 Good afternoon everybody and thank you for joining us here in the room and on the live stream and Especially here on the panel you see we have a we have a full panel today because we will be talking about a very important Subject in the context of the annual meeting of the World Economic Forum here in Davos The question that we're trying to answer with this expert panel today is how can we reduce food waste and food loss? and I'll leave it to my panelists to explain what the specific angle is under which we're discussing it But before we we go to the subject matter. Let me quickly Introduce our fantastic panel today to you today. Do my immediate left. I'm joined by Judith Rodin She is the director of the Rockefeller Foundation Next to her we're joined by Sam Kass who's he's joining us from the US Who's a nutritionist and an expert on them on the matter of food right in the center of the panel? We're pleased to be joined by President Addisina of the African Development Bank Further down the line. We're joined by Sunny Dengote from Dengote group. He's the vice president and Last but definitely not least we're joined by Paul Volker the CEO of Nestle here today and Still is somewhat hidden and who will be joining us later is James Quincy Who's the COO of Coca-Cola company? Thank you all for joining us without further ado Judith I know you're here to launch a wonderful initiative. It's called yield wise. Tell us about yield wise What is the initiative about what are you trying to accomplish with it? Thank you There's a million a trillion dollar Crisis I would say quietly brewing without the same level of anguish that we often place on other Important issues that we discuss at Davos every year This crisis is happening in the cassava fields of Nigeria in the rice patties of Indonesia and in the grain fields of the United States Just to name a few You can picture these fields in your minds, right? Now imagine that one-third of everything they grow is tossed directly into garbage cans or Rots just yards from where they once grew that is the state of our global food supply chain in 2016 if you run businesses Imagine if one of your managers came to you and said that one-third of everything you managed was defective Or perhaps they just misplaced a third of the inventory that you plan to sell I've served on enough corporate boards to know that that answer probably involves somebody getting reacquainted with the job market But for too long that's been the state of affairs in our global food system We've accepted it with unspeakably harmful implications for people for planet and for profit all of the food lost between Farm and table could feed the 1.2 billion people hungry or malnourished in the world over the next two months and It's even more pressing that we fix this leak as the earth's population is expected to expand to two billion more people and It's not just the people. It's the planet a quarter of all fresh water and a fifth of all farmland Is wasted on un-consumed food? Put another way a staggering 66 trillion gallons of water is wasted every year on food that has never eaten That is more than is currently consumed by the entire Chinese energy sector, which we spend a lot of time bringing our hands over Finally, there's an enormous and until now mostly hidden impact on corporate profits Every year food loss and waste cost the global economy more than the combined 2015 profits of all of the fortune 500 companies An all-inclusive problem like this calls for all-inclusive solutions The Rockefeller Foundation's history compels us to be part of the solution Our involvement in the field of our of agriculture goes back almost a century beginning with the green revolution in the 1940s We now more recently have funded agra the alliance for green revolution in Africa To continue working to achieve a full green revolution worldwide But we'll never realize the full impact of advancements in crop yields Until we no longer accept loss and waste as an unavoidable part of the system that delivers our food That is why the Rockefeller Foundation with our wonderful partners is Launching yield wise. It is a hundred and thirty million dollar initiative that will work with private public and non-profit Participants in the food industry and across the supply chain To prove that we can slash global food loss and waste by one half Just imagine by one half We think we can achieve this goal by thinking systemically to address the challenge The now familiar problem of post consumer waste in industrialized nations, which I know Sam will talk about as well as the massive hidden post harvest loss issue in the developing world If we expand access to proven simple technologies and form connections Between global corporations such as those represented here and smallholder farmers We can change fundamentally the way food is produced and distributed While other programs may look for single areas for intervention Yield wise is the first effort to span the entire global food supply chain We're starting our work in sub Saharan Africa We're up to half of some crops are lost to insufficient and inefficient Harvesting storage and processing Getting farmers access to new technologies and financing for those technologies like mobile processing units or Hermetic cocoons could fundamentally extend the short shelf life of many of the foods that now go rotting And increase the profits for so many of these individual farmers in due course Local and regional economies could be transformed With private sector players as key partners Yield wise will also focus on linking local small and large businesses That can mutually benefit for more diversified sources for products and for enhanced markets Let me give you just a quick example of a win-win Last year I visited a group of smallholder mango farmers in Kenya These farmers typically lack even the simplest technologies for handling processing and storage to keep their mangoes from spoiling Now working with new sourcers new anchor buyers such as coca-cola one of our great Partners in this effort as well as local companies Farmers are enabled to process and store more effectively And prepare their crops more to the buyer's specification Giving them higher certainty of outcomes and greater profitability in secured markets While reducing the occurrence of waste While we're focusing our work in Africa initially We are also making large targeted investments in industrialized countries Where 40 percent of food waste happens at the retail and consumer level In addition to private sector partners the public sector also has a great role to play Through the un sustainable development goals governments have pledged to cut food loss and waste in half by 2030 To meet this we'll need to reform exports and other government policies that promote Mutual economic growth We're pleased to be joining a global coalition of of leaders Committed to acting on sdg 12.3 and you'll hear more about that in a moment We must fix how we use source and consume the earth's bounty. We cannot afford this broken system anymore We can dramatically reduce waste and spoilage with transformative impacts on people Planets and on profits. Thank you. Thank you very much Judith Let me jump all the way down to the other end of the panel paul I have two questions for you. Number one as the CEO of nesla you're overlooking A huge number of complex supply chains and I would like to hear from you How do you aim to reduce loss along those supply chains and the second question is I understand you're you're working very closely with the rocker fella foundation on an initiative called champions 12.3 Which is referring to to the sustainable development goal At 12.3, which is seeking to cut the global food loss and waste in half by 2030 Please First of all, good afternoon ladies and gentlemen. It's a it's a pleasure to be here and to join Dr. Judy the rodin And the rocker fella formation in this initiative, I would say And to participate in this press conference. Look, I'm actually here to announce the formation of champions 12.3, which is linked with the The development goals the sustainable development goals. It's a coalition coalition of 30 for the time being 30 global leaders that are Committing themselves to to that inspiring ambition of reducing waste food waste and and to also mobilize into action And to accelerate the progress that has already been made but put it under one. I would say Roof and one name To towards achieving this a very important 12.3 Goal of the sustainable development goals, which is Linked with no hunger At the end of the day enough quality food It is the 12.3 calls for cutting in half the food waste at the retailer and consumer level and reducing also food losses Along the production and supply chains by 2030 So it's the integrated supply chain reduce waste and you heard it one third Of waste is lost one third of waste is lost in the developing countries in the fields And more in the developed countries in the kitchen So and what's so inviting about this initiative? And what are the champions of 12.3 already? Motivating is that it is so easy to reduce it dramatically. We always speaking about Increasing food production. We always increasing more Instead of also thinking about something which is low-hanging food that is reducing waste in the in the system The the challenges 12.3 are CEOs like like I am of a company of other companies that are sharing this government ministers executives of non-governmental institution research institutions foundations a farmer organization civil Society group you see all people who do have Something to do in the supply chain of food The full list is in your handouts and I would say this is the beginning and And actually we do this press conference to just make them more interested people aware of this I'm proud to be a member of this and I have mentioned the Nestle my company Has already done quite a bit in this answering your first question. What are we doing and and and For example, we have quite a lot of factories 460 of them and we have a commitment of zero waste for disposal for our sites all of them by 2020 That is good practice that radiates into the regions. We are we have factories worldwide over We will continue to play our part. We do that also integrated upstream with our farmers We have something like 7,000 farmers 700,000 farmers directly linked with our Factories and millions if you go indirectly with other suppliers we have But with the chances 12.3 we will work to create an An environment a momentum Be it politically but also technically business wise and social To reduce waste and that is to do with that lead by example and sharing what we are doing and How to reduce it motivating others to do the same and to identify themselves with the concreteness the tangible dimension of the Of the 12.3 target Building awareness It's it's fascinating to know that so many people when you say one third of food is wasted That many are saying not cannot be true and it is true. So Create that awareness so that also the importance is given to food loss showcasing successful practices, which is always good cross-fertilization sharing And then also investing some innovation Conservation of products and etc information sharing Increasing capacity to reduce food loss has also to do with infrastructures I'm really convinced in working together that we can go a long way This is a long-hanging food. We just have to be aware shape it and and go for it for example And that's what the web is good for The web has shown over and over again that when we start putting something on the agenda That's why we are sitting and doing that here That that can then be part of a more multi-stakeholder discussion We have seen it when we spoke about sustainability How it that has given an impulse or or water the whole water discussion was actually started that there's no very present worldwide Was actually started here in in multi-stake? Well a little bit the same thing is happening here now on food waste And and and it's so important for humanity So that's what we want to do the working together. We Nestle and the Rockefeller Foundation are doing things together already Exploring how we can reduce losses in the in the cassava value chain in Nigeria And and the impacts are dramatic This is even more than 30% less This is you can double yields on the same you can reduce waste dramatically Halving or even more than that and that's just by good practice That's what we want to do a multi-stakeholder The factor also Nestle is involved in the consumer goods forum, which is this association of all retailers and manufacturers worldwide Huge all the big companies and smaller companies are involved in that association A few months ago a few weeks ago actually we had already A commitment there also to a resolution of reducing food waste between us, which is manufacturers and retailers To reduce and halve the food waste that we have halved the food waste we have there And then in the next 10 years, which is which is quite a commitment But you know what it's it's fact. It's possible It's just just possible if you just organize your better and that's what we want to do So we need bold action Because also the the size of the price as we call it sometimes the upside is so big that That bold action is going to come It's imperative as I mentioned one third of food is lost. We speaking trillions here So there's also business case. It doesn't make sense to lose Or to waste so it makes everything more efficient efficiency is lengthy productivity And that is something that also is shared with so many hundreds of thousands of farmers So it has also an impact not only on company a or b That has an impact on hundreds and hundreds of thousands of farms Which linked them very nicely and also on a new initiative for agriculture and So that's why I'm motivated to be part of this I thank you also to give me the possibility to talk and and to share my passion for this So this is a start a start of a big thing Of a big thing that everybody was aware of but we didn't announce it and pronounce it And we do that now today. So thank you for your attention And I have to say I'm sorry, but my passion is is deep and big But I have to jump out here But I feel the passion is going to stay in the room anyhow. So and I thank you and looking forward Thank you Paul. Thank you very much Sam I know you're passionate about the subject too. I would like to invite you to talk about the The situation in the u.s. And also talk a little bit about your own personal engagement and your Your work with the rocker fella foundation and collaboration there. Great. Thank you. First of all I grow and thank you so much for your extraordinary leadership again Time in a time again. You you're really paving the way and it means a lot to all of us who've been working on these issues for a long time I would like to put the The issue of food waste in the context of climate change first Right now our food system agriculture and food accounts for 25 percent of greenhouse gas emissions 25 but one one quarter of all emissions just behind energy Um, so we know that food and ag has to be part of this part of this solution We're going to have to transition to a much more climate smart system, which means climate smart ag and climate smart eating Um, but when you consider the fact that 27 of the land under cultivation around the world Is growing food that ends up in landfills or that routes in the field There is no way we could reach the the the targets we need in agriculture to actually solve this problem Uh Fully If food waste were a nation if you put it into perspective It would be the third largest emitter globally The third largest country That's just an extraordinary It's an extraordinary fact and so as these as food goes to waste either in the field or ends up in our landfills It's producing Huge amounts of methane which then just exacerbates the very problem that we're trying to solve So part of my engagement has been One of the highlights of this engagement was a lunch cooked at the united nations for dozens of world leaders leading up to cop 21 We're dan barber a tremendous chef. I know you know him well And I did a lunch for all these heads of state based completely out of waste And so waste means a couple different things to keep it in mind. It means the small Out of shape produce. It means the damaged slightly bruised produce So the first course was a salad made out of beautiful produce that just was a little off that would just get tossed The second course was a vegetable burger Made with the pulp from a juice company that would juice it and just toss it away One of the best burgers i've ever tasted Including a beef burger and i'm not a veggie burger kind of guy Um, that bun was a reused bun from bread that would just get tossed Um, the bread that came with it on the side was made from the wheat Grains used to make beer the ketchup was made out of beets that would Toss away because they had damage to them And the pickles were the ends of the pickles that Manufacturer just cut off and throw away because it didn't fit so nicely In uh in the jar The dessert was a chocolate based dessert that was a pudding that came from The a byproduct of chocolate which is normally just discarded It was one of the most delicious desserts i've ever tasted And so we have to not only save the perfectly good food throughout the supply chain We have to reimagine what waste is and look at the things that we're throwing away and understand that it could be Seen in a totally different way in the united states A third so globally a third is wasted in the united states It's 40 of food that we produce is wasted for the average american family That's $1,500 that's just ending up in the trash Beyond just the emotional toll it takes that we all feel every time we're tossing away beautiful food In the context of of the fact that in america One in six Families are food insecure and we know globally nearly a billion are This is Unconscionable Um and also within our grass It is the truly it is truly we say long hanging fruit. This is literally like the low hanging fruit Um, so we are working very hard and i am thrilled to join The rockfeller foundation, uh and the sustainable development goals Um to really push this forward and i'm working closely with the world bank who is taking this issue on Both the transition our agriculture to climate smart ag and climate smart eating but also Focus on food waste throughout the supply chain As a top priority of really making our food system an efficient one no other major system in the world Waste 30 to 40 percent It's just crazy. You can't think of another example So this is the beginning of I think a long but Incredibly impactful journey That will I think create momentum that we can build on on a whole host of other issues including health because by the way Most of the things are wasted aren't You know cupcakes and things that will stay on our shelves for years and years These are the these are the nourishing foods that we need to get particularly to the most vulnerable populations So i'm just thrilled uh to be here and we'll be dedicated to working closely with the foundation and all the partners to really see this through Thank you so much. Thank you very much. Sam. Uh, that sounded delicious and it was also a very passionate call for action So thank you for that. Sam is the former white house chef for the obama family. So i'm sure it was very delicious Yes, and I can and I can say um the president Really cares about this issue and knows knows it knows it well and his wife And it's something that that uh, they are both very conscious of and we're working very hard The administration has taken a leadership as well and set the same goal for the united states to reduce food waste and I think there's um This is the beginning of something that can be a global solution Uh for generations to come Thank you. Sam. James. Uh, I know that you're also collaborating closely with the Rockefeller foundation at coca-cola company And that you're also thinking about the processes in your own company on how to reduce waste Let us hear about it, please. Sure. Um, firstly, good afternoon. Um, nice to be among this distinguished panel here for the launch of uh yield wise Um, I mean I think you've talked eloquently about how food waste is clearly a problem I won't I won't double down on that and and of course I applaud the effort by the rockefeller foundation to launch this effort Yield wise, uh, I think you know the imperative is to work together And as you say we we've done some things and I'll try and give a couple Of examples, but we've done them all in collaboration with governments With ngos with foundations, uh, and we're a proud partner of those programs Uh, and let me start using my examples just with africa Obviously the needs and the issues in the developed countries that are a little different to the developing countries Uh, as one of africa's largest investors and and private employers Uh, we're really focused on trying to improve Uh, the agro economy in africa because we're also one of the largest fruit buyers, uh in africa So let me just give you two examples You know, we we've done two things that we think are working with with the foundation one kind of top down is Establish some clear principles from the medium-sized companies that we buy the fruit from so we've been very clear We want to see them Bringing in fruit in a sustainable agricultural program So that we can drive clear principles and use the power of the brand and the pulpit to help improve standards But the second thing much more at ground level, which is where the work really ends up happening Is finding ways to put in place large programs that will help the small shareholder farmers because that's where the most of the people are employed And we've done a couple of things. Uh, you mentioned the mangos We've done some of those in kenya and uganda and we found if we work with best practices With these farmers we can not only Uh, uh, get Not sustainable Environmental practices improved the farmers have doubled their income and the consumer has got lower prices in this equation Literally no one loses and we go from you know, saying that the problem isn't the low hanging fruit It's literally the fruit on the side of the road and we turn that into money And between those two things the top down principles and the the programs on the ground and hopefully we'll do many more of them Working with the foundation We believe that there's there's much more that can be done And we're very hopeful that Significant progress can be made in the coming years. So we're proud to be part of this initiative Thank you very much james mr. President You're not just the president of the african development bank, but you're also a very distinguished expert in agriculture So we would like to hear from you Maybe the macro perspective if you may what is the impact of the topic on the economic situation on economic growth and and what will your institution do To to help address that challenge Well, thank you very much. First and foremost, let me say i'm so delighted to be here for two reasons First is that I work in rocket for life foundation for 10 years of my career So um, a lot of work. I was in the agricultural division So i'm quite excited to see that the rocket for life foundation Again is taking leadership in a very crucial the important role second is because of the strong partnership that the african development bank has with The rocket for life foundation. So Judith, let me congratulate you Very much on this very innovative Program or initiative that you put forward now If you've got to realize that being yield Wise is also being processing wise and when you're processing wise that means or you're also money wise Right, and I think it's very clear to me that when you look at agriculture, you know agriculture is where african's future really lies Um, but if you're producing so much and you're losing so much It means that you're basically wasting land you're wasting water You're wasting a lot of financing and even you're wasting the sun which we need to actually do renewable energy as well So I think this initiative in how to reduce the amount of losses that we have food losses is crucially Important and it's important for us as african development bank when I became the president of the bank I have five priorities that I put forward two of them are related to this first is feeding africa The second one is industrializing africa Now if we are able to reduce food losses, actually you improve household food security community food security You also provide a lot more food going into the value chain so people can buy food at a lower cost Which is very very important at a more macro macro level But also linked to that. Um, I think is The importance of putting this within an infrastructure context And this is where the african development brand partnership with tubing important It doesn't matter what you want to do Whether you are a farmer Whether you're a small processor small, you know small size enterprise or you are a big processor like, um, Sonny dangote that has a Invested 35 million dollars in a tomato processing plant in Nigeria. Whatever it is. You need energy You need power without power. Nothing works. And so what we bring to this is The african development bank. We just launched actually yesterday night Um, a new deal on energy for african Which will provide universal access to electricity by 2025 and that will help a lot of the smallholder farmers That are here to be able to process our value to their themes and not having to be able to store as well So that will reduce the amount of losses that we have The second issue where we can work together with the rocket fela foundation Is actually through the development of agro allied industries Because when you have agro allied industries, it means that you have companies that will buy the tomatoes Uh, they'll buy the potatoes that will buy the sorghum. They'll buy the millet That they would easily rot away or or perishables like vegetables, you know So the development of agro allied industries is so crucial to how we actually reduce this particular problem And the african development bank Will be supporting the creation Or the development of what we call staple crop processing zones So literally bringing the private sector into the rural economy To set up the infrastructure the water the roads that they need You know to reduce their cost of processing. We're doing that already with in Nigeria with dangote And this will make sure that we'll process everything There in the rural area, you don't have to move a lot of food out and therefore Suffer a lot of losses that are called because of the inefficient logistic systems to take that out The other way um, and the rocket fela foundation are us We actually work in together with african ministers of finance and african ministers of agriculture on that You know your your your leadership to make sure that we make the right kind of investment from this So it goes beyond just food waste is actually how we change the whole picture of our agro allied industries And the last two points I want to make is the development of commodity exchanges And warehouse resistance if farmers know where they can Take their produce to right. They don't have to store it under their bed under a hot or whatever So the development of commodity exchanges is vital and the african development bank will continue to support that So that farmers can actually have better prices and don't have to suffer all these losses The last thing I just want to say is importance of regional trade If you have so much surplus in some areas and you have deficit in some areas And you don't have connection between the surplus areas and the deficit areas Of course everything will go to waste and so the african development bank will continue to invest In making sure that we improve regional infrastructure in particular roads rail ports In transnational highways, I would be able to move food from ivory coast to to to malibu canafaso and things like that So this will also help in reducing The amount of surplus that you have and therefore the amount of weight I couldn't be prouder as somebody who has worked in rockefeller foundation I think what judy is doing here is really phenomenal because you're taking a whole value chain Approach to this and let me just say that the african development bank stands fully ready to Support you and I and I do hope that you can also come To us and prepare some really nice dishes out of some of these things I'll be able to effect congratulations to judy and I'm very proud of rockefeller foundation Thank you very much. Mr. President sunny dengote The home of dengote group is in nigeria, which is one of the most populous countries On earth and is is always climbing that ladder that ranking. So it's clearly an issue of great importance to your country Let us hear about your collaboration with the rockefeller foundation and And how you at dengote group deal with the issue Well, thank you very much. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen And it's really a great pleasure that I'm participating with the rockefeller foundation on this yield-wide Initiative and I think Taking back from what most of The speakers and I've said It is really an apparent situation in our hand that to stop post-harvest losses Encourage more productivity Bringing back commercialization to rural farmers Is very critical and very important and you know In nigeria over 70 percent of the population out about 180 million You know people Depend on agriculture and if you can imagine 40 or 50 percent of their post-harvest loss That you can imagine the quantum of the value And also when you look at it that most of them are engaged in subsistence farming Which means they are actually farming just to keep going Not really because they're making substantial money out of it compared to other developed countries Our view It's actually how do we Get in and participate in this agro agro value chain in terms of The north of nigeria we have established under dengote farms, which i'm the chairman of that company Initiated an idea to set up a tomato person factory right in the middle of the Of the farm area where there's about 17 000 hectares of land was fully You know channels of irrigation since 1970s Since in the 70s and there were no any Processing facility. So I set it up there Where about 4 000 farmers are now engaged To grow tomatoes and we we are working with the input supplier companies seed companies And also working with the state and federal government even before that traditional at nigeria For for african development bank We're working with the federal ministry of agri how to provide some assistance to these farmers and for the first time we are establishing a by guarantee price to the farmers which means Farmer is Given a total input value and on top of the total input value Including harvesting we guarantee a farmer a certain price as a profit and we believe Also to put the farmers together in a cooperative manner instead of being an individual scale So that they can come together as a cooperative They can now work together. They can get the access to fertilizer Access to input supply at a better price And we at the end of the game Guarantee them a price. So with this initiative from Brockfeller foundation. I think it is really putting more eyes on the cake because the farmer after harvesting The logistic challenge is there. How do they get it to the factory? Even though we set the factory right in the middle of the farm But some of them have to come 25 kilometers to get to the farm So even though it sounds small distance But for them the challenge of moving the produce to the factory is also Enemies and we believe with the yield initiative It will bring about closing that challenge of having their produce To to the factory where it will be processed immediately within 24 hours And today we've set up a factory that can process 1200 tons of tomato every single day And our plan is to look at all the Hubs of where there are concentration of farmers that have also Damn or water regaining system to set up a similar agro process and facility Where farmers do not have to go far distance Thousands of kilometers to reach the market And I think also down in the south we put up another vegetable plant Which is in the southern Nigerian cross river Where we are processing Pineapples and we're also growing fun is when we're giving to the farmers around To to supply as out growers and that we guarantee them a price throughout the year And then we're buying and we're processing it. I think in March No in about June we should start supplying the local industries With the pineapple concentrate where the import is now substituted And I think the whole idea is about Ensuring the farmer is no longer on subsistence farming. It's actually on the commercial farming And until we turn around the table where a farmer is making profit There's going to be a continuous cycle of foreboding within these farmers And today we believe over 4000 farmers are engaged with this tomato value chain, which the Rockefeller Foundation is partnering with us in ensuring the post-harvest losses is addressed And it's a tremendous contribution to the To the to the farmers to the whole economy in Nigeria and to the northern Nigeria also And we see in a couple of years probably Once it is successful from March, we're going to start the harvest and we're going to start the processing We expect in about three years. We're going to make it almost about 4 000 tons per day capacity Setting up additional two plants which will involve more than 20 000 farmers within these This value chain and I think it's a great initiative and We are very pleased to partner with the Rockefeller Foundation And I encourage all other big corporations To engage in a similar kind of tie-up where you can guarantee a certain uptake and be close to the farmers Be able to support them and get them into commercial activity rather than in subsystem activity And I think with the with the vision I have going forward is to ensure that Not only that they do the tomato, but when they do the crop rotation We are also doing an uptake because the farmer is not only relying on tomato, but in others, you know crop Which you know the farmer needs to grow and ensure that The whole year around they're getting value and getting money so that Eventually they'll make enough money that they'll be able to sustain the drive of You know removing the challenges that they face on very very so we're very pleased to be partnering with With the Rockefeller Foundation and we hope that You know just to begin over good things to come Thank you very much I think it's very good to hear these very concrete examples of what's being done already and what can be done And may all business leaders here in Davos hear your your call to join Judith, I think this was a ringing endorsement from all the panelists Let's open the floor for questions if I can see a show of hands We have a microphone if you could state your name and organization, please Microphone is coming Chen Lei from CCTV news just wondering where to after Africa. Do you see this as a globalized initiative in the future? We haven't really determined where but it will definitely move. So we started in Africa given that our partners Were there and ready to go and on the ground and lots of the pilots were there But we see this as a global need and as a global activity And of course the part that sam is so intimately involved with is the entire world for example in October at the Milan Expo at the conclusion of the Milan Expo 160 some mayors from around the world signed a commitment which they handed to Ban Ki-moon Many of them were in Asia south Asia southeast Asia for example Committing to reducing food waste that is market to garbage can In their cities and we're already seeing tremendous progress So depending on what the issue is it will require different kinds of intervention and different kinds of leadership But certainly globally is our global is our Approach and our commitment James you want to add to that? Yeah, I'm just as just as it was a china example. I mean We're already working with wwf something very similar to do what we're doing with rockerfella with a wwf and cargo in china trying to reduce waste And improve the environmental footprint of the farms. We had 10 pilot farms in 2014 There were 30 in 2015 and we've now rolled it out to 12 000 As we're going now. So we've made the materials available to a lot of people And it is really about I mean what's going to work in Africa will be applicable and exportable to To southeast asia and india. I mean there will be a lot of common learning And I'm hopeful that this will travel And help solve problems everywhere I mean The question was what happens what happens at the pilot farms. I mean really it's it's some some of the things are Very basic. I mean some of the stuff that the rockerfella is bringing to Africa some of the things we're doing It's I mean you can take basic examples like modern ways of irrigation The best ways of picking and storing the fruit don't put it in a big box put it in smaller boxes Rockerfella, I think it's coming out with some, you know processing technology. So what the farmer can do is Kind of pre-process it in a little way that greatly extends the life and therefore the chances of it reaching The collection center because the reality is even with all the government efforts to improve the roads and the And the physical infrastructure it's going to take some time So in order for the small farmers to actually be able to advance they need to be able to you know get a better yield Immediately notwithstanding the kind of the ongoing improvements in the in the macro infrastructure So it's about some of the basics and the best practices and it's about some bringing new technology on kind of pre-processing Thank you very much Mindful of the time. I think we have to close the panel at this point apologies for that So if you apply for a job now with the african development bank, you might might be able to still get the delicious meal that zam is preparing So thank you all for watching. Thank you for for joining and a special thank you to the panel and Congratulations again to you. Thank you very much. Thank you all