 Good morning everyone. So, we have here left right and center right. So, it is not the your political alignment, but it is because the way you are sitting here. So, I call them left right and center you know. So, this environmental studies course is a very interesting course and when I and professor said to start looking at the slavers which is given on the UGC in the UGC that what is the slavers. We realize that actually whatever is given in the slavers even we do not teach that for our masters. We do not even teach it even for our undergraduate students who have civil land or orientation that is huge that is very vast. So, in fact then comes the question that why this is designed in the way it is designed. Why supreme court has to you know intervene and say that ok we need this kind of slavers. We have to compulsory teach this environmental studies and then what and so on and so forth. And similarly it is also interesting that first of all supreme court has to ask us that we should teach this course and our prime minister has to say start a campaign which is called Swachh Bharata Bihar. So, I ask to my students other day that are we dirty people are we really dirty that our prime minister has to say this clean area what are you doing dirty. So, many of they were yeah I do not take bath on one day and sometime it happens three days four days. Then I ask them the question you know that what your mother tells you every day do not make this dirty do not make that dirty do not make that dirty that is always every one of us tells to our kids and even our parents tells in this age as to us then do not do ok. So, that is for sure that we are not dirty people right are we no. Then the question comes is why our country is not so clean then ok and why its prime minister who has to say it as a prime minister and why the supreme court honorable supreme court has to say it from there ok. So, that is the question that everyone of us should answer and that also answers that why the slavers is kept in a such a wide domain that probably everything related to environment is covered. That means we have to consider the different issues which are under different communities under different places which are related to environment and focus on that. So, basically it is good that any students objective of any student is to pass the course there is no denying in it I cannot deny anyone cannot deny that is fair. But in addition to that this is not only a course which is for understanding thermodynamics mechanics etcetera this is also a course to make sure that our country as a our communities are cleaner and environmentally friendly and they know what are the issues. So, for example, issues in in this part in the northern part or the right part may be different in the southern part. So, I personally think is that it is not a bad idea to tweak your course in the way which is more appropriate for your state for your area etcetera. So, that is why it is kept open ok, but nevertheless we have to always cover the syllabus make sure that it is you are not covering the syllabus because otherwise student will fail that they will forget what the environment first you are failing in the course that is the another thing. So, how we have so I have taught this course now almost for let me see for 5 years now it is a fortunate and unfortunate that when you join a faculty related to courses of environmental engineering in IITs this is the you have to teach it sometime compulsorily sometime likening and likening also ok. So, once I taught this course for 2 years as a complete course of 40 lectures which probably many of you do or in many of others who will come to a center will do, but now I am teaching it as a crisp module which is just 5-6 lectures which we are doing here at IIT Bombay. So, what I realize is that students sometime are very interesting to know something which is which they are not knowing, but at the same time to understand this it is a very interdisciplinary course we cannot make it very technical also ok and at the same time we cannot make it very simple. For example, if I tell to student that you know if you produce more waste then there is a more problems. So, everyone of them knows it right, but then if I just tell them there is a pyrolysis there is a technology to produce energy which is cost this produces x kind of component which probably is creating y kind of problems which is beyond their understanding because ultimately they are not expert becoming expert in ornament study. So, we have to make a kind of balance in weighting. So, that it is not too technical and the same time it is not too simple also you do not want to make your to make it as this kind of course which probably everyone knows ok. So, that kind of balance need to be done. For example, I remember one student I asked him something he said as we are learning this course from the class 5th I was really surprised. So, I asked him you mean to say that what I am teaching you it was told in 5th class yes sir at least not in 5th and 6th standard. So, you cannot make it that simple also that means you know then they lost interest what you are talking about I know it upfront, but at the same time you cannot make very difficult also. So, it is to sensitize the issue to make sure that the people start thinking in terms of environment, but at the same time give them a really good technical know-how or technical thought so that they can implement it or they can think a little bit. For example, I cannot I shouldn't say that if we produce energy from waste the whole world will change. All coal power plants will be gone that is too much, but I should realistically tempt them ok it is a few megawatt we will produce, but that is also useful energy. So, you shouldn't make it you know sometime what we do is as an environmentalist or sometime working on this. So, we make a lot of everything if I do not use this paper the world will change, world will not change in that way, world does not change in that way. So, do not sensitize is to extend that it becomes I know I know every do you telling the same thing, but make them something to understand realist in realistic terms. What if I reduce my waste by 10 percent what is good why it is so good to segregate it everyone knows segregation right for example I am almost of what solid is everyone knows it the why we are not doing it because people do not think beyond what happens after segregation and why this segregation is so important that if I do segregation the whole problem largely is solved because we never told them you know we will tell everyone please segregate your waste put it into dry and wet wind etc ok. So, that they know right I don't think in India with this TVs and all that there shouldn't be any person doesn't know it then why we are not doing it because we don't understand in realistic term that what can happen if I segregate it and what are the virtue of segregating it ok. So, sensitization is one thing take it simple because of it is interdisciplinary they are not becoming expert in that and also tell them something which is technical and realistic also ok. So, this is what I understood in telling in 6 years. So, what I will do is I have I will cover a module which is on solid waste management and I keep on interacting and I will try to do it in the way I do it in the class but because I understand that you are not students. But then I am just trying to tell you that how I deal with this and please feel free to interrupt and tell me that how collectively all you and me can deliver it to a larger community which is more teachers and then probably they can deliver it to the more students. So, we have to decide in totality in I and you that what is the good way of communicating this course or let us say this module to the students and the faculty this is what I am expecting from you guys interrupt anytime say anything you want to say because ultimately it is not that I want to teach you but I am just telling to try to tell you that how I deal with this and if you will find it said so silly sometimes it is not so important but I am doing it this way if you say that this is not the proper way I will change it ok. So, we start. So, I am initially like my office is just at the centre this building just in behind this it is called centre of environment science and engineering professor said he is also there. So, you know there is centre of environment science and engineering ok. So, basically if you find that in other institutions in your institutes probably this environmental engineering is largely with civil engineering and sometimes with the chemical engineering or sometime in biochemical or biotech etcetera. But with with us we have a independent centre on that. So, we are little bit lucky in that sense ok, but by the way in tri-training I am a civil engineer. So, I will talk about solid waste management and as I mentioned the way I teach in the class and my classes sometime are so funny that you know what happened is one time I was teaching this course and I always tell the stories because I know that students are so intelligent they can read it and in the exam also they wrote the stories. So, what is this? Sir you always tell the story. I told you story is the view to make understand it not write story in the final paper ok. So, that is really interesting then I have to tweak and reduce my story things. Now, I am little bit more in teaching than stories. So, what is solid waste and do not expect that I will teach and you will be happily meditating and listening I do not allow my student to sleep I am little bit of cranky teaching that sense. So, what is solid waste then? Should I ask someone from left right centre? Ok the person who is in the maroon shirt. So, I am sorry. So, most of you have taught this solid waste management course already? Yes. Yes. Ok that is why that is fine then there is nothing to teach we just discuss. Yeah. What is solid waste sir? The day to day life we are what we are wasting the municipal waste. Ok very nice. I thought when I say solid waste you say the waste which is solid nature that is what many of my students says. Who do you asking sir this is going to question you yeah. So, it is basically a waste which is solid in nature, but if you see the waste coming from industries etcetera that is also solid ok. Many types of waste we generate either can be solid, liquid and gases, but many of them is solid in nature even from industries. So, in this particular course or you know this ES 200 largely what I teach this is the name of course we teach here. We do not largely talk about the industrial waste because the simple reason is that waste which is generated in industry is little bit far away from municipalities. We largely talk about the waste which is solid in nature and generated in the municipalities. Ok. So, municipalities everyone now probably lives in municipalities there are many less people living in villages nowadays of course in terms of total population thought not that less, but when I say that the waste generated here the solid waste which is generated inside the municipalities and that is why I call it as a or we call it as a municipal solid waste. And then there is agriculture, industrial mining etcetera waste that has some specific characteristic we largely do not talk about that or we especially in my class I have not talked about that. When this solid waste is there you talk about all industrial waste also. What is in the syllabus? Only municipal solid waste, but UGC syllabus says waste solid waste right. Give a classification of waste. We should give a classification of the solid waste ok that is what you do. Basic classification how is industrial solid waste is being disposed after that we will be concentrating purely on municipal solid. That is what you do in the class? Yeah. Ok. So, basically you talk about that in hazardous, industrial and miniscule. Miniscule everything how is basic things. Ok. One lecture we will be completing everything then we will be concentrating entirely on the municipal solid waste. Very nice. How many lecture you take on solid waste? Usually some 10. 10 lectures? Yes. Ok. I just take two. So, yeah that is a little bit too crispy here. So, 10 lectures on solid waste ok. Very. Because in our syllabus actually environmental engineering last module is purely on municipal solid waste. So, ok. But what is your university actually? What is the name of your university? Mahatma Gandhi University. Mahatma. But is it same for everyone by the way? So, it is it is 10 lectures I am I cannot. Ok. So, let me ask someone else how many lectures on solid waste? For three only. Four? Three. Three and how about you do in three lectures? So, in that we will discuss mainly the classification first. Classification means hazardous. Yes. Ok. Best run the sources. Ok. Second one we will discuss about the sources. The sources. Ok. Later on we will discuss what are the effects regarding to the solid waste. Impact. Impact. And lastly we will discuss about the control measures of to manage the solid waste. Ok. So, three lectures. Yes. 10 lectures. Three lectures. Who else here? It is one course on solid waste? One course on solid waste. No, but I am talking about environment studies course then. We have all the students. Environmental studies generally 3 to 4 lectures. 3 to 4 lectures. What is the name of your university? NIT Surat. NIT Surat. Yeah, 3 to 4 lectures. That was we were doing in IIT, Roorkee 3 to 4 lectures. Here little bit is curtailed. 10 lectures, 3 to 4 lectures. What is in other here? We have a course independent course on solid waste management. No, no, but that is different. My question is that under UGC norms. Yes. This is the environmental studies course. Within that we have 4 lectures. 4 lectures. Yes. We have 3 lectures. I am from KITM Kumshetra. And the clearing this environmental study subject is compulsory for all the trades. It is being taught in first year classes. So, I took two lectures for completing this topic. Solid waste. Solid waste management. Sir, you. Thank you. It is a solid waste management. We take a different type of pollution. Okay. There were evasion materials come across over there. So, you talk about all air, solid, liquid, all kind of things. Including noise pollution and even other types of the pollution, thermal pollution also. And then we come to the solid waste management. How do we take up the 2 to 3 lectures over this? And we cover the sources, control measurements, minimizes, and various other impacts on this society. So, if I am taking it in some sense, it is largely 2 to 4 lectures. Sir, Anna University, they have given environmental pollution, sir. Under the heading, Anna, environmental pollution. So, I completed my PhD in solid waste management. Oh, very good. So that. Who was your research? That waste degradation. Dignin, cellulose degradation, everything. Okay, nice. And then vermicomposting. But how many lectures you take? That usually it's a very important area, though I completed my PhD in that. No, that's fine. But how many lectures you take? Four lectures. Okay, four. So, it's largely 3 to 4 lectures then. Okay, that's what I also do actually. So, that means what I will teach is very much relevant in that sense, because ultimately, except those who take 10 lectures, I also take 3 to 4 lectures on solid waste management. Actually, sometimes it's 3, sometimes it's 4. Yeah. Yes. Sir, actually, I will also speak about EVS. Yeah. Our paper, Environmental Engineering 2, it's basically dedicating one entire module. That was the actual reason. So, say again, which course you're talking about? Speaking about Environmental Engineering. Yeah, but, okay, so that's a different course probably, right? Yeah, actually. Yeah, but that's fair. So, I'm just asking about this course. Environmental Sciences, sir, it's around 3 to 400. Environmental Sciences. I was in Science. Three or four. Three or four, okay. RGPV syllabus. They are having the, in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, they are having triple ES, Engineering, Environment, Ecology, Environment, Energy Environment, and Ethics. Oh, okay. Ecology. Yeah. So, it is common for all the branches. Yeah. And in Civil Engineering, we are having that Environmental Engineering. So, water supply and this Sanitary Engineering, we are having. Yeah, but that's different course. Yeah. Yeah. Okay, so how, so we are just here. Please remember that we are not talking about solid-based management as a course or what we deal with solid-based. My question is very simple that under Environmental Science, I don't know, it's what you call it, Environmental Studies and Environment Sciences, how much of your lectures are dedicated on solid-based management? I'm not concerned about otherwise what you do for Civil Engineering or Chemical or whatsoever. So, I see that it's 2 to 3 or depending on the like 4, that's what you do, right? Okay, very good. So, another question which comes in my mind, how many of you are either civil or chemical or mechanical or electrical engineers? Mostly civil? So, largely it's taught by Civil Engineering Department? Okay, how many of you are from Humanities but teach the course? Okay, so in many places it's done by Humanities Department? Yeah, may I ask you, so you say your expert is in literature or something or English? Applied Sciences, yeah, applied Sciences, okay, that's nice too. Okay, so it's largely taught by Science and Engineering faculty then? Anyone who is teaching Environmental Studies or anyone's institution, they teach Environmental Studies but their background is not Science and Engineering? No one, right? That's pretty nice. In a sense that what I teach is more relevant in that sense that, yeah. Economics, okay, but that you see the half of our module is taught by economists and political scientists, et cetera. So, that's fair in also. So, what I have tried to do it is I kept so simple that everyone can understand it. You do not, you just need common sense rather than expertise kind of thing, okay? So, by the way you're right that if it's nice we give classification up front that what kind of waste is solid waste and what's industrial waste? I just speak it up in my class. I just say that there is industries waste, there is a biomedical waste. Biomedical waste I cover in this course and also electronic waste partially covered of course. And but I do not have a formal way of explaining to the students that there's industrial waste this much is greater than hazardous waste because the obvious reason is I have to finish this in three to four lectures and if I deviate a little bit more then it becomes too much, okay? So, that's why I always say that environmental source studies course need to be tweaked the way it is more important as per the syllabus but also how important it is for the city or community also. Please make that point also. For example, if you're living in a very remote area and there is no air pollution so more focus should be on other kind of pollution. That's what I think personally, okay? So, I start with this beautiful pictures, okay? Not taken by me of course and I tell the student that this is what I will cover. I hope it's very much clear that you know I talk about that this is what is happening. See the number of bottles and how you will find the stray animals and in many of our cities we'll find this every time we then go pass through we say chi chi gandai but when no one is looking at us very conveniently we throw our waste also. So, that's the whole idea to little bit sensitize it to tell people that okay chi chi comes from us clean our houses. So, by the way we clean our houses but we do not clean the streets. So, that's a little bit of sensitization thing and then I also tell that this is a nice way of doing it that pictures a little bit interesting and this is the way I start this course. And I also tell them an interesting story that hypothetical story that story is that we will have a party in the hostel, okay? We will have beautiful all kind of good food. And the next day we and at 2 p.m. or 2 a.m. you will sleep of course if the party people sleep late yes and after that we do nothing you go to your rooms. The safaiwala goes to his house he doesn't come back. Next day you go to hostel the cook is there he cooks but do not they don't clean it. The next day same we are cooking good food every day but simple thing we are doing is the one person who cleans our house hostel extra they won't do it. Then I ask them what will happen after 5-6 days? Many of them are still thinking like you thinking what will happen after 7 days? Order will come there all kinds of these flying things will be there and then I tell that then we won't have more more hostels we will have more hospitals because ultimately we will start becoming sick in 5-7 days and everyone has to go to hospital. So everything in hostel will converted to hospital and they say really okay but yeah but that is the point that if the simple thing if we do not clean this solid waste management we do not do it the proper way ultimately most of us get sick right. And then this example of this 14th century Europe when they were not paying much of attention to the solid waste collection disposal okay this was something like a primitive type of modernization people have beautiful houses but not throwing it everywhere. So what happened is this plague started coming there and actually many people died which can be attributed to the solid waste management mismanagement of solid waste. So it's still little bit of sensitization of the course telling that see how important it is okay. Then I say to them that what are the deal what is the deal about solid waste why it is little bit tricky to treat it because if we can have if we can go to where moon to sun even to sun no not yet okay. So what is the deal about solid waste? The deal is what is the deal about solid waste then if I ask this question see if we can have all kind of beautiful technologies what is the new technology now I6 iPhone 6 we can have nuclear power plants we can have supersonic planes etc what is the deal what solid waste then why we are not dealing with the solid waste the way we should deal I just tell them very simply that it's all about segregation okay you see here different components takes a lot different times to to degrade and if I mix them together I do not know know how to degrade them how to transform them they need different technologies for dealing with different types of things okay. So it's not I do not read it here because it's you know not teaching you but basically if I tell you that plastic probably live there forever glass bottles etc we do not know clean aluminium etc it won't degrade for many years actually virtually it's everywhere every time there but food waste will degrade very fast so if you mix them together we have a problematic solution problem we do not know what is the right solution for that okay that's what I do how much of waste you generate every day and that's left for calculation by the students assuming your student today please calculate how much of MSW you generate every day and it shouldn't be that difficult imagine the container you're at your house in which you put your waste imagine the what kind of waste you put you should be able to calculate so can you just please calculate you have this two piece of white papers please calculate everyone that how much waste you generate and then we will have competition who is more generating more waste left right or centre that's way I do it in class also okay so everyone has these two papers to white sheets A4 size yeah please use one of them it's for you just write your name and centre number whatever is instead of roll number calculate how much waste you generate approximately it's not that you're not tested here but just how how good you are in guessing it's like and do not copy huh do not copy from others no one knows how much you generate in your house how much right side okay so you have question or your answer okay fine how much who is who said one kg 50 grams you this much you generated house per person no per day I must per day one kg 50 grams okay go to America that's what they do here we generate very less just joking but are you sure you calculate it correctly 0.5 kg per day okay 400 grams per day it looks like most of you know it so you have put it there 0.5 kg per person really I calculated for myself it's not more than 150 grams and most of them I attribute it to my kids they produce more waste because they throw food they throw everything 225 grams I personally think that those who are saying it 500 grams they know it they are not calculating it pardon so how did you calculate one kilogram sir what is in one kilogram no but can you just put the number then how much paper you waste every day on every okay so this is approximately 400 grams 25 grams and one person from jammu you said from jammu it is one kilogram how many grams one kilo plus 50 grams very interesting number 1.05 okay sir 1.1 yeah better than jammu okay from where are you from who else 350 grams from from Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu were doing much better okay approximately 1 kg per person per day okay very good so this okay so that is I personally think many of you haven't calculated it properly but this is a good exercise to do and I calculated it for my house for a month it's approximately 150 grams per person per day okay so probably I produce less okay and once I tell this I asked tell the students also that how much is generated in terms of average in India it's in small tons it is 100 grams per person per day if you are in medium tons it's 300 to 400 grams per day and it's in larger tons 500 grams per day per person per day in average they it says 0.3 to 0.6 you can say that for rough estimations 0.5 half kg per person per day the question then I ask is why the small city people produce less why generally this is the India trend right they do not eat packaged food habits lifestyle okay when I was young I never eat eat pizza I never went to a restaurant for many days except I do not once in a year kind of thing but that's not the case now right okay you want to say something yeah from Balgamy so you're from Balgamy Karnataka okay so a group of students I took so I conducted a survey like questionnaires we have taken like how many family members are residing and what is the per capita income and what is the type of food whether they are consuming vegetarian food or non-vegetarian so it also depends and whether they usually go for restaurants or what so like this for one month average we have taken so for our city it is coming round about 350 grams per capita okay very okay yeah go ahead if you won't tell yeah so far what I do in this course it takes little bit less time because I always run little bit less time I sensitize this issue I make the students to understand little bit and start thinking that what they are doing okay it's not that once I start or my students start thinking that what's happening they will change their lifestyle they won't right even if I know that I am producing one kilogram I don't change the next day and start producing 200 gram it won't happen you agree with me the whole idea here is to sensitize this issue is they become conscious they become conscious in terms of environment in long run probably right they won't change their lifestyle yes sir what do you want to say yeah especially in the class in my class we have around 20 students 20 students yeah so I conducted a kind of survey what my colleague just said but in much more simpler manner and we got to know which is very shocking is that majority of the waste solid waste generated by them is actually food waste food waste which is related to either vegetable fruits or say any kind of which is related to food and they themselves were pretty much shocked that majority of the solid waste generated by individuals is related to very interesting sir very interesting so most of the waste generated from our houses largely that we did it sorry without a hostel ever right is a food based right you agree with me and not many students comes with this answer because they have never done a survey but you know you start thinking a little bit more that's the whole idea of having this large exercise okay one more point yeah and also we observed that for developed areas in a city also if I'm going to take like how we have got Hiranandani or Posh area in Mumbai likewise in Balgambu we have got what is known as Hanuman Nagar something like that so likewise we have selected the areas and we found that the Posh areas are generating more amount of waste absolutely very nice excellent so I don't get these answers from my students hello sir because they are not expert right you right yeah okay so I don't want to go into detail of just on this 5.5 and all these numbers but the whole idea is because the answers you guys are giving because you're expert right students are not students have not even thought for many days of this so wonderful that's what I always explain to them most of the waste is food waste and rich people have more waste that's why you will find that the 12 countries right 12 countries US Germany all these 12 countries generally have more waste as compared to us so whole idea is to and the answers you are giving that's answer I have to give to student because they don't know it okay so I don't want to yeah I just take the last question because it's it's not the part of yeah actually the standard of living is directly related to the solid waste produced per person very nice yeah that's what in US they produce 2.5 kg whereas in India it is even less than half kg yeah so this that's what I explain to them that it's related to lifestyle most of our you will see the next slide what what I tell to them I will come to this little bit later because you just did with took it far but it's everything is related to the lifestyle it's related to the income also if you try to correlate with the income because you're saying that high-end people have more ways it's related to income okay so also I tell that thing and I also tell that you know the most of our waste generated is from larger cities if it is 6 if I just take 6 mega cities my 18 percent or that kind of waste is coming from 6 large cities and the next 17 percent is coming from 101 million plus cities less than 100 cities and then if I include the 500 other cities which are 1 lakh plus cities that is coming 37 percent or so so basically your whole problem if you see the 72 or 73 percent of waste is generated in larger cities okay the problem is concentrated that means it's concentrated on the larger cities and I also have to tell them all the stories about related to income why 12 countries have more waste and I also ask them are we going on the same path as of US or as of Germany that means is development always means that we are moving towards more waste generation or should we backtrack sometime should we say no this is not the right path so this is more about sensitization and give them some numbers okay and how much urban local body spend this is a little bit old number telling that most of our money actually is gone just for the collection and transportation we do not have lot of treatment money we do not spend sorry urban local body do not spend much money on the treatment little bit telling them that actually there is no treatment happening okay so this is all idea of this is so far sensitization and give them some numbers if you talk to any scientist and engineer they are very interested in numbers Ketna okay that's always the question you cannot tell them high low no one believes in science in high low and then I show this interesting say that how per capita generation is increasing and then it's someone has done it from 1947 interestingly and I also tell them it's increasing after 1947 so now you you should also have within your mind why in 1947 yeah so we became independent we thought generate more waste yes that's what is happening it's not like that economy per capita income lifestyle etc is leading to change so this is what I tell to them okay and after that I tell the total waste generated it's it's just a little bit of forecast but approximately less than 100 million tons in totality you can argue that its number can change I also tell them that these numbers are not so accurate yes yeah it's it's forecast okay and also the figure that you have shown in the two slides before to this yeah that looks that it's per day yeah but that 1.5 it maybe the present figure must be much higher it looks like that is 98 yeah that's what I tell them it's not accurate yeah 98 99 pardon that 1.5 1.1 million tons yeah it's much much higher than that we don't have a good number that came from I think in 2000 and 2.6 million yeah yeah we can have different numbers but I also tell them if you see even to estimate how much waste we're generating is not so accurate because our pollution control about etc sometime are not doing a very decent job for example how much waste we generate in Maharashtra or let's say how much waste we generate in Mumbai who is from Mumbai okay how much waste we generate in Mumbai it was in Hindustan times okay no idea yeah so so they say 7000 tons the same time they say 10,000 tons sometimes it's 12,000 tons it's it's somewhere in between even actually a little bit more than that so the numbers are not so accurate and it depends how they are in public domain okay it's not that if I know from municipality I can just quote it it should be in literature somewhere it should be printed in printed form okay it's 12,000 so these numbers are it's it's not so accurate let's keep on changing it's not what number it's all about telling that how much actually waste is generated and how much area is required to dump those waste okay how much landfills are required and if you calculate the the cost of this land for the city like Mumbai or for the cities like coming from you will find that's really high the cost is really high okay you're talking about a precious land which otherwise can be used for some purpose is just used for the dumping of solid waste and that's what I want to tell them in this slide then comes what characteristics of the waste what is in my waste different cities have the different thing someone from Assam told me that our most of our part of waste is food waste but if you include the waste which is coming outside our houses like streets and etc etc so there is a lot of residue material which is inert in nature for example street washing and sometime even construction and construction and construction debris also okay so basically you are very right most of our waste is biodegradable in nature largely food waste and when I include the street sweeping etc a lot of my waste is inert in nature that means dust and dirt etc so why I tell this I tell them that now we have to think about technology to process it and the technology will depend upon what I generate what are the characteristics of my waste okay so that's the reason of telling this I define what is solid waste management I don't have to tell it here this is a little bit interesting definition and then I tell how these different components are linked to this okay started from generation collection and transport transformation this will for you guys it's not interesting but you should tell your students that this is how it is done okay that's the whole idea I have so this one what's that yeah yeah the color coding etc is okay I don't tell them this color coding things I just tell them there is a two things you have to do and that's bare minimum dry and wet organic in organic what I will call it dry and wet that is the bare minimum you have to do now you are doing at home probably nothing just you have one bin at least have two bins okay even you know maybe knowing it but I also tell them that you know even having these two bins is all about 50 percent of problem that means what largely food based dry means remaining if I can segregate this 50 percent 45 percent which is coming from houses my half a problem is actually solved you know that's why the segregation has so much important role to play in all waste management forget about very good bad technologies if I can segregate it my half problem is gone and for that I just need two beans actually I can have four or five color coded bean etc that's gonna be okay but even this little bit tweaking it's very little tweaking right I have one container at home everyone has one so if I just have two half of problem is solved separate dry sometimes people ask what is sir what is wet waste for example this polythene or this milk packets right many of we are having this milk which is now comes in packets right so is it a dry or it's a bit how many is it dry okay how many say dry milk packets dry dry dry dry okay how many you say that very less it's basically a dry waste because it's a plastic right and that has created a lot of problem then for example I also tell this story about this segregation of dry and wet waste in IIT in IIT we are doing it in some places right but what happens because of this actually the nature it looks like wet waste right it has some milk remaining some water remaining everyone is putting that into wet waste and then if I want to take it for biodegradation that's not a good idea because ultimately I'm putting plastic into that by the way that comes in dry waste okay so that's a challenge also is it not a challenge ultimately I want to put it in dry waste but then eventually everything becomes wet practically so no one wants to put your plastic this milk plastic bag into dry waste because ultimately it's dry waste will be spoiled okay you know that what I'm saying so what should we do with them with those waste those plastic milk plastic packets here recycle is okay but for them if I just two bins I don't want three no that's after you you are not understanding I'm saying that I have just two bins dried first and who will do it in the house right no one want to do that that's a little bit tricky challenge I'm saying it's a dry waste but actually it's wet and I cannot say people first have a dryer instead of putting on a hair put in that it's practical problem I have identified it in our campus itself no one wants to put them in dry waste that's why that kind of things need to be told and then you know different kinds of interesting bins litter bins these mechanical sweepers probably now these small cities and large cities are also buying these sweepers we have in Hiranandani area these mechanical sweepers cleaning collecting dirt etc from the streets okay so far so good what else you tell in your class what else should I tell in my class rather than this yeah suggestion yeah it will come after of course oh we will yeah that comes certainly after but so far in terms of generation etc yes please I'm Arnadesh Kumar from BIT Meshra so I start I'm teaching this paper for last three years yeah so what I do first thing I start to start with a diagram yeah and then I ask these two what's the diagram by the way it will just a dump site dump site dump site okay dump and then I ask them just now imagine what are we adding and what are the impacts it is going to create and how we are going to solve that that is what you're going to learn in this paper very nice yeah okay then that once the ball is set in then it rolls on its own okay so you think it's not rolling here I'm just joking yeah that's okay yeah I see what you're saying that's also a very good idea telling this is dump site and how you're dealing with nicely okay I tell about this door to door collection someone comes to your door it collects and then they have this kind of this four tire wheeler this vehicle they take it there the problems is in some communities for example the what you call them in in slum areas in all city doesn't have slum areas but in Mumbai we have a lot of slum areas 60 percent 60 percent of population lives in approximately I'm not please do not quote me but they live in slum area and so on so far so how do we collect waste there that trolley etc cannot go right there's no space there is you cannot ask people to collect and keep it inside their houses also because also are not so big that's another challenge okay and you know sometime I also tell my students that this is a new business you have to think on you because you may be knowing this IIT Bombay is very popular in having entrepreneurs right we have so many startup companies I tell my students now you should have company on waste management thinking of different aspects of waste management it's a few thousand crore business you may be knowing it right it's a thousand crore business so that kind of thing I tell you and I also tell them what is little bit bigger beans the communities having those beans okay so all by here I am talking about is the generation and the collection right and then this larger beans not in India we have more or less discarded these kind of beans these community beans are gone from India why because our streets streets are becoming narrow especially in cities like Mumbai there's no space to keep these community beans okay in smaller places in smaller towns you will find there are community beans also okay so that's an interesting way that what you do is every time when you go morning outside your house you put this in the community bin but you may you know why we have discarded or discontinued community beans why three animals and then people have a tendency to throw it okay so how do I throw it right so this is a bin for example right so I'm going very fast I just throw it like this and it goes outside so the second person was supposed to come closer cannot come closer now so he's throw from here now okay so he throws it here and then the third person a little bit farther so everything becomes dirty and then we say okay so that's that need to be told to students also that you know to sensitization is also important here and after that types of collection systems there's stationary and haul container systems largely we have stationary container system that means we are not actually transporting the container in some cities in some countries they actually take the container along with there is a hook to the container they take it but that we are actually not using this anymore in India actually okay so basically we are not using station we're using stationary container not hauled container system then these are big big trucks compactors have you every city has compactors now who is from jammu jammu wale kaange you have compactor in your cities to collect waste this type of compactors everyone has compactor in their cities or still you're using trucks only trucks only trucks so why do we need compactors that is very interesting I don't know why do we need compactors okay what is the density of waste very nice who said 160 okay why not 150 yeah around 150 to 160 yeah so you can increase to almost is 452 you see very nice so that's what I tell them you know if we have big like plastic bottles or plastic containers and even sometimes packing materials if I have to just put them in a truck without compaction I need to transport need lot of trips additional trips yes and but if I have this compactor I can do increase my density two to three times that means I have to take less trip to the disposal site we may not do perfect compaction the dumping site also yeah so thereby I could store so many so much in the dumping operations in this okay so you're helping you're saying even if you're helping in terms of landfill sites also landfill site also actually that's that may not be true for all city at least compaction is happening in dumping sites you know you see that we big big wheel kind of system is used it's largely because the density of our waste is much much lesser we have cardboard we have high volume but less density so we want to compact it so that we can transport more what is the density of water yeah don't worry about that I asked them my students yeah you don't have to answer no don't worry I asked my students what is the density of water start thinking I also show this slide you can see it after that what is the density and why you will find that the density of waste in 12 countries is less than even in the developing countries why it is so less food based less dirt and dust okay they have more cardboard paper and plastic etc I also tell them so I stop here except that treatment disposal which you are mentioning which I will talk a little bit later what else do you teach in your class the very nice idea came from BIT Mishra that we should tell them how come that that can also be included in your classes to make it a little bit interesting also what else what else do you teach after this whatever you have taught us I would like to tease the impacts of solid waste generation on our society on our environment and then after how can we manage this solid waste by different ways okay very good yeah we will come to that after yeah anyone else at this influencing the generation factor influence generation rate someone already told that I told them it's ready to economics it's a lifestyle if I eat more pizza I have lot of cardboard if my mother is cooking I have more food based it depends from and it also varies from one pocket of city from another pocket for example if I go to Hiranandani the waste unit it is different from the IIT campus that thing I tell but it's not in my slides you know the gentleman told everything actually that's why I don't want to repeat it sir mainly we teach a hierarchy for waste management yeah that comes after I have all processing and etc I do that too so far so good yeah sir can you also suggest the business aspects so we can business models we have to talk about that after after this class and you have to give me 10 percent of whatever business you do after yeah I will tell them I will tell what what is the business model okay all right so any other thing well whatever is remaining we will teach of course I will tell in the next class yeah so what is the technology interface in the solid waste management technology we will do after I mean that's what I will do after 11 30 or so yeah thank you sir yeah so we how to minimize the base don't generate it yeah three hours recycle reuse and recover yeah we will talk about that yeah at least I suggest to I tell you what we should do I should answer it we should just do what our grandfather our grandmother told don't do what the new people are telling us when our grandfather grandmother when they were in our age whatever they were doing was the right thing what we are doing is not right that's what is happening to involvement just follow your grandparents sir I normally teach to the student that waste is not a waste it is a resource so we should use in that way yeah we can convert into energy bio fertilizer yeah we also tell that but we also tell them actually it is a waste because that's why it's waste sir yeah sir I teach to the BTEC first year students common to all branches so the most difficult thing is to make them understand the first question they ask us are okay let the waste there be what is the problem why how are we concerned with it okay so the basic problem is I think if you tell them the story that yes yes yes we have to I we have a party we eat whatever you want to eat and then don't clean it for 10 20 days and you live in the house that was very good even if you can live in two days in the hostel which is not clean be my guest forever then it's not our problem this is the basic challenge that first of all we have to get them realize that why this is a problem for them yeah that's the basic that's what I sense ties it from from the hostel yes sir that that's that we will have party you are all my guests but the only thing I won't do is not clean your host the problem I also had faced when I was conducting programs in Godrej so one day what we did we took all that time these were school children we took them to dumping ground okay and showed them that see this is what is happening and now capacity has exhausted where will this waste go further okay so when they saw that waste dump they really like now they could get feel of it that oh really this yeah if I if you are dealing with true and children it's very easy they are obedient they are not realistic they are truthful not us no even sir our b-tech students they are doing some project on like that they are calculating how much waste is generated in koimatur and they go to dumping site and there are some measures taken by municipalities so they they have done that and they have done one documentary if time permits I can show that sure yeah yeah we can start directly with the MSW rules 2000 what is the main requirement in that yeah so we can start insisting on this the rules you have to follow something like yeah yeah we I talked about that little bit in shorter time having the last part we can start these are the mandatory requirements in MSW 2000 yeah starting with so what happens is I tell them then I say we don't follow them this is a one very beautiful program that was telecasted on TV in Satyam Evjatesan 3-4 months back yeah very good business I also tell them to see that movie that Satyam Evjatesan episode also excuse me management has come you have to tell about the supreme court rule so when the supreme court have to rule because our empowered committee have to tell about the empower committee and pilot study very nice I think so here is the catch here is the catch is that here is what I think about different things right and in addition to that it's a course in which the student has to pass number one and I have to deliver the whatever I have to deliver in 3 hours approximately right 3 lectures you mentioned right so I can tell them everything on the earth and actually even if I start talking to you guys we will find some solution also right but they are students and they have to pass also so what is the idea is to give them the bare minimum sensitization little bit and after that let them sleep because since you can sensitize everyone then everyone will be in J for example I cannot sensitize my my son just to read hard if it doesn't read it doesn't read right you understand what I'm saying so sensitization is okay but at the same time it's a course also so there are three aspects of sensitization because supreme court want to tell to everyone and at the same time to passing them so if you can just try to balance it I don't know how okay that's fair fair enough excuse me the data which we have collected from the survey of the per family capita generation of waste but the data is if it involves the data which is produced during the various ceremonial processes and various ceremonies festivals that is much more than the per family capita data of course it is so another thing I also tell about this characterization like characterization and quantification actually the quantification characterizing so difficult you every one of you knows to and probably don't that it's almost impossible to have accurate number survey only tells about the the generation of this solid waste per family only okay but that is very a lesser amount than the which we generate during the functions and various other organizations or festivals and all ceremony ceremonies very good so in fact you know it's like I can see that everyone of us wants to do something on solid waste management but it's nevertheless it's just a course right and of course many of you are researchers so that's why your researcher is coming out on exchange I can do this I can do that thank you very much so we meet after this break