 Hello, I welcome you all once again to my channel Explore Education. I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education at Jais Khanna Girls' Recollege University for Habar. And in the series of discussing various issues over the topic inclusive education, here I am to discuss a topic, International Initiatives for Inclusive Education Throughout the World. Okay. And the lecture will be in bilingual mode and it must be useful. So, first of all, inclusion. What is inclusion? What is inclusion? We have talked a lot about inclusion in India and in India. I think everything has been studied. We have studied policies, recommendations, national initiatives, and national institutes. Now, on this topic, this is the last discussion. What are the International Initiatives for Inclusive Education? So, first of all, let us know once again what is inclusion? This is the process of systemic reforms that entails changes and modifications in. That is, we have to change, implement, do content, which is what you are going to study, what methods are you studying, what is your approach, what are your education structure and strategies. Overcome obstacles. That is, we can overcome the obstacles, so that all students of the relevant age groups and equitable and participative learning experiences, that is, all the relevant age groups, all the students of that age group, they will get a good experience and an environment that best suits their needs and preferences. So, we will talk about that. What are their needs and their goals? Placing students with disabilities within mainstream classes in the absence of subsequent structural changes. For example, in the organization, curricula or teaching learning strategies does not constitute inclusion. This is the most important thing. But that child, who has a disability, you have given it to him in mainstream class, but you have not changed it. Neither in the struggle, nor in the struggle, nor in the teaching learning strategy, you will not make a summation. So, what does it mean? It means that in order to make a summation, you will have to change all these things in accordance to child's needs. Okay. So, these are the international initiatives which we will talk about one by one. The first one is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948. The UNESCO Convention on Dislimitation in Education, in 1960. The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, in 1976. The Convention on the Rights of the Child, in 1990. The Statement in 1994. The Dakar Framework for Action Education for All, which is called EFA in 2000. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006. Transforming our world in 2030, Agenda for Sustainable Development, Sustainable Development Goals 2015. And your CRPD 2016. And World Bank Group Commitments. World Bank Group Commitments to Disability Inclusive Development. So, one by one, we take the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1944. And it influenced the entire world's policies. What was this? The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is called UDHR, is a milestone document in the history of human rights. In the history of human rights, this document proved to be a very important part of history. It was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10th December 1948, as a common standard of achievements for all peoples in all nations. So, for all people, it was a common standard of achievement for all nations. It passed in Paris on 10th December 1940. The preamble care is that the recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice, and peace in the world. So, in this world, you have to establish justice, the establishment of freedom, and the establishment of peace. So, we have to give equal and inalienable rights to all of us and we have to give them their inherent dignity. So, we have to identify the right to education. Article 26 states that everyone has the right to education because we are studying about inclusive education and we should know that the article 26 states that everyone has the right to education. As it states, everyone has the right to education. This means that disability is also present. And it states that education shall be free at least in the elementary and fundamental stages and elementary education shall be compulsory. Article 26 states that everyone has the right to education because we are studying about inclusive education at least in the elementary and fundamental stages. But, the second initiative that is UNESCO convention against discrimination in education. It is a foremost among UNESCO standard setting instruments related to education and particularly relevant to fully realizing the right to education. So, it is a very good relevant document relevant convention. It is the first legally binding international instrument which is entirely delegated to the right to education. So, it is the first legally binding international instrument based on education. What it states? This is the corner story of the 2013 agenda education. And it is a powerful tool to advance inclusive and equitable equality education for all. So, it is a powerful tool to advance inclusive education. Convention three textbooks These are not a luxury no wealth Here there use but if fundamental human rule it highlights states obligations to ensure free and compulsory education it Bryan education provided. Bands any form of discrimination. And promotes equality of educational opportunity. Next is your article 13, states, parties to the present everyone to education. They agree that education shall be directed to the full development of the human personality in the sense of its dignity and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Education shall be directed to the full development of human personality in the sense of its dignity and shall strengthen the respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. They further agree that education shall enable all persons to participate effectively. They are a free society. They say that education should be of this nature, which will make every individual free of charge, for the benefit of the community, will promote understanding, will increase tolerance and friendship among all the countries. And all the racial, ethnic, ethnic groups and further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. Do you know that the United Nations was created for the purpose of education? So, they said that if education is available in the sense of the dream, then many, many, many things will be there. In short, I think, I think, it's coming to the next slide. And what did they say? They said that primary education shall be available free to all. These things are happening again and again that the primary education should be available for all the people. Secondary education is different forms, such as technical and vocational Secondary education shall be made generally available. That is, primary education is available for all private education, but secondary education is generally available. That means, everyone is available and this is available from a normal form. If you are not able to do it, then also and accessible to all the every appropriate means. So, in every proper way, you should make it available. And in particular, by the progressive introduction of free education. That is, gradually, the concept of universalization of elementary education is increased to universalization of secondary education. And the higher education shall be made equally accessible to all on the basis of capacity by every appropriate means and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education. And what did they say? Fundamental education shall be encouraged or intensified as far as possible for those persons who have not received or completed the whole period of their primary education. They are saying that those who have not been able to complete their primary education will not be able to complete their primary education. Then, every time, every initiative is saying that every type of disability is included in it by default. And the convention on the rights of the child in 1990 is saying that in 1989 world leaders made a historic commitment to the world's children by adopting the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and International Agreement on Childhood. That means that the child has become the most widely-regified human rights treaty in history and has helped transform children's lives around the world. And all of this has been done throughout the world by child rights. Contained in this treaty is a profound idea. Children are not just objects. They are saying that children are not objects that belong to their parents. And for whom decisions are made we have to make. Rather, they are human beings. In fact, they are human beings and they are individuals who have their rights. The convention says, I will separate from adult. It is said that children are different from adults. And it should be a special protected time in which the child must be allowed, in which the child should get the environment to grow, grow, learn, play, play. This is a very important convention on the rights of the child. So the child's rights are also disabled. This statement has been mentioned again and again because after this comes the concept of inclusive education. In June 7-10, a representative from 25 international and 92 government organizations formed the World Conference on Special Needs Education and it was held in Salamanca. The right of opinion was reaffirmed as well as the UDHR as the UDHR has said that education is the right of each individual. The conference adopted a new framework for action, the guiding principle through which the ordinary schools should accommodate all children. He is saying that every ordinary student should accommodate all children, learn, learn, play, regardless of their physical, social, intellectual, emotional, emotions. Whatever is their vision, their body, their social, their body, their nature, their language, whatever type of vision you have to accept. All the daily rates of the conference agreed on new statement on education for all disabled children in schools must follow inclusiveness. Here comes the concept of inclusiveness for the first time and the World Conference called several groups to support inclusiveness in the school and these groups are the government, there is a framework for action which was mentioned in the statement that it is a framework for action called education for all. This was discussed for everyone and this was in 2000. The meeting was held in April 2000 and we the participants in the World Education Forum commit ourselves to the achievement of education for all goals and targets for every citizen and for every society. For every citizen of the society, we accepted the goal of education and the framework is a collective commitment to action. Governments will also work for the goal of education for all. All children, young people and adults have the human right to benefit from an education that will meet their basic learning needs in the best and fullest sense of the term and education that will meet their basic education that includes learning to know, to do, to live together and to be. Through education, this is a human right and we have to do this education according to all learning needs and we have to adjust ourselves. Then, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in 2006, recognizing that children with disabilities should have full enjoyment of all human rights. All human rights, all human rights, all human rights, should have equal freedom and recalling obligations to that end, undertaking by states, parties to the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It is said that need to incorporate a gender perspective. Not all of them are eligible. It is said that gender perspective should be lessened. All human rights and fundamental freedom that persons with disabilities can have full enjoyment. Then, your Sustainable Development Goal. You know that the Sustainable Development Goals that are 17 in the society, also known as the Global Goals were adopted by the United Nations in 2015. The United Nations has accepted this in 2015 as a universal fall. It means that the whole world has this desire to work on which we can protect our earth, planet, and ensure that by 2030 all people will be happy, and will live in harmony. In 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals were established and the Goal No. 4 is on your Inclusive and Equitable Policy Education. It says that ensure Inclusive and Equitable Policy Education and promote life-long learning opportunities for more. It has committed its inclusiveness. Then you have the general comment of the CRPD 2016. It says that state parties must ensure that persons with disabilities may exercise their right to education to an inclusive system at all levels. You will give your person with disability an inclusive education whether it is pre-primary, primary, secondary or tertiary. Even professional training or teaching throughout their lives. Their education is at an inclusive level as well as social and extra-curricular activities for all students including those with disabilities, without discrimination and under the same conditions of the adults. It means that they do not behave in the same way as the other children are treating them. For their treatment, it comes out in 2016 and last but not the least World Bank Root Commitments. It says that building on the objective of the Sustainable Development Goal Goal No. 4, which is under the World Bank Finance Disability Inclusive by 2025 is said to be funded by the World Bank as many projects and programs are going on. The World Bank welcomes the opportunity to host the Initiative for Inclusive Education which is called Disability Inclusion in Accountability Framework. What does this promote? Disability Inclusion in Accountability Framework among World Bank staff. So this is the UDHR with the World Bank Root Commitment in 2020. All of these initiatives are for Inclusiveness for those with disabilities who have equal rights. Do not consider them to be inferior to anyone. Give them inclusive education, give them equitable conditions. Make sure that they enjoy the fullest and that they have such an initiative. The same reflection is seen in many times. These are all the International Initiatives for Inclusive Education. Thank you and don't forget to like and subscribe my channel Explore Education. I have done it for myself.