 At International IDEA, we define democracy as popular control over public decision-making and equality in the exercise of that control. In our global state of democracy indices, we measure democracy through five-corner attributes. Representative government, fundamental rights, checks on government, impartial administration, and participatory engagement. In order to assess country's democratic progress, we aggregate the measurement of 116 individual indicators that span these five broad attributes. Many of these indicators cover aspects of the Sustainable Development Goals, especially SDG 5.5 and SDG 16. We use mathematical models that combine experts' opinions, like the extent to which political parties are free to form and function, and observational data, like voter turnout or literacy rates, to assess how countries are doing over the years. We aggregate scores from multiple individual datasets, which means our scores are built on a variety of expert assessments. Each of these indicators are scored, ranging from zero to one. If a country scores one on clean elections, for example, that means the vote was seen as a credible. These indicators produce reliable estimates of the attributes of democracy for 165 countries, covering the years 1975 until today, and updated on a yearly basis. These data enable us to describe the ways in which each country has changed over time, including periods during which democratic freedoms have become stronger, and periods during which democratic rights have been threatened. Over these periods, and despite various challenges, we see that democracy has been resilient across the globe. You can explore these data in our Global State of Democracy reports, which are available on International Ideas website, www.idea.int.com forward slash gsod.