 The study explores the relationship between urban infrastructures, public health, and household-related emissions in India, finding that non-motorized transport may be a sweet spot for development as it is associated with lower emissions and better public health in cities. Urbanization and improved access to basic services correlate with lower short-term morbidity and promoting energy-efficient mobility systems could lower chronic conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases while abating emissions. The study provides empirical evidence that energy-efficient and sustainable urbanization can address both public health and climate change challenges simultaneously. This article was authored by Sohail Ahmed, Shona Lipeshwari, and Felix Kreuzig.