 Asexual reproduction, first the contents, definition of asexual reproduction, identical organisms are produced in asexual reproduction, methods of early life or reproduction, and examples of animals with asexual reproduction. So, first what is asexual reproduction? If we look at the word students first, A means without and sexual means sex. So, means it is a, the word of sex is used for male and female. So, in asexual, there is a method of asexual reproduction in which both male and female are not involved. In fact, it is a single organism where it is moving forward, reproducing. So, asexual reproduction is a method of reproduction in which there is no fusion of gametes. Different types of definitions can be made. The first definition is asexual reproduction is the method of reproduction in which there is no fusion of gametes. Fusion is a combination. The second definition is asexual reproduction is a method of reproduction in which only one sex is involved. One organism can reproduce, can continue its generation. So, third, we can say that asexual reproduction is the method of reproduction in which there is no process of fertilization. So, what is the output of asexual reproduction? Asexual reproduction is due to mitosis. So, the two methods of cell division are meiosis and mitosis. Now, in asexual, basically mitosis is involved. And the cells that are made in mitosis are identical. This means that there is an organism where asexual reproduction is made through mitosis. So, in this way, the young one will be identical to its parent. So, what will happen to the parent? It will be identical. So, when identical parents are there, there is no genetic recombination. There is no genetic recombination. There is no gene shuffling. And this is exactly because of which it will be copied. So, now, if there are genetically identical organisms, they will not have variability. They will be exactly the same. So, in this way, they will not get the variations in their features and traits. So, asexual reproduction was the only way of reproduction during early life. When life started on earth, it was about four billion years ago. Four billion years ago, when life started on earth, the method of reproduction of that time was asexual reproduction. And it was about two billion years ago. That is, if the first two billion years of life, the two Arab years, were reproduced by asexual reproduction through the same organisms. So, after two billion years, the method of sexual reproduction evolved and the animals started to reproduce asexually. So, after that, both asexual and sexual are present. Now, if we look at the evolution of life, the first two billion years, since asexual reproduction is going on, there is less diversity in asexual reproduction. There is less genetic variability. When genetic variability comes, the process of evolution will also be slow. So, when we look at the evolution of life, the first two billion years, the first two billion years, the evolutionary process of life is very slow. Then, when sexual reproduction came, the evolutionary process became fast. What are the examples of animals with asexual reproduction? If we look at asexual reproduction, we have the protozones. We have protozones like amoeba, paramecium, and then we have euglena, tetrahemina. We have unicellular organisms, and then we have the malaria parasite. This is also the protozones. So, when resources are available in protozones, they are reproduced by the asexual method. In a specific environment, they also reproduce asexually. Lower invertebrates, Hydra, jellyfish, obelia, even planaria, and many other starfish. Different types of animals, such as tapeworms, these invertebrates do reproduce. They have a potential for asexual reproduction. What do they do through asexual reproduction? Let's move on. It is important to remember that all the organisms we have mentioned, all the animals, they can reproduce by asexual and asexual reproduction. The asexual method is also present in them, and the asexual reproduction method is also present in them. So, from this, if we look at asexual reproduction, the lower invertebrates are more. The lower invertebrates, the lower invertebrates are the file of the beginning. File of protozones, porifera, sealant, rata. We will get more asexual reproduction in these files. While in the end files, arthropods, mollusks, we will get less asexual reproduction. Because the simpler the file, the greater the regeneration capability and the better it will be to reproduce asexual reproduction. Let's talk about types of asexual reproduction. In animals, there are four major types of asexual reproduction. First one, there is the fission. Fission comes up to divide. So, fission method. Second one is the budding. Third one is the fragmentation. And the fourth one is the parthenogenesis.