 Okay, so a quick look at an ASTM to give you some information on how to extract the right information. So this is the approximate test, standard test method for approximate analysis of cold and coke. It's the macro thermogravimetric technique, which is what we're using. It's D7582-15. If you're looking at this in a year or so time, a newer one will be available. So that was last approved in 2015. Make sure you're using the most current one. So ASTMs have multiple components. The scope isn't particularly useful. It tells you that in this case it's a moisture of all time at a ash yield and fixed carbon by calculation. That's about all that really tells you. So not particularly useful. It does tell you other ASTMs that are associated and you'll find out for this particular suite of things, many of them are interconnected that you need both the approximate and the ultimate analysis or the approximate and the calorific value to work your way through the process and manipulate the data. The summary of the test method is reasonable. It tells you that it goes through what I'm getting out of looking at this is that we're using approximately one gram is used and that the volatiles determined after heating to 950 degrees C and that particular duration is for seven minutes. This is quite historic for these particular assignments still being utilized. However, moisture is determined from mass loss when it's under very specific conditions and we'll get to those specific conditions and there's more on this information related to temperature and time in the procedure, which is what you put into the volatile matter. Sorry, the procedure, which is what you would put into the theory section. All right, running through this. Don't overly use this, the significance and use it. Most often it is very flippant in its use. It doesn't tell you a great deal of information, which is why you have to go to the books. Here's an example of uses used in conjunction with the air dry test for other analytical results to as received basis. So used in manipulations. That's a definition. And of course, you're writing your report as if you're an employee for a company. So if you're doing call analysis, you are either a call company or a call user. So your boss is boss who you're writing certainly abstract for and some other pieces does not need to know these simple definitions. Right, so the use is not a definition. And this doesn't tell me enough information about how it's used, which is why you go to books. So parameter for cold cleaning, certainly that's one use. Multiple analysis for correction of the oxygen. Material balances, gasification liquefaction and calculating load and ESP, et cetera, et cetera, erosion rates. And so one of the things that is very evident is we want you to use the data and so you don't have to use it in a particular manner. And perhaps the most obvious manner in most cases, but there are many different ways to utilize the data and knowing that is a key point and not only knowing that but then being demonstrating that you are indeed an engineer. And you can make decisions and you can make recommendations and you can suggest manipulations along those way of those manners. Volatile, Coquille purchasing the selling, you're going to get more information from a book, letting you know how these various components work. The apparatus is quite useful. It says the furnace must be capable of this particular heating rate from ambient to 950 degrees C. Again, that's the sort of information that would go into theory. The precision there is four decimal places. So earlier we said accurately, approximately, sorry, earlier it was said approximately one gram. And that's put into the instrument. But it is then and in within the instrument. The masses determined to four decimal places. Language. Yes, they are crucibles. And you want to be using that terminology covers. Again, you want to use that terminology. So here 99.5% purity ultimate will use a higher level of purity. The sample will pass a 60 mesh sieve, and we will talk more about that in the lecture and and later lab very probably, but you don't just put coal in it has to be a representative sample, and the device is controlled. So it behaves appropriately. Don't worry about the preparation apparatus for this is just on startup of the very first use. Don't worry about calibration calibration is more important when you get to the ultimate analysis. So procedure. Again, this is going to be helpful for your theory. You've got approximately one gram. And again, it's supposedly written in technical terms past tense. It's not the methods. You're not giving instructions in the theory or explaining how the instrument works. And so it's about, you know, approximately one gram of minus 60 mesh coal placed in a crucible within the TGA. Some of our magic analyzer for moisture you've got this 107 plus or minus three degrees Celsius. So again about 110 degrees Celsius 110 roughly but in the theory you would use the appropriate values. This is an interesting detail underline it but again if you can throw in some details. It really shows that you know your material right that the gas is going through such that it's replaced the volume of the firm's volume per minute. So it gives you a rate of flow to ensure you're sweeping the produced volatiles or moisture into the exhaust system so you get an appropriate mass. The volatile matter you add covers moisture is done without covers. So there's a process where it does the moisture analysis until it gets constant weight opens up you put the covers on it reways it on an atmosphere it goes through again these different flow rates per minute, which allows us to sweep things away. That's a little different than the earlier one. So we go to 950 plus or minus 20 degrees Celsius and a 20 minute time period again that's that heating rate. It's very easy to heat things room temperature and get that sort of controlled heating rate it gets much more challenging for the instrument manufacturers. So you are in the 900 920 30 degrees Celsius range. It holds its temperature for seven minutes the weight loss then is recovered as seven is recorded as the volatile matter, not volatiles Volta is a different volatile matter is the term for these gases that are released under this very specific heating condition for these particular sized co particles minus 60 mesh. We do have popping challenges and again these are things that you can read read about in books and the cover helps prevent loss of material. Once the Volta matter is done then it's cool. This allows the covers to be removed. And again we do that safely using tongs and we also have gloves. And then it needs to again to go to an additional temperature furnace atmosphere goes to oxygen or air. We have reached 950 degrees Celsius. Again this is a nice detail that shows you know what you're talking about. These are controlled varies if it's oxygen or air, and that'll give you the ash yield. So what else can we use in this particular piece. If you go and look at the calculation interpretation of the results. There are some equations that allow you to do the conversions. And so very simple calculations but very commonly done reports very helpful tells you what you should typically report sometimes I have additional requests. And repeatability are something we'll come back to as well as bias. So not particularly key keywords are helpful for doing searches within books. And so I would use those as well. Again, sometimes you're going to see examples of how to show the data. The end material can be useful as well. So that's how you utilize the ASTM. You're picking out the technical details. Again, part of the summary the apparatus and the regions and the procedures come together to allow you to work out the, the theory section, right how the instrument works. You also get in the theory section the calculations or manipulations of the data. And that goes there as well for the methods. You're assuming that someone can know knows how to use the instrument. And so it's very simple what are the samples what is the instrument in accordance to what ASTM and what corrections manipulations were performed along with the sample information. That's pretty much how to extract useful information from an ASTM.