 The emergence of novel variants of SARS-CoV-2 has created new challenges in the diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development of the virus. Nucleic acid-based antigen and immuno-assay-based and antibody-based tests have been developed to detect the virus quickly and efficiently. Additionally, novel antivirals and immunomodulators have been developed to treat the virus, as well as SARS-CoV-2 targeted vaccines. Vaccine platforms vary widely, with different immune responses elicited by each one. Post-vaccination infections have also been studied, and the ability of these vaccines to protect against such infections has been evaluated. This article was authored by Queenie Fernandez, Virgies-Philippos in Chicality, Mesa-Lown-Mahe, and others.