 Okay, okay, so I've got submissions from Zalitoli, from Lubega, from I think I've seen yeah, Jafina and then who else? Yeah, Sid Kano and yeah, so that's about it. So I haven't seen others giving your submission. I hope you're working on it. So maybe next time we will grade it. Okay, so we were looking at, you know, preparing a message and what goes into preparing a message, some of the basic guidelines, right? We were looking at that. So yeah, so we'll continue with that and let's just pray and start, right? Father, we thank you. Thank you Lord. What an awesome privilege it is, Father God, to be called your spokesperson. What a privilege it is to Lord to handle the eternal Word, Lord that we being finite people, Lord God, that we get to handle, that we get to speak, we get to minister your eternal Word, Father God. And Lord, we thank you that you've given us the privilege of doing this. Lord, we thank you that you've called us to be co-workers in your kingdom, or co-workers to work together, to build together, Lord. We thank you, Father God. And I just pray that even as we go through today's class that you will establish certain things in us, Father God, strengthen certain things in us, Master. And at the same time, Lord, I just pray that you will remove, oh God, certain things from us, whether it's fear, whether it's anxiety, or Lord, feelings of God, insecurities, or feelings of inability, God. I just pray that you'll bring us to that place, that we can just flow the work of your Spirit, that we can just flow as ministers of God. And what you inspire, Lord, to our hearts, what you establish in our hearts, God, even as we seek you with a big measure, Lord, as you speak to us, what you establish in us, Lord, that we be faithful, Lord, to minister that, God. And Lord, even as we've been learning, Lord, I just pray for a continuous flow of revelation, Master, as we seek you, as we seek your face, God, as we wait upon you, Master, we just pray for a continuous flow of revelation. You know, God is infinite, and he has so much to reveal to us, so much to show us, and all that he requires from us, of course, is the willingness and the sacrifice it takes, and the patience it takes to be in His presence. So, you know, as we look into our own lives, and maybe things are busy, maybe things are, you know, some things that hinder us, maybe there are other things that have crowded our lives, things that we have not prioritized, and maybe we can do that today, and say, Lord, I prioritize this above everything else, Lord, there will always be a constant, this area will always be challenged, you know, our time with Him, and our study of the Word, that is always going to be challenged, and things will only get busier. But, you know, as we take time to really guard that time, you know, as we say, God, this is precious, and I'm going to guard it with all my heart. We will experience the hand of the Lord, and the Lord will lead us and guide us, right? Father, we thank You. Yes, Lord, we come with ourselves into Your mighty hands, Lord. Thank You. In Jesus' name, we pray. Amen. Amen. Okay, so we've been looking at preparing a message, so we saw that God, the Lord draws out what we normally put in, which means that we take time, we make the effort to read, to study, to be in His presence, to receive the revelation, and the Lord will draw it out, right? So at the right time, at the right audience, so He will draw it out. Okay, and we also saw, you know, how ministering Rehma and the difference, ministering the logos, and both have their place, right? Both have their place, so both have the importance, and so we need to do that. And also we saw that our dependence is on the Holy Spirit, right? So we read through 2 Corinthians 3, and we saw that our dependence, our sufficiency, our dependence is from the Holy Spirit, is on the Holy Spirit, right? Because He's the one who can give us a word in season, He's the one who can quicken the word for us, and He's the one who can actually inspire us to speak and deliver a prophetic word, or even a prophetic act, right? So our dependence is on Him, right? And also we saw that we need to study the word, not just a casual reading of it, but we need to do our part in digging deeper, like going further and studying the word of God. Sorry. Okay, then we looked at some of the practical things. Okay, I think that's where we stop. So we looked at how you should have, we should have a single topic or a single theme, you know, when we minister the word. It helps us in many ways, it helps bring focus, it helps the audience to stay focused, it helps them to retain what we are sharing, and which is very important because we just don't want to speak and then go and everything else is just goes off. We want that to be retained, we want that to be there in people's hearts, so that that can be applied. So this would help, right? A single point or a theme can help. Of course it can have many sub topics or sub themes, right? So that will always be there. To flesh out this theme, we will have many other sub points that will always be there, but one direction and one theme, right? Then we also saw we need to substantiate or you know, not just reiterate, but to give weightage or say why we are saying or give reasons for why we are making that particular point. For example, if I'm saying God is good, I need to substantiate from the word of God. Either God saying that himself or people testifying about God, whatever it could be. We need to substantiate from scripture because that is our reference point. So when we substantiate from scripture, it clarifies to the hearer several things. One, they're able to look into the word and say, okay, this is not this man or this woman's own opinion, but it's actually the word of God. Okay, so it's from the word of God. So something happens to their spirit when they see that it's from the word of God and when they receive it as from the word of God, right? The Holy Spirit who's in them quickens that word to them, that truth that has been communicated with the reference as scripture. I hope you're getting what I'm saying, right? We're not just quoting scripture, but even the communication of the truth that it is here in scripture, right? You could be paraphrasing, you could be referring to some things that have happened. So basically, we're just anchoring the person in God's word and the Holy Spirit will quicken that word to them, that truth to the hearer. And that's powerful because that's how faith comes. Right? That is how faith is built up. So faith comes by hearing and hearing the word of God, Romans 10. So faith comes and when faith comes, then, you know, that person is able to apply, this person is able to live out that truth. So that's very, very important. So it also, you know, kind of filters out all the, whether it's an opinion, whether it's a worldview, worldview, whether it's tradition, whether it's just culture, you know, all that is filtered out because the person, the hearer knows that this is the word of God. So what I've got comes with so much authority and power. And, and that said, you know, sometimes, sometimes a simple word, the truth of God's word is just enough. Okay. I remember reading through, reading a book, it was about this new age Guru, right? His name is Talbrukh. And I remember him just writing about his testimony and how, so he was involved in a lot of things. He came here to India to study yoga and meditation. And he was with the, the, you know, with Rajneesh in, in that camp. And he was with the whole other, a lot of these new age folks and then teachers and he was involved in meditation and, and also he experienced a lot of things. He opened his life up to, you know, the demonic forces and, and also they used him to teach others. So he was very influential that way. You know, he used to travel to many places, teach about meditation in the US, all over the world, have these supernatural experiences of teleportation and all those things. So he writes in his book. And then he also says how he came to the Lord. Okay. It is when he was driving in the US and, you know, all this he was experiencing and what he thought was the truth. And he heard he was, he just tuned into some radio station and he, for the first time, he heard some scripture. I forget what it was, but then some scripture being read out or some scripture being, you know, being spoken, referred to. And he realized for that first time, you know, there was no strong argument or anything. You know, he just heard the scripture. And then he believed he said, he said, at that point, he knew that this was the truth. Okay. So it's so important for us to refer to this. So this, this man with all these experiences with all these, you know, supernatural things and everything is dabbling and a lot of things, but he heard the word of God and that cut through all those, you know, all those false ideas and all those false experiences and that cut through to his spirit. That was so sharp, the word of God. So, you know, Hebrews 4 says that he's living and alive and powerful and so it is. And so he says it was a completely 180 degree turn from a new age guru and how he started sharing the gospel and how there were so many attacks because he was close to all these, you know, all these teachers and all these gurus and they would actually, you know, he experienced a lot of spiritual warfare, right? Because he had, he was there in that, you know, at that level. So he had opened his life to, you know, all these demonic forces and he experienced a lot of spiritual warfare and he writes about that also, right? But all that to say that the word of God is powerful, therefore, you know, make it a point to substantiate, make it a point to explain, give the reason why you're saying that and let it be from scripture, let it not be, you know, because I think so or I heard so or, you know, so that's the thing, right? Okay, so stay focused on the theme, etc. Okay, make the word applicable. We saw that. Let people go back and be able to do something with it. Okay, right? Like some, some things would be just to, just information, you know, you receive information. It could be to educate a person, maybe about, you know, in times or, you know, several other things, right? It could be to just receive information and, and just, you know, let that be there in the spirit. Okay, you get a knowing of it. You don't have to do anything out of it, just to receive it. Okay, now that could be, that could be the case. But also, there are, there are many times when you need to do something with the truth that has been shared and you need to take a step and do something about it and applying the word of God. Now, that's very, very important. So is there an application point? You know, maybe you're teaching about the prophetic, you know, can the person move into prophesying? Yeah, we're teaching about evangelism. Can the person, you know, step into sharing the word? Okay, and can, so in the message, you know, can you facilitate that? Okay, here are some things, you know, break it down, make it simple and say, here are some things that we can do. Okay, today, if you want to go back and maybe you, this is the environment that you are in, these are the people who are in touch with you. So can you take the step and do this, you know, and what are some methods, right? Some practical things. So that way, the hearer gets to apply the word, you know, and do the word of God. So they experience the truth of God's word. So it's only when we, you know, when we apply, right, when we step out in faith and apply the word, live out the word, we experience the power of the word, right, the truth of the word, right. So maybe, you know, it's a message on holiness and purity and, you know, if someone hears about it and does not do anything about it, then, you know, it's of no use, right. We're right where they are. They're not really experiencing victory in their lives. But when we challenge and when we say, okay, this is what God's word says, now, when you face a situation, a circumstance which attacks your purity or which attacks your holiness, right, this is what you need to do. Maybe in the realm of your thoughts, maybe in the realm of your imaginations, and maybe, you know, you need to stop it right there and not act on the inducement or not act on the invitation. So that's when they are empowered to hear those empowered, the audience, you know, gets to experience the power of God's word. Well, yeah, I spoke it, I declared these things null and void, and things cleared up, right. So I was so oppressed, so heavy, so tempted, but I nullified it with the word of God, just like the example that the Lord says, you know, it is written and I spoke it out and I said it out, and I renewed my mind with the word of God so that I did not go down that path in my mind, right. So I was, my will was strong enough to even resist that temptation, right. I did not step into action, but it was curtailed in the realm of my thoughts itself. So things like that, right, so make the word applicable. Okay, stay focused on the theme, use illustrations or real life examples. Now, we'll be looking at illustrations when we make, you know, put together some an outline. Now, illustrations, what does an illustration mean? It just means a picture, right, to illustrate something is to draw something. So when we illustrate a truth, when we are actually drawing out, so it becomes visible, it becomes clearer, right. So you illustrate, how do we illustrate something, you know, let's say, okay, this is how, for example, James chapter one, and you're saying, okay, this is how the process of breakdown of, you know, temptation happens, you know, James chapter one talking about all this. So to illustrate that, maybe you can use a real life example, okay, or, or testimony, right. But these need to be used cautiously, knowing that, you know, all these examples may not be perfect. You know, I remember once when we were in, this was a time when we were doing an outreach, and this was an outreach where we were going to several schools, and we were ministering several schools. And this was also a time when there was a World Cup cricket, and it was about to happen or this happened. So we had testimonies of cricketers who could, you know, and we were using that, you know, those videos. So we're showing, you know, Hans Ekronye, South African cricketer, and we were, you know, and showing how he's a believer. So his testimony, and we're saying, you know, these people are all believers. And so the thing is, we need to use them cautiously in the sense, you know, later, we also, there was this much later, years later, you know, we also heard that Hans Ekronye was involved in betting, and, you know, and how, you know, this whole testimony of his, you know, it was actually spoiled because of that, because he was involved in match fixing, right. So, you know, things like that. So we need to be careful when we use real life examples, testimonies, and, and really, we need to ask God, you know, because not all experiences that we share are, you know, are something that people are going through. They may not be able to relate to it. Okay. So of course, a good way to do it is to look at scripture, you know, first and foremost, give priority and see, okay, in scripture, is there anything that, you know, can I use any of these real life examples, you know, is there something that is there that I can share? Okay, that would be a safe thing to do, right. But also, you know, if you're using, of course, it helps to illustrate, definitely bring things clearly, but just be cautious, you know, does it really connect or is it, you know, a story that I'm using because it's a nice story, I like it, right. It happened in my life and I just, I just want to use it, right. So think about it, right. And if it's, if it can be avoided, if you feel that, okay, it's not really applicable, it's not, doesn't really bring out the truth. It's not really effective. They don't use it. Okay, but think about it, okay, can I use it or not, right, real life, but illustrations are indeed powerful. They bring out the truth. Many times people remember the story and forget the truth, right. I remember the first time when I was in a youth camp and, you know, this pastor was there, he shared the story. So I remember the illustrations so vividly, right. So, but I forget what, I forget the message, I forget what he was actually trying to share, but this was a very funny story. So I remember the story. In fact, I met him and I told him that first I don't remember the message, but I remember your story. Now that's not something that you want to leave people with, right. You want to connect to it and so that people remember the truth of what was shared. Okay. Another one is that when we minister, minister at the spiritual level of the audience, okay, very, very important. So what do we mean by that? So we know that, you know, maybe, you know, if it's for, if your audience is a group of believers, maybe it's a church, maybe it's a Christian audience, predominantly Christian. So you, what is the spiritual level? Are they spiritually mature? You get to know that, right, maybe are they students? So you know what season of life they are in. Okay, are they, you know, like business folks, professionals, you know, what season of life they are in. So once you understand that you minister at their spiritual level, you know, maybe if they're children and you know, you know, in what level of maturity they are in and then, you know, you minister at their level. So it's good to understand that. Okay. Just want to read from one of these two and Paul says, well, talking about the fact that, you know, that he ministered and he wanted to share Christ crucified. Okay, let's just read that passage. So this is what he says. And I brethren, when I came to you, did not come with excellence of speech or of wisdom declaring to you the testimony of God, for I determined not to know anything among you except Jesus Christ and him crucified. I was with you in weakness and fear and much trembling and my speech and preaching were not with persuasive words of human wisdom, but in demonstration of the spirit and of power. That your faith should not be in the wisdom of men, but in the power of God. However, we speak wisdom among those who are mature, yet not the wisdom of this age, nor of the rulers of this age who are coming to nothing, but we speak the wisdom of God in a mystery, the hidden wisdom, which God ordained before the ages for our glory. Okay, so, so we see something very important that he's saying, saying that, okay, I was with you and this is what I determined that I will, I will just share about Christ and Christ crucified and my message will not be words of great words of human wisdom, but in demonstration of the Holy Spirit, in demonstration of this power of the Holy Spirit. Okay, so among those who are mature, so he's talking about different people, right? So among those who are mature, we do speak the wisdom, yet not the wisdom of this age, but the hidden mysteries, the revelation. So we do speak that. If you go down, you know, he says in chapter three and verse one, and I brethren could not speak to you as to spiritual people, but as to carnal, as to babes in Christ, I fed you with milk and not with solid food for until now you are not able to receive it. And even now you are still not able for you are still carnal. Okay, so they had a problem, the Corinthian church had a problem, they were carnal, they were division, they were fighting, strife, everything. And because of which says because of carnality, you're not able to receive the solid food. I wanted to teach you many things, I wanted to share many things, but you're not able to receive it. So it's a very practical thing to minister at the level of their spirituality or level of the thing. Why? Because someone not able to receive it. And it also helps because practically speaking, you know, if a person is born again, it helps to, you know, if a person is a new believer, it helps to teach about, okay, what does it mean to be a new believer? And all those things which come with it, okay, what do we do when it comes to worship, when it comes to prayer, when it comes to baptism of the Holy Spirit, faith and your identity as a new believer, all that. Now that would lay a foundation and then we can build on other things, you know, straight away if we go into, okay, you know, kingdom building and kingdom of God and, you know, you know, prophecy and all those things, well, for some it could be okay, but then for some it will be like, okay, I don't know the basics. So it will be floundering, right? So it's good to know the spiritual level and then teach accordingly. And especially true when it's a church congregation, you know, as a pastor, as a spiritual leader, you're actually journeying with the congregation. And typically I remember, you know, like when we started off here at APC, and I remember some of those messages that were being, you know, shared at that time. And I think I remember going for church camp, we used to, you know, go for a church camp. And that was the first time that for APC, it was 2005, I think, maybe October or sometime, the first time for all people's church, there was this whole message on prophesying baptism of the Holy Spirit. Of course, it was already always taught. But then the whole thing of stepping into prophecy, you know, word of knowledge, word of wisdom, how to hear God's voice, and it was a brand new thing. But by then, people were already open to the work of the Spirit. Okay, they had already been taught. Now, right from 2001, when church started, 2001, February 18, till then, you know, they'd already been taught. No, we don't need to wait, you know, such a long time. But then that is how it was. It was taught sequentially. It was so people were ready. They were at the stage where they could receive that teaching. So it was all about, you know, I think those initial years was about character, building on character, living a good Christian life and your testimony and all those things, all those foundations, basic things were laid and then, you know, stepping into ministering in power and so on, or hearing God's voice and so on. So for the church, it was a new thing. And I remember being part of it and saying, wow, this is new. We've never heard this before. And so on. But we were ready to receive. So it helps. So the thing is, it helps the person, it helps the audience to receive it. And all the other things have been dealt with. Okay, so how do we arrive at that? You know, it's just that you just pray and you receive, if you receive a check in your spirit, okay, people are not yet ready, then maybe it's not. But also, you know, sometimes you might feel intimidated in the sense, oh, it's a new thing. Should I share? Should I not share? It could be our own personal emotions going through. So learn to discern that. It's just me thinking, okay, God, you know, these people are from a different background, altogether. They've not heard about the baptism of the Holy Spirit. And I'm fearful, will they stone me? Will they, you know, will they invite? Those kinds of fears could be there. All right. So learn to discern that and differentiate. Okay. It's not that. It's just God is actually leading me. And these are my own fears. So let me learn to put it aside and go with what God wants to minister here. Okay. So any questions before we move to the next one? Why on preparing a message or maybe any experiences that you had, which are not, which have not been covered here, anything. So, like, how many of you, like, share the word regularly? I know some are pastors, maybe. And what John Paul is a pastor, how many of you, like, share the word regularly maybe on a once in a week or once in two weeks or something? Just put your hand up. Okay, Anita. Okay. How regularly, Anita? Is it like a weekly thing or a fortnightly? After weekly or once in a month. Okay. Okay. One weekly, weekly or once in a month. Okay. Fine. Fine. So anything that you'd like to share, you know, maybe you have a personal discipline of preparing and, you know, did we touch upon it? Was there anything else that you do that might be helpful to the class? Nothing like that pastor. I mean, you covered everything. Okay. Okay. Fine. John, would you like to share anything, John? Do you take a walk on the beach to repair the message? Anything? Anything at all? Okay. I guess, so I guess we'll move on. So we look at, you know, the different types of sermons. Okay. Again, I just wanted to say that, you know, these are, see, these have been developed from hindsight in the sense, okay. Okay. We could do this. There's nothing wrong in addressing in this, and then we see that pattern in scripture. So, so this is how it is. Okay. It could be helpful. Okay. So the thing is, we don't have to kind of be constrained by it, but these should really help us to explore, you know, different ways of ministering to the, to our congregations. Right. So that's why we are looking at it. So, well, there's no, we see that pattern in scripture. So we are looking at it. Okay. So the first one, when we look at different types of sermons, the first one is a topical sermon. Okay. If you, if you remember, we, we looked at, okay, what are the ways of studying? Okay. We looked at a study, a topic study. So similarly, we have a topical sermon. Okay. So what is a topical sermon? So it has a particular topic. Okay. And by definition, the main like divisions or the points in the sermon are actually derived from the topic itself. Okay. So what do we mean by that? Okay. Let's say you're talking about God's love. Okay. Now, that's a topic. God's love or the love of God. So the main points or the main division are from that topic. Okay. So it's not from one particular verse. So it's from that topic, which means all the, all the, the main points, the subheadings and everything could be from various texts all through scripture. Right. It could be from the Old Testament. It could be from the New Testament. No, each point that you're substantiating that the text, meaning the scripture reference, the scripture text could be from, you know, anywhere in the Bible, right? It could be from anywhere. So it could be different. Okay. So, but all that is actually contributing to the main theme. Okay. It's building on that main idea, which is God's love. Okay. Okay. Sorry. So firstly, we see that the main points are from the topic. And secondly, that by definition, it means that it does not require a text as the basis. Okay. So when we, what do we mean by that? Does that does not mean that we are not going to substantiate, you know, with reference to scripture, but we're just talking about, let's say, you know, it can be social media and it's, and it's abuse. Okay. Let's say, one Sunday you want to talk about that. Right. So you see that it doesn't have chapter and verse. Right. But when we are actually expanding on the message and we are pointing to that theme and we have the different points and different sub points, we will have scripture references, which will substantiate what we are saying. But the topic itself need not be from a verse, right, from a, from a text, scripture text. Right. So, so we start with the topic and then we go to the main, main points. And, and these main points could have several scripture or maybe it could have sub topics, also sub points. And it, it gives us an understanding of what the Bible talks about that particular topic, you know, is there, is there something that the scripture talks about, you know, and, and I remember, you know, when we had a research subject, like people actually took topics which were quite, quite unusual, you know, the topic of social work and, you know, is that, what does the Bible talk about that social work and also and things like that some, some unusual topics about women in ministry and, and, and, and, and also something about, so these were some of the topics, but so the topics can be very, very interesting and the topics can be very sometimes controversial, etc. You know, but it, it's, it's since we are looking at scripture, the objective of it or the end result of it will be that at the, at the end of the, the message, the audience will get to hear or understand what does the Bible say about this? Okay, let's say the whole thing of maybe homosexuality, gay marriages and all that, you know, which is, which is what you see in society. So let's say you, you're sharing about that. So you're going to be, you know, taking scripture to sub, to really to add weight to what you're sharing. And by the end of it, like the audience would have gained an understanding of what scripture actually what God says about this particular topic. So that is, that is what would happen. Okay. So the emphasis is on the subject matter or the subject of the topic and not really on a one text. Okay. So that's something that we need to understand. Okay. So what are some examples? Okay. You know, several examples given here. Okay. So one example in your notes, if you see, it's like reasons for unanswered prayer. Okay. So it's a six point message. What are the reasons for unanswered prayer? So if you notice every point there has a different scripture reference, it is from elsewhere, you know, it could be anywhere in scripture, right, from the Psalms, from James, from Matthew, from Proverbs and 1 Peter 3, etc. Right. So it talks about, you know, so various things that we various scriptures, right, all through we see that. Okay. So some reasons for unanswered prayer, asking a miss, you know, you are not doing ask according to the will of God, you're asking that you might spend it on your own pleasures. That's what James four talks about. Okay. Maybe there is sin in your heart, you harbored sin in your heart, your motives are not clear, and therefore, you know, we don't receive doubting God's word. You know, we doubt God's word. James one talks about that he who doubts is like a, like the waves of the sea, he's, you know, you cannot expect to receive anything because he's doubting. Maybe, you know, it's vain repetitions. It's just a, you know, it's just a traditional prayer. You don't believe there's no faith in it. And it's a vain repetition. Okay. I'm going to say this 10 times 15 times and at the end of it, hopefully, you know, my prayer will get answered. No, vain repetition, disobedience to the word. My life does not reflect the truth of God's word. Inconsistent behavior in marriage, right, a conjugal relationship, right? It's talking about marriage and it says one Peter three, very clear, you know, husbands, well, we are wife with understanding, so that your prayers may not be hindered. Okay. So several things. Okay. So what, what would happen at the end of the message? Well, the person gets an understanding of the reasons for unanswered prayer. Okay. So you go through this. These are some reasons. And this is what the word of God talks about unanswered prayer. Okay. These, these are some reasons. So, you know, we, now we looked at six and I'm sure it just expands our understanding. Okay. These are the reasons why prayers cannot, prayers are not answered. Okay. So similarly, you know, different topics like peaceful life, hopeful life, et cetera. See now, a topical sermon has its advantages. Okay. In the sense, well, based on the topic, the person gets to know, okay, what does the word of God say? What does the word of God say about this particular topic? Yes, definitely, you know, that's, that's, that's an advantage. But also it can be restrictive in the sense, you know, here are some six points, right? We looked at six things. Now, there could be more. Okay. There could be more. But the thing is that we may not, for the lack of time or whatever, we may not be able to, you know, look at everything. Right. So, in that sense, it could be, it could be restrictive. Okay. It has some constraints. It may not be complete, you know, the, I'm sure there could be more six, right? More than six unanswered prayers. And also, sometimes we may not be able to look into the complexity of answered prayer, unanswered prayer, you know, it might seem very simplistic. Okay. In the sense, you know, there could be, there could be a complex, you know, like number of factors. But then what we are presenting could be very, very simplistic in that way. Right. Yes. These six, you know, backed up by scripture, you know, for sure. But maybe there are some very complex factors, right, which we may not be able to address. So, in that sense, a topical study, you know, though it has very good advantages, in that sense, it may not, you know, be able to fulfill all that. Right. Well, we know that. We know that. And then we still use a topical study. It's good. And maybe one way to overcome that is do another, you know, study on the same topic where it's a slightly more deeper, slightly more expansive, you know, study, a deeper study. So that's one way to overcome it, right. Because maybe at one level, you might, maybe you have one hour, you have two hours, and then you dissolve as you did. Right. And you do, you come back with another, you know, a deeper study at a deeper level. And you could, you could do that. So those are some ways of overcoming that, you know, that disadvantage. Right. So it's a topical study. Now, topical studies are great for, you know, if you're, if you're having a small group, if you're having a, you know, if you're just meeting together as a, you know, maybe a small gathering, you know, topical studies are great. It will serve that purpose. People are gathering together for a Bible study. Typically when we say, you know, a small group meeting, a home group meeting, a Bible study, you know, this would really, this would help, right. This is something that, that would help, be helpful. Okay. Okay. Next one. What is the next one? It is textual sermon. Okay. So in a textual sermon, it is different from a topical study in the sense, we are here in a textual sermon, we look at a scripture verse. Okay. We look at a scripture verse, we look at a text, what we refer to as a text, and we begin with that, we start with that, and we explain that, and we begin with that. Okay. So it's not a topic, but it's a text. So it's a verse. Okay. So, for example, it could be a, it could be a verse like, I'm just, I've opened up a 1 Corinthians 4, so I'm just looking at this, you know, let a man so consider us a servants of Christ, and servants of the mysteries of God. So that could be a text. So it could be an explanation of that text. So you will talk about, you know, what, why, who said that, and where, where is this text, and what is the context in which this text is found, you'll get into that. So it starts with the text itself. It does not start with a topic, right? It starts with the text, it starts with the scripture itself. So the points of that sermon, or the divisions of that sermon outline would come from the text. Okay. So, you know, if you look at some examples here, okay, examples, John 3, 36, he who believes in the sun has eternal life. Okay. A life that never ends. So if you see the points there given there, I'm just looking at the notes, right? It says, okay, the sun, he's the provider of eternal life. Okay. The condition of the heart to receive eternal life is one needs to believe. So it is available for whoever believes. It talks about the certainty, right? He who believes has eternal life. It talks about the duration, you know, the life that is eternal. So everything is derived from the text. It's as if the text is dissected, right, into many parts and all the points are taken from the text itself. Now, to substantiate each of these points, we could be quoting from or drawing from other texts, like for example, we're saying the sun. Okay. So in order to describe or to give, or to explain the provider being the sun, you know, we could refer to other scripture, we could refer to John 3, 16, we could refer to other scripture and talk about that, right? Okay. Okay. So we'll stop here. So we've looked at topical sermon and we also looked at, just started with the textual sermon. We'll continue with this in the next class, right? Okay. Thank you. God bless.