 I'm Joe Rickman. I'm the Program Leader for Eirean Eastern Southern Africa. We've been in Eastern Southern Africa now for four years. Many things have happened during that time period. In the last four years we've introduced more than 4,000 varieties to Eastern Southern Africa from Uganda in the north to Mozambique in the south. We've also imported equipment and other technologies that we're trying to get both through the research program and also down to farmer level fairly quickly. This year we've concentrated a lot more on trying to get technologies to farm levels. Some of the reason behind that is quite simple in that the national programs just do not have the capacity to actually take technologies and through there people get it to farmers. So now a lot of our program including the breeding program involves farmer participatory variety selection trials where materials taken out amongst the farmers, planted in farmers fields and they actually involve in the evaluation. We're also doing a lot of on-farm demonstrations where we take agronomic practices and show farmer the differences in things like fertilizer use, time of planting and establishment rates. We're also bringing in mechanization where we combine mechanization and demonstrations with these other two activities and another very important addition to our program has been the use of farmer field schools. In that area we're now using farmer field schools in Burundi and also in Mozambique. So we brought 4,000 breeding land from Iri and from those 4,000 breeding land we select for the first year about 100 breeding lands and for the second year we select about 20 varieties. So from those 20 varieties we contact the previous where we invite farmers to come to select what they think is better for them. And the major criteria for farmers the yield obviously and the green quality short direction. And as I'm saying we are going to release 2 varieties in Burundi, 2 varieties in Mozambique and the 3 in Tanzania. And those varieties which will be released are going to replace IR64 which I've been in Africa for a long time and they have good yield and they are resistant to diseases than IR64. Another important component in the program is capacity building. As I said earlier one of the major restrictions in the program is that we just do not have a large national program to support us. All in all we have less than 60 researchers working in the six countries and less than 60 extension people. So capacity building is very important. The idea is to bring our technology down to the fields and then we have a special group of women and ex combatants they are having they are organized in associations and those groups we go to them and to have Eliha's help to them to have land and we accompany them from land preparation to her vesting. We are doing that on a number of fronts. We're looking at it from the higher level masters and PhD programs right through to technician training and now we're going down to extension training as well. So we're really covering the full gamut of a total program. We're trying to integrate all of the operation so that we are combining plant breeding with agronomy with farm mechanization and with training.