 This is a video that is about the Latin tense structure that's going to build up towards a sequence of tenses as You know And again, this is true for not just for Latin but any language as you know And we're gonna draw a timeline to help you visualize this as you know There are really only three times possible now later and Earlier, so we've got a timeline you can see right in the middle is now and then later at some point and Then things that happened before in grammar talk. We very conveniently call these Present and bear with me while I learn how to use this the present the future and This is a very simplified view. Now Latin has this notion and in grammar talk We call it aspect, but you don't need to worry about it We'll just tell you what the names of these various aspects are and one is for incomplete action Which very conveniently is called? imperfect imperfect and it's for incomplete action, so Let's write in a fabulous shade of red Not done and of course there's going to be another timeline down here for action. That is Done We'll shift back to black so you can see that and we'll draw another timeline And we'll put the same three hash marks on it for the past the present in the future Draw a nicer arrow on there. There we go and These timelines And this is the perfect timeline The perfect timeline now for those of you who have studied Latin for a little bit You should notice that some of these correspond to actual tense names like here We have the present tense the future tense imperfect tense perfect tense and They're going to team up to form the tenses that you know So present and imperfect match up to form the present tense the present tense in the future in the imperfect line up to form the future tense and the past in the imperfect line up to form the imperfect tense And these are all actions going on in the present that are not done the future that are not done and the past that are not done But what about for action that's done. Well, if in the present it is done we call it Perfect and if it's complete in the future call it future perfect and if it's complete in the past we call it blue perfect Okay, now there's some interesting relationships between these You'll notice that each Tense pairs up with an imperfect and a perfect so Imperfect in blue perfect go together and for those of you who are working on sequence of tenses You should recognize that those two both go with the historical sequence and the present imperfect But and you should notice that those both go with the primary sequence and sequence of tenses primary sequence secondary sequence yuck well Let's do this again Because tenses line up another way and incidentally there's a third line up in lovely purple of future and future perfect and Those will go together to form the future more vivid for those of you studying um Condition so if future perfect then perfect so once this once this condition gets completed in the future Then the second one can happen, but more to the issue at hand is sequence of tenses so This green goes with the and the blue goes with the Historical so and I'm sorry. I'm going to loop Two colors here. Okay, all of the things that denote past action All go together so the imperfect the blue perfect and the perfect are all the historical sequence Which leaves our other three tenses? as I'm sorry for all the Different colors here, but we'll Try to work around that And these three tenses the present the future and the future perfect all go together to form the primary And for those of you who are nitpicky out there sometimes the perfect can also Be One of the primary tenses, but we're not going to worry about that right now. Okay Now these all when they're hooked up together they go through some sort of a conjunction happens Is that when you're in the primary sequence? You have like um, I am going to the store except of course we do it in Latin. So in McKellum in McKellum a oh Okay, so I'm going to the store, and I'm in my primary sequence so that I can buy milk. Okay, so in McKellum a oh oh Lock a marra post sim and I want to stay in the present tense on the other side of the utter the nay And again, the same is going to be true over here in the historical sequence. So if you're down in the historical sequence You come up to your conjunction and you come out on the other side So very handily we have three that form the first half of the Historical and then we have the imperfect and blue perfect that form the second half and Again, the primary tenses present future and future perfect on one side Then you go through the conjunction and then you come out with either present or perfect And that's a rough and ready explanation of the sequence of tenses in Latin There's more details to it, but rough and ready On the one side You start with your primary or historical tenses Which are the L shaped boxes and you go through your conjunction of the utter the nay and you come out on the other side in Subjunctive which are in the oval so blue L shape goes to blue oval and green L shape goes to green oval and hopefully that's a basic explanation