 Welcome, everybody. I'm really excited to be here with you today. This is an event that's part of the Open Publishing Fest, which we're really excited to participate in. I'm Steel Wagstaff, and I'm the Educational Product Manager for Pressbooks. And Pressbooks is an open source book publishing platform that lets people print, publish books to the web in lots of different export formats and make them available to readers in lots of different ways. So what I wanna talk about today and what I'm really excited to show is the kind of end-to-end process for creating an open access anthology of material that's in the public domain or that would be Creative Commons licensed. So my background comes from Ingos Literature. I get my PhD in American Literature. And I know there's a lot of other disciplines that are commonly taught in universities where the primary texts and the material that's taught is already in the public domain, meaning that it belongs to all of us. It's no longer protected by copyright. So for example, if you teach literature courses, many literature courses feature literature that was published before 1924, which is the kind of cutoff date for works in the United States, generally. It's also true of history courses or political science courses or law courses. There's a lot of subjects that are taught in the university where the primary texts and the objects of study are themselves in the public domain. And in all of those cases, what instructors may want to do is provide a low or no cost reader made up of primary texts for students to study. Previously, it was sometimes pretty difficult. You'd want to assign a text, but maybe the Dover Thrift Edition or something like that. It still had a cost for learners, even though the material's in the public domain because printing and distributing materials has a cost. But using digital tools like Pressbooks and other publishing platforms, you can now make totally free open access readers quite easily of material that's in the public domain. And I kind of want to show what that process looks like from end to end. So when I say quite easily, kind of what I mean by that. So I'm gonna start by sharing my screen and I wanna show you kind of one of the OG projects that are kind of anthologies of American literature. Robin DeRosa, who teaches at Plymouth State in New Hampshire, several years ago worked with a bunch of her undergraduate students and they were working to kind of build a replacement or a kind of comparable version to one of those large introductory American anthology, American Literature Anthologies. So when I went to school I bought the Norton, a big behemoth of a book that cost me a lot of money. And so Robin and her students built this open anthology of earlier American literature. And you can see that it has an introduction. It's got several sections on Native American texts and then it's got a section on Columbus, Cabez de la Vaca, and then it takes you through early American history and literature. If we were to jump into Thomas Payne, you could see it starts with a video about Thomas Payne that a student put together and then the next chapter is an introduction that another student wrote, has some images, it has some discussion questions. And then here's an excerpt from Thomas Payne's Common Sense, which is in the public domain. And the whole book was built like this. Robin later wrote a really nice story, kind of narrative talking about what her experience was like, putting this book together and working with students to make an open anthology and practicing open pedagogy. But let's say I want to start with this book. So I say, I really like this book that Robin and her students made. And I would like to bring it into my own instance of press books and do something with it. So the first thing that I would do here is I would come to any instance of press books that I have access to. So here we have a press books network and what I'm going to do is the press books cloning operation. You'd say clone a book. And I want to say, what's the source URL? So let's start with this American Literature Anthology. We'd add the URL here and we're going to start by saying, this is going to be called Steals Anthology. Steals Anthology of Open Literature. And then I'm going to say clone it. Now what's happening here is that this press books network here is going to this URL that where Robin's book is and says, do you have a book here that's public? And press books will say yes via its API. And then it will say, does this book have an open license? And if we looked at Robin's book, you'll see this was published under Creative Commons Attribution License. So it says yes. And then it says, okay, give me the book. And so it will start by cloning the entire book. It'll make an exact copy and allow me to edit, revise, adapt, remix, all of the kinds of permissions that I have with open licenses. So it's going through this process. There's a hundred and something chapters in this book. So it'll take about a minute. And you can see now I have an identical clone of Robin's book now available for me. So that's the first step. I look at this book here. You'll see in just a second that I have, if I visit this book, at this new Steel's Anthology URL, an exact copy of the book that Robin and her students made with all of the attributions and all of the content in place. The next thing I might want to do is to come into that book and clean it up or to do something different with it. Like I might decide, I don't actually want this section on Columbus. So I'm gonna trash this chapter, this introduction. I'm sorry student, that was great work you did, but it doesn't fit in my anthology. So I'm gonna trash that chapter. Gonna trash this chapter. And I'm going to then trash the section or the part that it's in. And I might decide, I actually want to do this. Glooscap went to England and France chapter a little bit earlier. So I'm gonna move this up and put it above the Pnebscot chapter. That's the order that I want this content to appear. The next thing I may want to do is to say, okay, now I've started with this book, but I also learned that Timothy Robbins has been overseeing this big project that took Robbins anthology and her student anthology and has totally improved it or made it bigger and added lots and lots of new chapters. I might say, let's take 10 chapters from this book. So I'll come in, I'll grab that URL. And here in the clone book, I'll then come to tools import. And we can bring content from lots of different sources into press books. Here in this case, I have an existing press books book. So I'm gonna choose this option here and tell it to import from the URL. At this point, I'm gonna say begin the import and what it will do is it will say, okay, I think I found another press books book with an open license. And it will show me all of the available content that I could bring in. So here I'm gonna say, I actually really like this section on pre-contact. And I want that section and all of those chapters. I'll leave the Columbus one that I have, but or I don't want Columbus. I want everything but Columbus, okay. And I'll say, here's the only piece of content that I want from this book is this part and these chapters. I'll come down to the bottom and I'll say, okay, I'm ready to go. Let's import this into my existing book. So you can see we're doing a kind of a hybrid method here where we started with a pure clone and now we're importing from another source. So we're making a remix. This process is very similar to the one you saw. So take me a few seconds to go to that web URL and grab that content. And now you'll see, okay, there's this brand new section that I just brought in, which will be probably at the bottom or the pre-contact, contact and colonization. And here are the chapters that I just cloned from that other book. And you'll notice they came in with all of their attribution and licenses preserved. And that's the kind of first step in remixing a book. The next thing that I may wanna do is I may wanna say, okay, so I brought in content from this press book. Now I found yet another book and this book is cool because this is actually, if I wanted to do a bilingual anthology, clearly not everybody who was writing American literature was writing it in English. There have been people on this continent writing in indigenous languages and telling stories in indigenous languages. And there were for many years people on this continent who were writing and telling stories in French and Spanish to other prominent colonial languages on the continent. And here there's a professor at the University of Oklahoma who's also made a very cool anthology of Hispanic literature. Here this book has been published with press books and has an open Creative Commons license. So I could have used the same method there previously but there's another option too, which would be let's download the XML file. They've made the XML file available and I'll show you what an XML import looks like if you have an XML file. What's nice about this is that this will work for both WordPress websites that produce XML exports as well as press books since press books is built on WordPress. So I can come back here and here I'm gonna choose the import XML option. And here I'll select press books, XML. I'm gonna select the file that I just downloaded. So I've selected that XML file and when I begin the import a very similar routine will come on for me. I'll say, okay, what do you wanna bring in here? And here I'm gonna say I'd like to bring in the section on Sorawani and his developers. So bring in that part and those three chapters. So those are the pieces of content I'm bringing in here. Again, the routine and the process is pretty similar. So I've just built the text out of a bunch of open press books, books that I found. At this point we may say, okay, this is really cool. The other thing that I wanted to show is a lot of very interesting examples for what's possible and what you can make. Instead of it just being just a text project, this is one of my favorite projects that I've ever seen. So this has been largely built by Naomi Salmon. And Naomi Salmon was a graduate student of mine when I was at the University of Wisconsin, a friend and a colleague. She wrote her PhD in 19th century English literature. And as one of the projects she's working on, there's this novel called The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins. When it was published, it was initially published in installments as a serial in a series of newspapers. And so Naomi is building this open critical edition of the Wilkie Collins novel and printing it as it would have been printed in this book for the installment readers. So here you'll jump in and you'll say, okay, here's the first installment. She gives you some context. She's added a big H5P activity with annotated to help kind of explain what you're seeing when you read this image. And you say, okay, this is how this works. Let's go to the next chapter and we'll see the very first installment of The Woman in White. And you're reading it as it would have been presented to you in the newspaper. The next thing that she does is she's turned on this tool called Hypothesis. It's an annotation tool. And this is built into press books. So you can do open annotation. This is an annotation that anyone in the world could view and read and you could build annotation into this type. So let's say I wanna do something like that in my book. Naomi also has written, I wanna highlight this. Her dissertation was about re-envisioning how people can democratically participate in 19th century studies. And she's thinking about open access and public domain texts as a key part of that. I think Naomi's brilliant and I love the work she's doing. I think you may find it inspiring too. So let me drop this in the chat before I get too much further. If you also wanna follow along, she's also started a very cool Twitter project called the 19th century open pedagogy project, which is kind of highlighting some of these practices and how people can get more involved in reading, discussing, engaging with public domain literature, kind of our cultural heritage. And she has a really cool community that she's built on Rebus Community all around this project. And so here is where she can talk about what are the next things that we're gonna do? We're gonna build some ancillaries, we're looking for editors, and they're in the peer review and feedback stage of that project that anyone in the world can join and participate in. So some ideas for how you might wanna do this if you're building a collaborative anthology. This was the same method that earlier open anthology of American literature used when Tim Robbins was remixing and improving the initial text that Robyn Derose and her students. Okay, so to turn on hypothesis, let's go back to where I was at. Let's say, oh, in this book, here's an example of a cool literature activity that I built. So I'm teaching a poem by Lorraine Niediker. It's got all of these annotations and all of this cool stuff in it. Let's clone this and put it in my anthology as well. So we'll come in and we'll say tools import. We'll make this another URL import and it will find this chapter and ask me what I wanna bring in. So when I clone it, you'll notice a couple of differences. When you first clone something, press books will bring in all of the content that was there, the text boxes, the glossary terms, the H5P quiz questions, except you'll notice that in the original, I had all of these great annotations and the annotations don't automatically clone when I clone a chapter because annotations will be anchored to this URL. So the first thing I wanna do is first turn on the annotation capabilities. In a book, you can do that very simply by coming to settings, hypothesis and then decide where do I want people to be able to use the hypothesis annotation client? In this case, I'll say they can use it in parts, chapters, front matter, back matter, or you could get really granular, but I'm just gonna go very generic. So now I come back to my anthology and now when you visit this anthology and view when I open this chapter, if I were to select some text, you would see this annotation client pop up. So anybody in the world can view or make annotations now without having to install additional software. It's just built into the textbook project. The problem though is the original, I had already made all these cool annotations. They live on this book, but they don't yet live on this book. What's really neat about hypothesis is just like press books, it's an open source project and it has an API and a bunch of tools that allow you to clone and migrate things. So one thing that has been done, John Udell, whose works at hypothesis has built a bunch of different tools to help you do cool things with annotation. And one of them is a copy annotations tool. So I'll drop this link in here so you can have it if you wanna try it at home. But what I'll do here is I'll say, okay, I've already logged in as myself as a user and I'm gonna say what's the source domain that I wanna grab these annotations from? Well, here's the original book and where do I wanna put them? I wanna put them on my new book. And I wanna take only the annotations that are in the public layer, though I could get any private group. So with annotations, you can make them in public or you could put them in a private group. So if I were to log in, you could see, I have an English class and I could have private annotations here. I could have copied just the private annotations. But in this case, I'll say, let's just get the public ones. Let's move them to the public and let's do 25 at a time. Let's check my settings. It's gonna let me review the annotations. Let's copy them. It's fetching. It found 17 annotations. It's copying them over. And now it's gonna say, check results. Let's view this book. So this newly cloned book you'll now notice. I did it right. Here are 17 annotations. I moved them from this book over to this book. So even if you have annotations and other kind of rich text that you have made that you wanna move over, individual users can copy their notes when the book moves or gets cloned or remixed. The remix can have a lot of the work and energy and effort that you put into this. So far I've mainly focused on getting content out of press books. But if you know your teaching material in the public domain, a lot of times you're finding it in the public domain and you're figuring out how do I bring it to press books. One really common way would be, for example, I'm here at Project Gutenberg. In that Nita Karpom, she's writing about a Native American leader named Blackhawk, who was involved in the Blackhawk War in the 19th century in Wisconsin. And Blackhawk went on to write an autobiography or have it ghost written. Maybe I wanna include this book or an excerpt from this book in my anthology. I found it here at Project Gutenberg and I've got a couple of options. One, Project Gutenberg is giving me the EPUB. And the EPUB is great because an EPUB file is basically just a zip file with a bunch of HTML documents in it and a manifest that says where everything lives. So I'm gonna download this EPUB from Project Gutenberg. Now I'll come back to press books. I'll come back to my admin interface. And here I'll say settings, or sorry, tools, import. And I'm gonna bring in an EPUB at this point. So let's choose the file I just downloaded and we'll begin importing it. So what Pressbooks has done is it said, okay, you gave me an EPUB. The EPUB told me it had these chapters. Which ones do you want to bring in? And I'll say let's bring in the first two sections and let's take a look at them. So I've just imported two chapters of Blackhawk's autobiography from Project Gutenberg. And often when I bring in content from other sources, we'll then need to take a look at it and do some cleanup. So here you can see there's a bunch of prefatory material that I can just select and delete. Here's the autobiography, the title page, copyright page and after David and then agency. And then they've included their internal table of contents. I may want to delete that. And we'll say here's the original dedication. It looks cool. And then here's a translation that's provided in English. It's looking good. And what this book has been doing is it's been putting several chapters kind of all in one chapter. So I might say, you know, actually I want to do this a little differently. Let me select this whole chapter and move it to a new chapter. So I'm gonna select this and copy and exit it. I'll save this as the prefatory material. And then I'm gonna say add a new chapter. And I'll just paste the other stuff that I got from the chapter. It's called autobiography of Blackhawk. So I'll call this autobiography of Blackhawk. And I've made a new chapter here. And I could continue cleaning up content and making sure that it looked the way I wanted it to look. I'm gonna give it a preview and see how did this chapter look? This looks pretty good. This came in directly from Project Gutenberg and the EPUB is just text. It looks pretty well-formatted. And if I needed to, I could just select something and say annotate. Let's check on the spelling of Nama Key here. Is that correct? So I could leave a proof reading note and I could put it in a, let's put it in my editorial layer. So me and some students or whoever's working on this text together could build annotations and could work on the editorial, the cleanup process, et cetera. Another kind of common task might be, let's say I'm at Project Gutenberg and I have a poem. Now poems are really difficult to typeset and format on the web. So here's an example of a poem from Gene Tumer from his novel Cain where you can see the second and third lines of each stanza have been indented. I'm gonna grab this poem from the HTML file and I'm gonna make a new chapter. And I know the poem was called Georgia Dusk. So I'll say Georgia Dusk is the name of the chapter and I'll paste it. And as you know, as I pasted it, it lost all the formatting here. So what I'll do is I'll say let's create this and then take a look a bit closer. One thing you'll notice is if I switch over to the text editor, when I brought it in, it brought in all of these extra divs. So the way that they were styling it was with a ton of divs. That's not generally really great. So let's turn this back on and instead of pasting that, there's a feature here where I can just do, let's paste this plain text. So I'll come back in and I'll just grab this content here, the same thing, and I'm going to paste it again and this time it's just plain text. So that's a good first step. So if I look at this, it's just plain text. I can turn that paste element off and I've got this poem as a bunch of plain text. The next thing I would do is I'd say, okay, let's make stanzas. So I come back through and I make some entries. Okay, this is looking better and I'm going to save this. Now, when it comes to lineation and line breaks, poetry is real difficult. So if I were to enter, let's say five spaces and save this, what's probably going to happen is the editor is going to strip those out and say, I'm sorry, you didn't actually make spaces as you intended. So there's a couple of ways that you can handle this either you can insert what's called a non-breaking space character. In this case, it'd be non-breaking space. You can add one here. Or I could also come in this text and I could say, let's wrap this whole thing in what's called a pre-element. Pre-element's really nice to know about when you're doing poetry because it means pre-formatted text. And then when I enter spaces, it will preserve them after the document's saved. So I'll say, let's go pre, let's turn this into a pre-formatted document. And I will respect GeneTumor's original lineation for this column. So now when I save this, rather than those spaces being removed, when I load this chapter, you'll see, oh look, all of those spaces match the spaces entered as I could see them here in the original document. The document's going to look a little bit strange because the pre-formatting has its own style but I can change that later with CSS and I'm happy to show that in more detail if you want. So this is at a glance, like how you could get content from an HTML document, how you get it from an EPUB document, how you found internet stuff that's available on the web. The other thing that I could do is I could say, oh look, here's the Wikipedia article about this novel. So I'm gonna grab these two paragraphs. This is open in license because it's in Wikipedia. I could come back in and I could add a little section here in the chapter where I go say about cane and make this a heading and I'll paste this in and I'll put a little line break and I could give attribution now. So in this case, the author of this piece here is Gene Tumor. So I'm gonna create a new contributor and I'm gonna say Gene Tumor and I'll add Gene Tumor as a contributor. Now when I come back to the chapter, I can say the chapter's author is Gene Tumor and this is in the public domain. So let's save this and view the chapter now and you'll see Georgia Dusk, Gene Tumor and here's the poem. So you can see a little bit here. This work, Georgia Dusk by Gene Tumor is free of known copyright restrictions, which is true because it was published before 19, it was published in 1993 actually. The next thing I wanna do is okay, this is cool, the novel cane. I found this really cool, Gene's Gil Scott Heron has a song all about the novel cane recorded in 1978, you know I like it. I might want students to know a little bit about this and see how this is influenced pop culture or African-American vernacular culture in the 70s. So I could take this YouTube video and I probably don't wanna put it in the main body of the text, but I might wanna say, let's make an annotation here. So annotate and I'll say, check out this cane inspired song from Gil Scott Heron. And let's put this in the public layer and then I'll paste that URL posted to the public. And you can see now I've got an annotation here where the video has been included in that annotation. And I might wanna say, hey students, instead of just reading this, I wanna send you directly to this annotation. So I copy this URL, I close this window, I open, I send someone this link, they open it in a new window or they open it if you wanted to go directly to this place. Let me make sure that the book is public, but that link should take you to the location for this particular URL and open up that annotation and you'll be able to see it in context and show you for the book itself from the organized screen, you can toggle the book from private to public. Let's say I've done peer review and I'm ready to make this whole book public. This anthology that URL should now be clickable and you can visit this on the open web. You could decide, hey, this chapter's not ready. So let's take it out of the public web version. It's not gonna be shown in the web, it's only gonna be shown to login users. So this way you could have a work in progress, you could have some public chapters while you're preparing others for publication in the same book at the same time. I'm gonna pause for a second and I'm gonna look at the chat. I know that some stuff has come in that I probably missed. Okay, so earlier in the chat, Luann asked, are annotations no longer tied to the older URL? Okay, so when I did the copy annotation task, those old annotations remained there, but what I did was I said, okay, find those old annotations which have specific anchors and bring them to this new URL and their hypothesis will try to find the matching strings. Now, if I had tried to copy those annotations to underlying text that was totally different, hypothesis would say, oh, we don't know where to put these annotations, they don't have anywhere to anchor, and so they would become page notes. So if, for example, you have a chapter where the annotation can't be anchored, so here in this particular case, we have both annotations which are anchored on specific texts, like in the case of Nidiker, the case of Nugus, or you can have what they call general page notes. So I could make a page note which is just, this activity is about a poem by Nidiker. Now, if I were to remove, if I were to edit the underlying text, so let's go ahead and edit the underlying text, and let's say I remove this whole half part of this sentence, these two annotations, Jonathan Williams and Deidre Montgomery, will become orphaned, let's remove this part of the sentence from my original. Clearly those specific anchored annotations will have nowhere to go, and so you'll see, oh, the annotations for the chapter are still here, but you'll see there's an orphan. We don't know where to put this one. What should I do with this orphan? So that's a little bit about how annotations work, so either this play as orphans or as page notes is my understanding for what happens there. The next thing that I wanna show is, in addition to being able to import content from EPUBs, there's a couple other ways that you can get content in. So one common way would be to say, look, I've found a really great public resource that's open and licensed on the web, but it's not in press books. So for example, there's a really terrific textbook about American history that's in the CC license called the American Yop. And so I'm gonna take this chapter about democracy in America, and I'm gonna import this into press books. So the method here, I'd be, oh, it's a webpage. So I will say import from URL, and I will give it that URL. Press books will say, okay, we're gonna try to see if we can parse that chapter. We can, and we'll say, let's import this into my book. So you can see that I just imported something from another website that had a Creative Commons license, and I've just brought this into press books, and we'll say, here's the Democracy in America chapter, and you'll notice, okay, the image didn't come in, so I need to manually get this image. Let's save this image to my computer. It has a little, wanna make sure I keep the attribution, so I'll come in and we'll edit this chapter, and here we'll say, add media, bring this image in. So hopefully that just fixed it, and then you can see there's a bunch of other content in this chapter. I can revise it, I can clean it up, I can do other things with it, but that chapter and all of its footnotes and all of the other links and things came into press books and looked like they're gonna display pretty nice. I can change the image size and do other things with it, but so far, so good, I've got a chapter that more or less matches what that open chapter was there. Another really common way of bringing content in is to work from Word documents. For example, many works will be in the public domain, but you may only have a PDF of them. So for example, if I went to HathiTrust and I found a novel that I really liked, HathiTrust might give me a PDF of this open source work. And I'd say, thank you for the PDF, it's a nice scan of the book. I might have to OCR that PDF to do optical care recognition and try to extract the text. So maybe I put it into a Word document and I clean it up and get it ready. If I have a Word document, I can also import that into press books. Here is a Word document, a Word processing document. In the text, there's a heading that's been giving a heading one and there's a chapter. And you can see we have some short codes and other things that press books will format. And then you come down a bit further. And here I have some text from Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis, which was also published early enough that it's in the public domain. Here's another chapter, there's more content here. Here's a third chapter with a heading. When I bring this Word document into press books, press books will try to parse those and recognize them as separate chapters. So here I'm gonna select the file that I want. It should be called the chapter import file and we'll say begin import. So here, just as you saw over here, it was chapter one, Gregor and his sister, et cetera. That's what press books thinks it's found as chapters. And I'm gonna say, let's bring those in as well. So you can see importing from Word works really smoothly and really quickly and very effectively as well. So here when I view this chapter, you'll see, okay, I've brought in headings. In the initial document, I use some short codes to make these headings. So as long as I said, oh, I make that a subheading and then you could say I created a footnote using the footnote short code. I made another heading, I made a block quote, I made a text box, I made a subheading and I even made columns. And you'll see all of those things have been created as native kind of press books elements simply from a Word document here. You'll also notice that I brought in many chapters at once, so here's another chapter from Kafka. That all looks pretty clean and pretty good. Here's another chapter from Kafka's book, looks clean and good. And then here's the last chapter that I brought in. So ultimately bringing content in can be done in a lot of different ways, a lot of different methods. Hopefully what you're seeing is something that will work for the situation that you're imagining or your instructors are imagining doing. You can bring content in from Word documents, you can bring content in from EPUBs, you can bring content in from websites and you can definitely bring in content from XML or from other press books instances that live in the wild and in the world. And you can combine all of those into like a really delicious anthology mashup fairly quickly. Now I wanna show you a little bit about what press books makes possible in terms of taking this text and giving you presentation and export options. So if we jump back into the press books interface, you'll see here in the back end, I've shown you just a little bit of the back end, you have this organized screen where you have your table of contents and can move content around and decide whether it's included in the web or included in the exports or not from this menu. You also have the ability to enter a bunch of metadata for book info. But what I wanna focus on is the appearance piece. So when you come into a press books network, you'll see that there are a number of book themes. This will control the look and feel of the book in the web book and then your EPUB and PDF exports. By default, I'm using the McLuhan theme. But suppose in this case that I really actually prefer the Adunis theme. So I'm gonna activate this and you will notice the appearance of my book will change significantly. Previously, the typefaces were one way and now they're a whole different set of typefaces with different sizes and styles. I just changed that by changing the theme. Within a theme, I also have a bunch of other options. So I might wanna turn off part and chapter numbers, but I might wanna put a two-level table of contents and I might wanna add script support for biblical Hebrew and ancient Greek if there's material in those languages in my book. I may wanna display all the section licenses in the table of contents and I can choose some customized colors if I'm using the text boxes in this chapter or this book. So I've just changed some of the general options and then there's gonna be some web-specific options. Let's make this book a little bit wider and let's change it so that paragraphs are indented. What you'll notice here when I reload is that the page will get a bit wider and paragraphs will now be indented. So you just change the appearance just by changing some of those settings. And you'll now notice that any chapter that has multiple H1s will now have a bunch of subsections automatically created in the chapter. So I just made a new table of contents with subsections which was really nice for making this book have a kind of deeper table of contents just by changing some of those global and web options. The real powerful tool though is the PDF options because if I'm imagining making this as a print text I don't know in design really well. So making a good looking print book is hard unless you know design school. So we try to give you some very easy to use tools here that allow you to customize the appearance of your book. So I'm gonna change the font size to 11 point I'm gonna change the body line height to 1.35 and rather than having this be a small digest book I want the print book to be a US letter size. So I'll change the size of the print export and I'm gonna leave my margins. Let's actually make them 1.5 centimeters. Oh, let's say two centimeters because that's telling me what I need to have otherwise it'll get rejected. Two centimeters, two centimeters, two centimeters. I'm gonna turn hyphenation on for this book. In the print book I wanna indent paragraphs. I want no blank pages. I do want a table of contents and rather than footnotes I want them to be chapter end notes. And then I can customize the running header and footer if I want to. So I'll display on the left side I'll put the book author for the front matter and then for the chapters themselves I'm gonna put the chapter author as the running header and the chapter title as the running header on the left and I'm sorry, on the left page, what am I doing? Okay, chapter author, chapter title, that's what I want. Once I'm ready, I can come in and say let's actually configure the look and feel this book even further. So I can add custom CSS to control the web book, the ebook or the PDF. In this case I don't wanna make any customizations but I could do that here. And then I'll come to the export page. Here what I wanna make are two exports. I wanna make a print PDF and an EPUB. So I click this button and press books will take this huge book with a hundred and something chapters and turn it into an EPUB and then it's gonna take a huge book and make it into a very large PDF. I'm expecting this to be hundreds of pages. You'll notice that we support a bunch of different export formats. So you can decide what format you want this book to be available for offline access and make it in that format and generally it will just produce without plus without error. I didn't do a ton of cleanup on this book so there may be a couple of export validation errors or there are. I could look at the logs and clean those up but the exports produce without error so let's look at the EPUB or the PDF first. This is a big PDF and you'll notice I just made a 543 page print book and it looks pretty nice. Here's my table of contents. It's big, it's a big book. Table of contents runs on for many pages and then inside the book here are the various chapters. So I made them as end notes so you'll notice that at the end of this chapter here are my end notes. Obviously in a print book if you had videos or interactive content it will tell you we couldn't, you put the interactive content in a print book but here's where you could find it on the web and it will give you a link and a placeholder. In the case of a video it'll give you an image placeholder. In the case of interactive content it will say there was a quiz or a media element you can find it at the URL. The last thing that you may wanna do is if this is truly an open text we can come into the sharing and privacy setting and say yes, I want the most recent export files to be available from the book's website. Now when I visit my homepage you will see that anyone in the world so let's log out. I'm no longer logged out, I just come to this URL, you can find and download the EPUB and the PDF or any other export format you wanna make available for your book. Which makes this book accessible to people without reliable internet connections, it makes the book portable and it makes it really a durable, preserved open access resource as well as a fully interactive, interesting web resource with annotation built in. And that's kind of the end-to-end process for finding content, building an open anthology, changing its style and appearance and then exporting and sharing those files freely. If you wanted to make this available for print-on-demand I could take that PDF that I've made or the EPUB and submit it to anybody that sells print books or ebooks either a print-on-demand or through a web service. And then if I come to the published URL I could say, oh okay, I set up this with, I don't know, Ingram Spark and it's a self-published service where you can buy a print-on-demand copy or I set it up for Amazon. If you put the URL of the, let's just put a fake URL here and let's say that was the URL you could go to buy this book. Now, when I visit the web home book you'll see there's a link that says buy the book. And here it will show me where I could purchase the print-on-demand or the print copy of this book at whatever price I had set. So I might sell it at cost. I might say, oh, it's $7 to buy this print anthology and you could buy it directly from a print-on-demand service or a URL. Maybe it's your library bookstore or someplace that you can buy this book and print. You can add those links and make it available for purchase as a print artifact there. And that in a 50-something minute nutshell is the end-to-end stuff that I wanted to show about press books and open source, or open access public domain anthologies. I'll pause there and look to see if there's anything else in the chat or other questions and we can get into wherever you want. Valerie asked, how hard would it be to put that on Amazon as self-published? Make it available as free on Kindle? Not very hard. There are people that do that pretty regularly. So it's really up to you. I don't know what the Amazon rules are for whether you can give it away for free or whether you have to charge a nominal fee. I think you can do free Kindle stuff but that's between you and Amazon. If you wanna sell it in the Amazon store it has to be the Amazon Mobi file format. So let me go back and share the screen. Mobis are basically proprietary EPUBs. I don't wanna be too dismissive of it but so when you make your export to do the Amazon version you'd have to click the Mobi file and that's what Amazon will expect from you. If you wanted to do a print on demand service like IngramSpark or Lulu you'd need to give them the print PDF. And generally our print PDFs if you've input the HTML correctly are gonna be print and sellable ready. You can either purchase a bunch of copies yourself and distribute them however you want or make it available as print on demand whatever terms they give you as the print on demand provider. That's fairly common and there's a bunch of resources about that in our various guides. The question was do you have tips for importing from OpenStacks? This is kind of a complicated question. So historically OpenStacks, first context. OpenStacks is a leading publisher of very well produced professional openly licensed textbooks in introductory disciplines. So they have something like 40, really outstanding, maybe 50, I don't know how many they have now but really great like full color, professionally done openly licensed textbooks in introductory college subjects. They use, historically they've used their own software that's called CNX Connections and they use that as their publishing backend and then they would produce zip files or PDFs for people to ingest. There was at one time a plugin that would allow you to import the OpenStacks zip files and try to import them into press books. It was not something that we had built, it was something someone had built from our open source community and when that person, when the author of that plugin left his job at BC campus, the plugin was no longer maintained and is now deprecated. So some people use that in their development environments to bring stuff in from zip files and then spent a lot of time cleaning it up. Right now, I'm aware of probably 35 to 40 books that had been brought into press books in that way and that now live in press books. BC campus has done several dozen of them. I know that there's Jim Paradiso at Central Florida has done a couple more. Some people like Assuni and other of the New York schools have done a few more. So they exist in the press books ecosystem already as press books books that other people have imported. I would really strongly recommend finding one of those existing OpenStacks imports and just copying and cloning that. It'll save you tons of time. If there's a specific one you're looking for, you can probably ask on our community forum whether somebody has done it or you could do a kind of search to find OpenStacks X title of press books and that would be how I would get it in. The, there's a couple of other options for doing this but the big news in the OpenStacks world is they just announced a few months ago that they're gonna be releasing all of their titles as Google Docs. So once it's released as a Google Doc, it will be much, much easier for us to bring it into press books because you could use the word, you could turn Google Doc into a word document and import it and we are also looking into and working on a direct Google Docs import method or routine. When OpenStacks releases their library then that would be even more attractive for us as a feature. So it's something we're thinking about and we'll be looking at it more closely this summer. I was a long winded answer to your question, hopefully that got to where you wanted to go somewhere. Jared asked in the chat, do you have any recommendations for OCR software? Yeah, that's a great question. There's a couple of different tools. So it depends on your level of comfort and familiarity with the command line interface. For me now I use, I run a Ubuntu open source desktop operating system and I'm trying to learn more and more about open source software. And so I would use one of the command line interface tools that you can run basically OCR utility on a PDF from the command line and you can Google and search for kind of what, which one you prefer and you think works best. If you aren't really like that way inclined, which I wasn't until very recently, probably the best tool would be Adobe Acrobat Professional. So Adobe makes a really nice PDF reader and the Acrobat tool is a PDF creator tool. Acrobat Pro, and maybe even Acrobat Reader has a very nice OCR conversion tool built in. And so when you can scan a document and turn a scanned document in, and you can optical character recognize the words or the strings in that document. Depending on the quality of the scan, you can get very high accuracy on those OCRs and usually you can tweak and toggle the settings to get it right where you want it to go. Within Acrobat Professional, there's also a tool that will let you export or save the PDF document as a rich text file. And so I've done that on a number of occasions. So we, for example, there was a book that had been, when I was at Wisconsin, there was a book that had been published about the history of the University of Wisconsin system. The book was out of print, the publisher was defunct and the author wanted to release it open access but only had a print copy of the book. So they mailed the print copy of the book to us and it was actually Naomi Salmon who was my graduate assistant at the time. She went up and we scanned the book page by page. We brought the scan into Adobe Acrobat. We OCR'd the whole thing. We turned the document into a Google doc and then we cleaned it up and then we made it a Word doc and imported into Pressbooks. It took us a couple of weeks and a lot of labor but in the process we learned a lot about how to do this more effectively and efficiently. And I believe that Naomi has written about it or is writing about it currently in one of the links that I shared earlier, recommendations for the kind of turning a PDF or a scanned PDF into usable machine-readable text. It's a big question and big issue and a lot of times the public domain text you find will just be PDFs. And sometimes they'll just be scanned PDFs with very poor OCR. So the kind of textual quality and cleanup is a big part of what's entailed with making an anthology. Again, thanks everyone for your time and attention. We appreciate all that you're doing to support open education wherever you're at. If you have any questions about how Pressbooks could help support your open publishing initiatives or how you can make the cultural heritage that belongs to all of us more accessible to more, please do let us know. I can be reached at steal at pressbooks.com or you can probably contact us through our website. Thanks for your time and attention and hope you all have a lovely rest of the week.