 Several viral infections can lead to hearing loss, which may be congenital or acquired, unilateral or bilateral, sensory neural, conductive, or mixed. These viruses can directly damage inner ear structures, induce inflammatory responses, or increase susceptibility to bacterial or fungal infection. Some of these viral infections can be prevented or treated, and guidelines for their treatment or prevention have recently been revised. This review outlines the viruses that cause hearing loss, their epidemiology, course, prevention, and treatment. This article was authored by Brandon E. Cohen and Durstenfeld, in Pamela C. Rome.