution. Firstly as you all know the reason that everyone cites is stubble burning. But in our today's discussion we are going to see reasons other than stubble burning. Because stubble burning is not the only reason for Delhi's air pollution. See if we take the burning of biomass in and around Delhi it would be the same as stubble burning in other states. So here in the article the author does not say the stubble burning is not a problem. But there are other reasons as well. So now let's discuss what are all the other reasons for Delhi's air pollution. Firstly Delhi chokes on its own dust and industrial activities. See the rules relating to handling of construction and demolition waste is not strictly followed. Not only this there are several unauthorized industries who are a large emitter. So the lack of emission control technologies is seen as the major source of pollution that is from the industries. Now look at this graph. This graph pictures the pollution levels in Delhi for the past five years. See it is peaking beyond the ambient air quality standards right. So the problem has to be addressed immediately or else the unauthorized emitters will keep on polluting the air. This is the first reason. Now the second reason is there is less use of public transport. See the less use is due to the lack of lost mail connectivity then the problem of crowding in buses and metros. The other reasons also include the inability of the public transport to reach and navigate through narrow lanes. Not only this the poor maintenance of the public buses could also be the reason. See this discourages the people to use public transport and it encourages to use their own vehicle for commuting. It also constitutes for increased air pollution in Delhi. This is the second reason. Now coming to the third reason it is the inefficiency of commission for air quality management. See the commission for air quality management is a statutory body established by the government of India in 2021. See it is constituted for better coordination, research, identification and resolution of problems related to air quality. But what the commission is doing it is issuing the same orders as issued by the environment ministry and the pollution control board. See this inefficiency also quoted as the major reason because the commission is not providing innovative solutions to curb the pollution in Delhi. This is the third reason. Then the fourth reason is the same things are done year after year to address the air pollution problem. And there is no permanent solution to curb the air pollution in Delhi. For example schools are closed every year then people are advised to stay indoors. Not only this even construction works is also stopped and industries which are emitting more are also asked to shut. Although these measures are taken does it address the pollution issue in long term? No right this kind of stopping people from doing their regular work is not a good governance. So the lack of long term measure to curb the pollution is the fourth reason. Then the fifth reason is flaws in the governance system. See for example a single entity like pollution control board is tasked with the responsibility of air quality management. The board performs tasks like operating of silos to purify the air then issuing orders relating to pollution control and the implementation of orders etc. See putting burden on single entity is not seen as an effective measure to control the pollution. And this accelerates the problem caused by the pollution. This is the fifth reason. And final reason is that the government is taking measures only during Deepavali and when trouble is being burnt. See the poor air quality is a problem on most of the days in Delhi. But there is no permanent measure to maintain good air quality in Delhi. See these are all the major reasons for air pollution in Delhi other than stubble burning. Now with this let's see the impacts created by air pollution in Delhi. Firstly it affects the environment because the air quality is being at a very poor or at a very risky level. This means not only the environment is getting damaged but the species that depend on environment is also affected. Know that not only humans but even animals are also at heavy risk of getting affected with deadly diseases like tumours. For example we can say this particulate matter in the air has been linked to cardiac arrest in dogs. This is the first impact. Then secondly it affects the economy to a large extent. See though the measures like work from home seems fruitful for a temporary period of time they affect economy to a larger extent. And the people's work may not be as efficient as they work from office. Because there may be lack of coordination among the team members. Not only this the marginalised people are greatly affected by the pollution in Delhi. Because they are the one who is living in more congested areas and they are prone to inhaling the polluted air to a greater extent. See the government is doing measures like closing the schools on peak air pollution days. And what is the impact? It affects the education of the children right. So these are all some of the impacts caused by air pollution. So from this what can we understand? Yes the impacts of this air pollution is multi-fold. Thus the author concludes by saying that a more comprehensive and long term measures is required throughout the year. That's all regarding this news article discussion. See this news article we saw about the reasons for air pollution in Delhi other than the stubble burning. And we also saw about the impact of air pollution on environment, economy and the people. And we concluded that the impacts are multi-fold. This topic is coming in news frequently so you may get a main question regarding Delhi's air pollution. Kindly make note of each and every points that we discussed in the article. Now with these key points in mind now let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now take a look at this news article. This news article says that the international labor workers group has criticized the central government's labor policies. See the policies were criticized at the 17th Asia and the Pacific regional meeting of the international labor organization. And according to the article the workers are demanding a new social contract which includes decent jobs for all, then respect of rights for all, then fair wages including minimum wage and the respect for equality. And this is the crux of the news article given here. In this context let us learn about the four new labor codes of India. Before starting our discussion let's briefly see about the term labor code. See the labor code is a codification of labor laws in a legislative form. It is a tripartite mechanism which governs the relationship between employer and the employee while allowing the government to overseas the relationship. This is all about the term labor code. Now coming to the four newly introduced labor codes of India. Now let's first see the reason why the four new labor codes got introduced in India. See many provisions of the previously redundant labor laws trace their origin to the time of British Raj. However with changing times many of them either became ineffective or did not have any contemporary relevance. See these laws rather than protecting the interest of workers some provision acted as hindrance for workers. Therefore the present government has repealed the non-useful labor laws. Now with the introduction of new labor laws 44 central labor laws with over 1200 sections have been assimilated into just four codes and the names of the new four codes are firstly minimum wages code secondly industrial relations code thirdly social security code and finally occupational safety health and working conditions code. This is about the four codes. Now let's see about the four codes briefly. Now first let's start with minimum wages code. See minimum wages code four previous labor laws have been amalgamated into single minimum wages code. According to the government this code will help around 40 crore workers of unorganized sector in the country to get the right of minimum wage. This is about the wages code. Now coming to industrial relations code see the code on industrial relations, governs, working conditions, trade unions, layoffs and dispute resolution. This code all possible steps have been taken for industrial units and workers so that disputes do not arise in the future. Here note that this code has certain provisions which allows the government in public interest to accept any new industrial establishment from the provisions of this code. This is all about industrial relations code. Now moving on to social security code. See to ensure security for all workers the central government has amalgamated nine labor laws into social security code. This code will secure the right of workers for insurance, pension, gratuity, maternity benefit etc. Through this code a comprehensive legal framework for social security has to be created so that the workers can receive social security completely. And this is about the social security code. Now finally occupational safety health and working conditions code. See this code will specify provisions like leave and maximum work hours. It will also look over the health and safety norms including adequate lighting and ventilation and welfare measures for the workers. And this is all about the four newly introduced labor codes. Now let's see about the advantages of the four labor codes. Firstly these codes will help in easing the compliance procedure for both the employers and the employee. Here note that these codes have been based on the principle of single registration, single license, single statement and minimum forms. This is the first advantage. Secondly these codes have been built on inherent flexibility which allows the state governments to modify the codes further as per their unique situation and requirements. And finally the safety and social security concerns of the workers are taken into consideration. And timely disbursement of wages and social security benefits are given importance in these codes. See these are all the advantages of newly introduced codes. See these codes have some disadvantages as well. We will see them one by one. The first disadvantage is the massive power given to the employers to hire and fire the workers. See the code permits companies with up to 300 or less workers to fire their employees without any prior government approval. See this is in contrary with the current criterion of 100 or less workers. See this leads to insecurity about the tenure of workers and putting them in a constant state of fear and dilemma. Furthermore these codes snatch away the right to strike off workers by prohibiting strikes without prior notice. This severely hampers the ability of the workers to carry out spontaneous strikes in response to harsh working conditions and other unjust practices in the company. This is the second disadvantage. Thirdly the occupational safety, health and working conditions code fails to take into consideration any establishments with less than 10 employees. See these are the certain benefits as it incentivizes employers to hire less than 10 workers to avoid complying with any labour code regulations. See these are all some of the disadvantages associated with four labour codes. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw about four new labour codes and the advantages and disadvantages associated with the four codes. Now with these key points in mind let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article. The news is that the World Bank has increased its growth prediction for India's economy this year. See the growth prediction has increased from 6.5% to 6.9% in October. The World Bank has done this because of the India's resilience in economic activity despite deteriorating external environment. So in this news article discussion let us understand why the World Bank thinks that there is resilience in economic activity. Before getting into discussion kindly note that all these findings were stated in the latest India Development Report titled Navigating the Strom. Now let's see the reasons for increased growth prediction. The first reason for such a prediction is that there is a strong up tone of countries GDP in the July to September quarter of 2020 to 2023. Here despite pressure due to inflation and more restrictive lending standards the real GDP grew by 6.3%. And the particular reason for such a growth is strong private consumption and investment. This is the first reason. Then the second reason for increased growth is that there is a raise in domestic demand in the first half of 2022-23. See the rise in domestic demand is due to government's focus on strengthening the capital expenditure. Here capital expenditure is nothing but the money spent to create assets or to reduce liabilities. Here the capital expenditure can be either the long term investments by the government on creating assets like roads and hospitals or the money given by the government in the form of loans to states or repayment of its borrowings. And this is the second reason for increased growth prediction. Then the third reason is Indian economy's capability to remarkably resilient to the deteriorating external environment. Here by the word deteriorating external environment the report is talking about the Russia-Ukraine war. See this war elevated crude oil and other commodity prices and there were persistent global supply disruptions. See this was caused by the global shortage of shipping containers, then supply bottlenecks and tighter financing conditions. Especially with limited forex reserves in India. Even though the shortages created domestic inflationary pressures the real GDP of the country have grown by 6.3% in quarter 2 of financial year 2022-23. And even in such a situation India has strong macroeconomic fundamentals like inflation GDP, national income and unemployment levels. See this have placed India in good state compared to other emerging market economies. In addition to this if you have a doubt whether India is experiencing jobless growth the answer to that is no jobs are actually created in India but they are all in the informal sector. So the problem here is the absence of a policy that makes job creation visible. And that's all regarding this discussion In this discussion we saw about the reasons for the increased growth prediction for India's economy by the World Bank See this topic is very important for your mains exam. You may get a mains question regarding India's economic growth. So you may quote these points in your answer. Now with these key points in mind let's move on to the next news article discussion. Now have a look at this news article This news article talks about a direction given by the Karnataka High Court to the State Information Commission See the High Court asked the State Information Commission to decide whether Bangalore International Airport Limited is a public authority under the Right Information Act 2005 And this is the crux of the news article given here In this context let us learn about State Information Commission in detail. See the State Information Commission is a quasi judicial body Know that it is created under the Right Information Act 2005. See this was constituted in addition to the Central Information Commission. And know that all states have constituted the State Information Commission through official guest notifications. This is a brief about State Information Commission Now let's see about important functions performed by State Information Commission See State Information Commission is a high powered independent body Now the first function is they act as second appellate authority for RTI applications. Note that here the first authority to receive RTI applications is the public offices. Here we may say government offices like collector office, tasselar office etc. So they are first authorities. Now State Information Commission is acting as second appellate authority for RTI applications. This is the first function Secondly they are interested with the power to enquire into complaints made under RTI Act. And thirdly they have the powers of a civil court. Know that no public record can be withheld from it during enquiry of complaints. Fourthly they have to submit annual reports to the state government. And these reports are able to be for the state legislative assembly. These are all the important functions performed by State Information Commission. Now we will see about the composition of the State Information Commission. See the commission consists of State Chief Information Commissioner and not more than 10 State Information Commissioners. Know that they are appointed by the governor on recommendations of a committee. See this committee consists of chief minister as the chairperson then the leader of opposition in the legislative assembly and the state cabinet minister who is nominated by the chief minister. This is about the composition. Now talking about the qualification see the chief information commissioner and information commissioners should be persons of eminence in public life. And they should have wide knowledge and experience in law, science and technology social service, management, journalism, mass media or administration and governance. And there is also one condition that they should not be a member of parliament or member of legislature of any state or union territory. Also they should not hold any other office of profit or they should not be connected with any political party or carrying on any businesses. This is about the qualification. Now what about the term of office of State Information Commissioners. See the whole office till the age of 65 or 5 years whichever comes early. And know that the information commissioner is eligible for the post of state information commissioner. But he can be in office for a maximum of 5 years including his tenure of information commissioner. And this is all about the term of office of state information commissioners. And that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw about state information commission, its functions, then about the composition and finally about the qualifications of state information commissioners. With these key points in mind, now let's move on to the next part of the news article discussion that is to discuss preliminary practice questions. Now look at this first question see this is a previous question which was asked in 2020 UPSC civil services examination problems. Now we will get into the question. Consider the following statements. Let's take up the first statement. The president of India can summon a session of the parliament at such place as he or she thinks fit. See this statement is actually correct. See article 85 clause one of the constitution states that the president shall from time to time summon each house of parliament to meet at such place and time as he thinks fit. So statement one is correct. Now coming to the second statement. The constitution of India provides for three sessions of the parliament in a year but it is not mandatory to conduct all three sessions. See as we discussed the session of Lokshapa is called for at least two years and the constitution does not state that three sessions of the parliament should be called in a year. So statement two is incorrect. Now coming to the third statement. There is no minimum number of days that the parliament is required to meet in a year. See this statement is correct because there is no provision which states the minimum number of days that the parliament is required to meet in a year. So statement three is correct. Now the question is asking for correct statements. So the correct answer for the question is option C one and three only. Moving on let's take up the second question. Consider the following statements related to the distribution of rainfall in India. Now let's take up the first statement. Western side of the western gods and sub Himalayan areas in the northeast on the hills of Meghalaya receive the highest rainfall. See this statement is correct. See the highest rainfall occurs along the west coast on the western gods here which is more than 250 centimeter as well as in the sub Himalayan area in the northeast on the hills of Himalaya. Now that in the hills of Himalaya the rainfall is over 400 centimeter. So statement one is correct. Now coming to the second statement western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat receives rainfall more than 100 centimeter. See this statement is incorrect because the western Rajasthan and adjoining parts of Gujarat receives rainfall less than 60 centimeter and not more than 100 centimeter. So statement two is incorrect. Now the question is asking for correct statement. One is alone correct. So the correct answer for the question is option A one only. Now moving on let's take up the third question. See this is also a previous question. It was asked in 2022 UPSC problems. Now I will read out the question with reference to the expenditure made by an organization or a company which of the following statements is correct. Now let's take up the first statement acquiring new technology is capital expenditure. See this statement is correct. We saw about capital expenditure in our discussion itself right. We saw that capital expenditure is a long term investment by government in creating assets or to reduce liabilities. Here acquiring new technology is considered as capital expenditure as it will generate profit in the future time and helps in creation of new assets. So statement one is correct. Now coming to the second statement debt financing is considered as capital expenditure while equity financing is considered around expenditure. Both the debt financing and equity financing comes under capital expenditure. So statement two is incorrect. Now the question is asking for correct statement. Here statement one is alone correct. So the correct answer for the question is option A one only. And this is the quiz question for you today. I will post this quiz question in a community section. Try to answer it and displayed here are the three main questions for your practice. Go through the questions, write your answers and post it in the comment section. With this end of the video if you liked our analysis please like, comment and share it with your friends. And don't forget to subscribe to Shankar Ayes Academy YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.