 Welcome to my channel, I am Arpita Kaurva and this is a video which is going to deal with one of the most important topics of UGC Net English Literature paper 2. Last year I am pretty sure that you must have seen that there was a slight change in the syllabus and few new topics were added. Now as I have always been telling my students that these topics were added officially on the syllabus but they were earlier also asking questions from these topics. So you need to understand the fact that you don't need to actually worry about the topics because these are very easy and one such topic is language and pedagogy. Now language and pedagogy basically is a part of linguistics which is another subject altogether of UGC Net examination. English Literature is code number 30 whereas linguistics as a subject is code number 31 but yes now that we know that English is becoming one of the widely known and widely spoken language it is important for us to understand how to teach English to our students and teaching English involves using certain methods so that the student can understand the language and then communicate effectively and in order to master this technique UGC Net have made an effort and put this in our syllabus so that we can understand various language learning techniques. So in this video I am going to look at some key techniques which is asked in Net exam and once you understand these key techniques you will be able to answer 3 to 4 questions which are asked from linguistics very easily. So don't worry there are at least 3 or 4 questions asking about language and pedagogy and we are going to master that by the end of this video so let's get started. The first important language learning method is known as grammar method. Now this is the oldest and the most traditional method of teaching any language to students. This method was used specifically to teach Greek and Latin during the classical period so if you remember in one of my audio lectures in my online course I have discussed the classical literature in which I have discussed what it means to have an academy in Greek ancient Greece. So in ancient Greece we have these philosophers like Socrates and Aristophanes and they were having academies where they used to teach students and Latin and Greek were the languages that were taught. So the languages were taught according to this method that is why it is known as grammar method because the focus was too much on the grammar. If you have ever tried to master English language try to become better at spoken English you must have come across these books by Rapidex or Salam Chos. Now in these books you will find out that they have given you exercises where there are sentences in Hindi you have to translate that into English and vice versa. For example a sentence given hoga mai kursi par betha hu translate that into English I am sitting on the chair. In the same way they will give you a sentence in English I am going to the market translate this into Hindi this would be mai bazar jaa raha hu and this is how they try to teach you English as a language. So this method of translating a text or a line from madatang to the target language and vice versa is known as grammar method. A lot of times questions have been asked from grammar method in December 2015 there was a question that which of the language teaching methods strategically makes the use of madatang and the correct answer was grammar method. So make sure that you understand the made sick idea about what grammar method is and you prepare yourself thoroughly for the exam. The next learning methodology is very interesting and is very close to my heart since I have been a psychologist and I have been a student of psychology it was created by a psychologist himself called James Asher and this is known as total physical response. Now have you ever observed a child learning language what his parents or his elder siblings do they tell him go go to that door open that door give me that book give that book to mama this is how they talk to the child and gradually you will see that the child starts learning so what happens when a person talks to another person in this way basically there is a brain connection that develops between action and the language. So there is a strong connection when I say go shut the door and I point out towards the door that means there is a wiring in the brain which says that ok door if I am pointing out at the door and I am saying door that means this object is called door. So this is total physical response which is very kinesthetic the children are asked to actually do things so that they learn quickly and if you look at the nursery rhymes also 1 2 3 buckle my shoe all these poems that you look at you will find that they are more about doing things sit on the floor get up sit down eat this give it all these words that is how the child is learning so it is very much connected to the child psychology and that is why this is the best method that parents use in order to teach a language to their kid. So make sure that if you want to ever understand or learn a new language you use this technique total physical response and you understand how a strong connection neural connection can be built between an action and the vocabulary associated another interesting learning methodology is skill based learning I am pretty sure that you must be aware that there are four language skills reading writing listening and speaking if you want to master any language you need to become better at all these four things I have seen a lot of students who keep on watching TV shows or English news and still they cannot pick up language so easily they cannot speak fluently I have a lot of friends who are ardent readers they read so much still they struggle when it comes to spoken English have you ever wondered why this particular teaching method is going to give you the answer when you only focus on one aspect one skill you become better at that skill if I focus on cooking Indian food will I become better at cooking continental dishes no if I am good at drawing can I be good at guitar no if I practice drawing I will be good at drawing if I practice guitar I will be good at guitar the same thing applies to the four language skills if you are reading a lot these days you will find out that your reading speed would improve if you are writing a lot you will see that words are going to flow very easily if you are practicing listening you will become better at listening you might be using subtitles earlier and later you might understand it without subtitles but then by listening more you can't become good at speaking so skill based learning actually tells you that you have to work on all the four skills if you want to become better at these four skills or if you want to become good at one particular skill if I want to get into content writing I want to become good at writing it's better that I practice writing more by reading or by speaking or by listening I would not improve my writing skills so this is the major idea behind the skill based teaching which is another important teaching methodology frequently asked in net exam last but not the least is the language method which was developed during the world war II and that is why it is also known as the army method so what's this method all about it is known as audio lingual method if you look at the world war II scenario just when the world war II started people were very much curious to know the language of their enemies because when these armies would go on the war front they have to be equipped with what they are the enemies are speaking amongst themselves and that is the reason why these army soldiers were trained in the language of their enemy so they have to become very good at understanding and remembering those set phrases so this method which is known as audio lingual method employs mugging up sentences repeating those model sentences over and over again and imitating your teachers so if you actually can relate it to your own life when you go to another country altogether for example you visit china now you'll memorize a few phrases so that you can actually communicate with the local chinese people maybe you can memorize a phrase like where can I get food okay so that when you speak that in chinese you'll be able to at least survive in china if people cannot communicate in english so we do understand and know few phrases bengali may kisi chees ko kya kete hai we know that right we don't know entire bengali but then we know that certain phrase so this habit of repeating the phrase again and again this drill method is known as the audio lingual method in which you keep on repeating the set phrases set patterns again and again there was a question which was asked recently in the net exam that mechanical drill method is used to teach an acquired language or teach a second language in which method so this mechanical drill tool is used as a tool in which method of language teaching and the correct answer was audio lingual method because in this you mechanically ask students to keep on repeating the set phrases it's like a mechanical drill so these were few very important and very interesting language teaching methods which are asked in net exam and also which will be beneficial if you teach somebody a new language so with that note I would like to give an end to this video there are a lot of other methods which I have not yet covered in this video for more details and to know more about these methods you can go to my website and get the detailed list of language teaching method and get detailed audios and pdf's on the same if you join our online course you can also subscribe to this youtube channel so that you keep on receiving the new content that I'm posting specifically and exclusively for UGC net aspirin follow me on all the social media platforms so that you don't miss out on any new updates also at the same time like share and subscribe to this channel comment below if you have any other questions any other doubts or any other topics on which you want me to make videos that's it for this video lecture we'll meet very soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next happy learning keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpitakarva.com