 Hello everyone, my name is Victoria Samson and I'm the Director of Space Security and Stability for the Secure World Foundation. Today, the Space Industry Statement in support of international commitments to not conduct destructive anti-sally testing has been released and this is a release event. You can read the statement here at swfound.org slash industriesasat statement. We'll have all the links that I mentioned in the chat. The Secure World Foundation was absolutely delighted to coordinate to facilitate this statement. What prompted this? On April 19, 2022, U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris publicly announced that the United States would voluntary commit not to conduct destructive direct-to-send anti-sallying or DAASAT missile testing and that the United States sought to establish this as a new international norm for responsible behavior in space. As of October 23, 2023, 37 countries in total have made the same pledge not to conduct destructive DAASAT missile tests. On December 12, 2022, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 77 slash 41, which called upon all states to commit not to conduct destructive DAASAT missile tests, which sounds familiar from the other commitments from that national level, and to continue discussions in the relevant bodies to enhance space security. Resolution passed overwhelmingly, 155 to 9 to 9. For more information about this, including fact sheets that the Secure World Foundation put together tracking the 37 countries and counting who have made the commitment not to conduct these sort of tests, as well as following voting on the UN General Assembly Resolution, please visit our website at swfound.org slash multilateral space security initiatives again, the link will be up in the chat and you can see the slide on our website as well. This PowerPoint will be available on the event page after the event. The full space industry statement in support of the international commitments not to conduct destructive anti-sallying testing is available on our website, but I just wanted to read some quick excerpts so everyone following can get a sense of what it includes. It says, in appreciation of the growing number of countries which have made the commitment not to conduct destructive direct descent anti-sallying missile testing, 37 countries, including all members of the European Union, as of October 20, 2023. We the undersigned members of the global space industry, including operators of space systems, providers of space-based services, and users of space-derived services. We are in support of such commitments. We encourage additional countries to make similar declarations, and it ends with each additional country to make this commitment. The world gets closer to a widely accepted international norm that responsible space actors do not deliberately create long-lived debris that threatens the long-term sustainability of space activities. So the 26 companies from nine countries signing the statement have demonstrated an interest in the protection and long-term sustainability of the space environment, including the future economic development of low-Earth orbit. What I'm secure world foundation would like to thank the broad group of space industry actors who have joined us signatories, and by alphabetical order they are Amazon Kuiper, Astroscale, Atomospace, Axel Space Corporation, Axiom Space Incorporated, Clear Space, Comspot Corporation, Deorbit, Digintara, UtilSat Group, ExoLaunch, Exotrail, Hawkeye 360 Incorporated, Iridium Communications Incorporated, Leolabs, Northstar Earth and Space, Obruda Space Solutions, Planet, Privateer Space Incorporated, Rogue Space Systems Corporation, Scout Space Incorporated, Seraphim Space Manager LLP, Spire Global, Slingshot Aerospace, Voyager Space and the World Geospatial Information Council. These industry actors represent a variety of perspectives in ensuring that space is stable, predictable and accessible. As stated earlier, they are headquartered in nine countries, which demonstrates there's truly a global interest in making sure that space is safe for all. And this group includes satellite operators, on-orbit services, SSA companies, space logistics companies, investors, launch brokers and end users of space data. We have startups to not startups, the full gamut of company maturity stages involved in signing this, which again indicates a wide variety of interest in making sure that debris is not deliberately created on orbit to threaten actors in the north orbit. Again, we are delighted to have these companies on board, but this is just envisioned as the start of this process. This statement is still open for additional industry signature. If your company is interested in joining these 26 companies, please visit our website at swfound.org slash industry asset statement. And again, they'll both be there. And then just really quickly, you know, just go over why the Securable Foundation facilitated this industry statement. The space debris from these ASAT tests can be very long-lived. The Securable Foundation puts out an annual global counter space threat assessment that goes into some detail about the history of these anti-satellite tests and is available on our website. I will draw your attention to table 5.1, which details the amount of trackable debris that was created from these anti-satellite tests. Through the course of the space age, 6,850 pieces in total were created. And of that, nearly 3,500 pieces of debris are still in orbit and have the potential to harm spacecraft or humans in low-earth orbit. And in fact, the International Space Station had to move twice in August due to debris from anti-satellite tests. Space debris is agnostic in terms of whether you are an ally or a rival of the country that created it. If you are in the way, that's all that will matter. So now, I'll go on enough about me. We have a fantastic panel of experts from some of the companies that signed this industry statement who will go into why they thought it was so important to be part of this conversation. Introducing alphabetically, we have Iowa Iwamoto, Vice President, Policy and Government Relations at Astroscale Japan, who is responsible for Astroscale's policy efforts in Japan towards space fight safety to achieve long-term space sustainability. She has experience of engaging with issues as India-Japan bilateral relationship, international treaties and arms control disarmament issues at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan. Next, we have Gitenjale Kamat, the head of Legal and Policy at Dijintara, who is a driving force behind Dijintara's legal and policy framework. Her profound expertise in space law and its practical applications in the commercial space industry allows her to expertly navigate the company through intricate regulatory landscapes, while overseeing contractual and regulatory affairs. She holds a cum laude distinction from Leiden University's Advanced LLM Program in Air and Space Law. Dr. Gnieszka Likuszek is Vice President for Government Affairs, EMEA at Planet. A Polish-American national, she has worked with the European Commission, directed genera for internal market, industry, entrepreneurship, and SMEs, space data for societal challenges and growth unit. She also worked with the Directorate General for Enterprise and Industry, Spate Policy and Research Unit. Before she joined the commission, Gnieszka worked for a little organization known as the Secure World Foundation heading our Brussels office. In addition, she is a former chairperson and former executive director of the Space Generation Advisory Council. She obtained a PhD in space security at the Polish University of War Studies. She also holds a master's degree from the Warsaw School of Economics in Management of Space and New Economics and a master's degree from the American University School of International Service and International Politics, plus a bachelor's degree in Political Science from the University of Tennessee. And then finally, we have Jared Stout, who is the Vice President, Government and External Relations of Axiom Space, where he oversees advocacy and outreach initiatives and leads Axiom Space's policy objectives spanning the US government as well as state and regional activities. Prior to joining the private sector, Mr. Stout served in the White House as deputy executive secretary and chief of staff for the National Space Council. Mr. Stout has previously served as chief of staff at the FAA's Office of Commercial Space Transportation. Before joining the FAA, he was a professional staff member supporting the space subcommittee of the Science, Space and Technology Committee in the House of Representatives. So with that, I'd like to start off with a few opening remarks from our speakers. Agnieszka, could you start us off, please? Let us know why did Planet Sign this statement? Absolutely. Thank you so much for invitation. I'm always happy to speak at Suki World's events. I'm, you know, I'm sentimental. I know you guys always organize very high quality stuff. One warning, my son is at home with me year and a half because he's sick. So you might hear this or see him from time to time. Apologies. I have in my little misguided mascara over here that is testing me all the time. So why Planet Sign this? So first of all, you know, most of you probably know about Planet. It's been created about 11 years ago and we are a mission-driven company. We don't just say that we're a mission-driven company. We actually really believe it. We're listed on New York Stock Exchange as a public benefit corporation. And we really are not only legally obliged to adhere to our mission, but it is something that, you know, we're very genuine about it. Our mission is to help life on Earth. And to do that, we're using these tools that happen to be in space. It's extremely important for us that these tools operate in a sustainable way, in a safe way, in a responsible way. And it's important that we can deliver what we promise. We know nowadays we're going through a space renaissance. Humanity is depending more and more on these different technologies. And of course, the data that is coming from satellites and anti-satellite testing is bad for everyone. I mean, there's not such a thing as responsible anti-satellite tests. We all know that. There's absolutely no reason to do that, except just to demonstrate power. So we as a community, a space community, this community that operates in space, that puts a lot of money into space, but also believes that space can have a positive impact on life on Earth, we have to say something about it. And industry here has a voice. We're no longer, we don't live in a time where these topics are only taking place, being discussed around the table between states. Industry has a role, industry has a voice. Planet is the largest operator of Earth observation satellites. We have telecom satellites like Starlink that are largest satellite operators, period. We all have stakes in this topic. And so we as Planet and our co-founders really believe that we need to speak out. We would like to urge the international community to apologize for this. We'd like to urge international community to really take this seriously and to unite together in this statement, in this discussion. So signed the statement, the SIKI World has put together. We have also written, our co-founders have written open letter about the same issues. This is the time to act this now. We cannot wait till another major disaster because it's just going to, I think the cost of pay is going to be too high. I'm going to wrap it up right now. Happy to take any questions now or later, but as you can hear, I have somebody here that is disturbing, but I hope that you got my message. Thanks so much. No worries, Agneshka. Thank you very much. And you know, this is the world we live in. Yeah. Sometimes you have to take care of a sick kid. There's nothing wrong with that. And hopefully he'll be feeling better. And by the way, we are doing this for the future generations, right? So like, Absolutely. A good reminder, this is why we do this, right? Yeah, he reminds me all the time. Great, thank you. I think what we're going to do is we're going to have opening statements from all the speakers and then we'll be opening up some questions from the audience at that point. So if you have questions for the speakers or the panels or what have you, put it in the comments section of StreamYard and we'll try and get to as many as we can. Our next speaker is Aya. You have the floor. Okay. Can you hear me? Yes. Yes, hi. Good morning, good evening everyone. My name is Aya Yomoto from Astroscale Japan. First of all, thank you Victoria for kind introduction and thank you for Secure World Foundation to taking this important initiative and inviting us to a very interesting panel today. So a little bit talk about ourselves. Astroscale was founded in 2013. It is actually 10th anniversary this year. We are developing innovating and scalable solution across the spectrum of on-orbit servicing that includes life extensions or active debris removal or end-of-life services or review link in the future. So in a way at Astroscale, we call ourselves space sweepers. We all space sweepers, we wake up every day thinking about how to develop the technology and norms of behavior that will allow us to keep space safe and secure, sustainable for all and for the future generations. And as you know, our daily life depends on predictable, stable and safe space environment while outer space is becoming increasingly congested and orbital debris poses significant risks to satellites and other assets on orbit. So, and that's a reason, the founding reason for Astroscale and we believe that we need to remediate the space environment to remove the defunct object in addition to existing mitigation efforts or as well as tracking space debris. And I know that companies here in the fellow pan-list companies are working on these technologies. And commercial companies have proposed new and innovative concepts and technologies to make space a more sustainable and safe environment. And in this regard, long lasting debris in crowded orbits are threats to satellites and adds to the risks and costs of operating in orbital environment for all space operators and regardless of nationality, it affects us all. So we believe that intentional and unnecessary destruction of any object in space is considered something not as responsible or negatively affects a global community that relies on the benefits that satellites. We therefore support the international commitment not to conduct destructive anti-satellite testing including the UNGA resolution that Victoria mentioned in the beginning. And I also highlight the reason why we joined this statement. It is actually a commercial space sectors or industries best interest to keep space and sustainable environment. So there is a strong incentive exist among us to operate responsibly in space. And we asked of scale is working with government and commercial stakeholders to develop norms and regulation incentive for responsible use of space. So that's the reason why we support the statement. And we asked of scale will sound with all responsible users of space. And we look forward to continuing a collaboration with partners across government, industry, academia and civil society to promote best practices or to promote space sustainability, which I think is very important to collaborate with everyone for more safe sustainable space and more for a secular economy in space. Yeah, with that, I wouldn't mind statement. Thank you. Thank you, Aya, we appreciate it. Great, and our next statement opening statement will be Gitanjali, Gitanjali. Gitanjali, it's really a privilege to be a part of this panel and I thank the Secure World Foundation for this opportunity. Just to give you a little bit of background about the Gantra. The Gantra is a space situational awareness company which is based out of India. At the Gantra, we're working towards building an end-to-end data led infrastructure to catalyze safe and sustainable operations in the space industry. And we're also building a singular platform to support stakeholders across the entire value chain of the industry with accurate data sets and precise determination of orbital insights. As a stakeholder, as a commercial player of the space industry, we believe that it's our responsibility to ensure the long-term viability of outer space by striving for peaceful and collaborative endeavors. And this is the reason why we remain committed to support and adopt practices for ensuring that we have a sustainable outer space environment where the humankind can really flourish for the benefit of the present as well as the future generations. Coming to the reason as to why, as an industry player, the Gantra signed this statement. I think the first point is really that we are living in an era of increasing commercialization which brings with it increasing uncertainty as well. At ground zero, space is hard and space activities already operate at a level of uncertainty. And when there are activities such as DAASATS, it not only increases the costs of launching and operating space assets, but also makes it a challenging task to maintain safe space operations dealing with several technical complexities. So in such a scenario, the uncertainty also affects sources and levels of investment, especially for new space actors who are already grappling with the risk, with attempts to minimize the risk of collisions. And this also has a ripple effect for slowing down the pace at which the space industry can innovate, which can result in a longer gestation period for implementing new solutions. And speaking about the second reason is to actively promote space situational awareness as a method of reducing threats against space systems and to promote transparency and confidence-building measures. And as a provider of SSE services, there is a huge potential to build upon this. One example is to enter into data sharing arrangements with other industry players. And also the fact that we aim to provide a comprehensive knowledge of the outer space environment, which is where space domain awareness services can assess and reduce these external threats. And it's important that the infrastructure that we are gonna set up in outer space is able to conduct this operation safely and we're able to track spacecraft operations throughout its life cycle, right from deployment until end-of-life disposal. So I think that's the main reason why we signed the statement and I'm also happy to answer any questions that the audience may have. Great, thank you, Kijindali. And then our last opening statement will be Jared. Jared Stout. Thanks, Victoria. First, I wanna thank our hosts at the Secure World Foundation for putting together this event and for doing all the hard work of developing this important public statement as someone who's had his fair share of legislative and policy negotiations. I know that it's no easy feat and the list of industry partners that have signed on so far is quite impressive. It is difficult to get so many of us to agree on anything, which demonstrates, I think, just how important this is to the long-term stability of the orbital environment. As Victoria said, my name is Jared Stout and I have the pleasure of representing Axiom Space today. Axiom Space is building the world's first commercial space station and is guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that benefits every human everywhere. Axiom Space is building our space station by first attaching to the International Space Station and once completed, we will separate and be a free-flying spacecraft that is crewed by our astronauts, our international partners, and NASA astronauts. We are dedicated to the long-term sustainability of the space environment to ensure the safe operations of our vehicle and for access to the microgravity environment for generations to come. Two years ago, Axiom Space publicly and immediately condemned the Russian Federation's test of a direct-accent asset weapon. This recognized that we recognize then and continue to urge that all nations must refrain from these destructive and dangerous actions. In space research, technology development and large-scale manufacturing are critical to developing technologies that will change the lives of billions of people on Earth and we cannot risk that future by utilizing irresponsible weapons in space that do not serve a legitimate deterrence purpose. Our orbital environment is a resource and like any resource, it relies on judicious management to ensure its long-term utility. What many of us here are building in space has never been done before. We're making decisions today that will change the lives of generations of people through discovery of the unknown. That quest for discovery is only preserved if we ensure the long-term stability of the orbital environment. At Axiom Space, safety is our North Star. The work that we will do in space requires humans to ensure their safety. It is critical that all space-faring nations and those aspiring to access space stand up against irresponsible behavior. Together, we can ensure that these dangerous and unnecessary weapons do not risk to stabilizing our orbital environment and threatening human safety. Axiom Space urges commercial industry to support this important policy and for policymakers around the world to endorse the initiative. Thank you very much for the opportunity to support this event today and I look forward to the discussion. Great, thank you, Jared. Before, you can see the comment section is lining up with questions and thoughts from our audience and we'll turn to some of the questions that have come in from there. But I'd like to take the moderator's prerogative to ask the first question. We are open to and we encourage more companies to sign this statement. And as this is a sensitive subject, what would you say to industry colleagues who might have been hesitant to join so far? What do you guys think? Who would like to take the first one? Does Franjo want to take it, Ignashka? Yeah, always, I'm sure. I do not take any responsibility you know, on what he says. His views are his own. I mean, I don't really, I'm not really sure why companies wouldn't sign it. It's, I don't think this should be controversial in any way. It's in all of our interests. I mean, we're talking about, you know, it's the tragedy of the comments, I guess. We're talking about an area from which we all operate and which, from which we all benefit and it is in all of our interests that that area, meaning space, as you know, lower orbit, particularly for our reasons, but any space release stays sustainable for a long time. So, and especially every company, you know, that puts satellite space in expensive business. It's a lot of money to build satellites and to launch them. And so if they're going to get destroyed by a piece of debris that was created by anti-satellite testing, then that's not really something that they should want. So if they're hesitant, just send them to me and I'll explain, and Franjo and I will explain all of that to them. Thank you. It's good to have some muscle behind this. Other thoughts from the panelists? Nothing additional? I'll jump in Victoria. So, you know, the, I think the best thing for space businesses is transparency, predictability and having a good sense of what the orbital environment actually looks like when we're talking about doing long-term sustainable operations in orbit and having this risk sitting out there that, you know, some nation could conduct one of these tests and create these orbital debris fields that then we all have to maneuver around really just creates a lot of unpredictability in the system that is not advantageous for continuing to build both our businesses and pipelines of customers. It makes it difficult for investors and customers to see what their long-term plan can be in space, whether that's on a space station or utilizing space data or, you know, any number of things that are going on right now. And even, you know, businesses and the development of industries that we don't even know are going to exist 20 or 30 years from now. I mean, I think most people would have had a hard time predicting 20 to 30 years ago that we would have multiple companies building private space stations in low-Earth orbit. And so there's a lot of opportunity out there, but it requires that safety, security, predictability. And I think these ASET tests are antithetical to those ideas and it makes it really difficult for companies to have a good sense of the environment and to attract those investment dollars. Thank you, Jared. Aya, you can tell me, do you guys have other thoughts on this? Yeah, I may jump in. I agree with what everyone said, previous speakers said, but I'd just like to add that this is kind of kind of a chance for space industries or operators to make our own voice heard or express our views on space governance. We are also part of the big space community and this is a very important issue for that affects us all. So I think, yeah, I feel like why not join if there is a chance to express our voice to make the space for a better place for everyone. Thank you. Thank you. Keetanjali? I completely agreed with the rest of the panelists. I mean, to not support, you know, not conduct DAASAS is to really look the other way when you talk about space sustainability and as a responsible space stakeholder, we simply cannot afford to do that. We cannot deal with the consequences of the aftermath without really going to the root of the problem, which is why there is an urgent need to pay attention to sources of orbital debris and even at an international level, given the lack of enforcement mechanisms that we have to govern situations of in orbit collisions as to who assumes liability, who's at fault, so on and so forth. You know, given this context by signing the statement really industry players can help preserve the stability and sustainability of outer space and also simultaneously cooperate with one another offering solutions or services that can really promote transparency and build confidence. Great, thank you. And with that, we have some time to answer some questions from the audience. Our first one is from Eric Berger and it's kind of along the same lines of the question I just asked, but his was a little maybe more specific. In the past, rock a company CEOs like Peter Beck have raised concerns about debris and finding appropriate launch windows. But I know that there appear to be no launch company signatories here. Why do you think that is? I don't know if the panel wants to answer that. Kind of the same lines is what we just talked about, but if anyone has any thoughts on this, go for you to jump in. And if, I'm sorry. Yeah, I don't really have an answer to be honest, but I think it's a very good question. Like I wonder myself and I'm not, do you, I mean, I'm assuming Victoria that you've been reaching out to them. So this is maybe more a question to you the secure world. What have you been hearing? Well, you know, we reached out to a wide variety of industry actors and I would just emphasize that this is not a one and done type process that if launch companies want to sign on, I think this would be definitely something we'd be welcome to have them do when they're ready for it. And hopefully, you know, this, as I said, this will be the start of the conversation at the end of the conversation. Because as you said, you know, as we brought up, this is something that's a true concern for all aspects of actors in space. And, you know, not just the operators of the people using the data, but those trying to get objects up into orbit. So hopefully we'll see some more of that soon. And again, I recognize there's a whole host of reasons my companies may or may not have signed this, but as you guys will indicate it, I'm biased, I think it makes a lot of sense. And I'm hoping that more companies will be able to join on as time goes on. With that, we actually have a question specifically for Gitanjali from Pranav Satanya. He says, how has Indian government responded to the private industry's calls for committing to the DAA satin moratorium? What do you think is holding them back from making such a commitment? So of course, from the perspective of industry, my understanding of the precise strategic and policy reasoning behind India's stance and the rationale for abstaining is limited. Of course, because I wasn't involved in the decision making process or was made aware of it, but going by India's explanation on its abstention, it was more to do with the form and manner in which the resolution was to be adopted and not so much with the substance or the objectives. In fact, India made its preference very clear and shared its concerns about the dangers arising from orbital debris and the threat that it poses to the safety and long-term sustainability of space activities. At the same time, it made its preference very clear for universally acceptable, verifiable and multilaterally negotiated legally binding instruments. So I think that would be my response to the question. Great, thank you. Actually, you're an India expert as well, but what's your take on this from an outside perspective? No, I think Dhanjali gave a perfect answer. I understand that it's more like the principle that India has for, I think, disarmament arms control discussion. So hopefully, having said that, I know that India is committed on CT, I mean, nuclear side of, they have a voluntary moratorium of nuclear tests banned. So I hope that India will join the moratorium in the future. Thank you. I hope I won't offend anyone. I think that's a fairer statement. And then just pointing out again, the UN General Assembly resolution, 77 slash 41, India actually abstained, did not vote against it. And that's the resolution that called for, the support of the ASAT test moratorium and called for more countries to do it. So I have hope that perhaps we'll see more countries come on board. And that's also part of the reason why Secure World Foundation wanted to facilitate this statement as we wanted to demonstrate our support of the ASAT test moratorium and to show to countries that companies in the industry, the space sector, absolutely find it useful of an interest. And so we would, we're hoping that this will help maybe relieve some concerns that countries might have had in making the neuronal declaration that it can make us conduct destructive anti-satellite missile tests and to join in the 37 other countries that have made this statement. One of the things actually getting Jolly brought up raises is related to one of the questions we've gotten in the chat from Jen Adams from Rogue Space, who I will point out, Rogue is also a signatory of this industry statement. Thank you, Rogue. Jen says, in light of the UN forming a new working group to discuss a treaty that enhances security and space, couldn't ASAT test ban be the subject of such a treaty? So just for some background there, actually next week in Geneva, there'll be the start of a process called a group of governmental experts looking at legally binding approaches to prevent arms race in outer space. They'll be meeting for two weeks in, well, this month and then two weeks in July and then starting up a whole series of conversations. Yeah, so just with that background, does anyone have any thoughts on this or I can keep on talking? So Victoria, I saw also that Eric Berger had a question that was similar about getting more countries to sign an agreement to ban these types of tests. And I think that should be our ultimate goal is to get agreement from as many nations as possible that there are other ways to handle national security issues in space. We don't have to resort to these types of destructive, debris creating events that hurt all of us. The orbital environment, of course, is not owned by any one country. It's not like airspace above your country. When you create these orbital debris events, it lasts, in some cases, it can last hundreds, it will all be gone by the time this debris comes back down. And so it's really important, I think, that we continue to build as much consensus as possible among all the nations of the world that are interested in utilizing the microgravity environment. And at Axiom Space, we are finding more and more countries that have not traditionally been involved in space that are interested in utilizing the space environment, whether that's through private astronaut missions or it's microgravity research or other types of technology development. And if we have this specter of these debris creating events in space hanging over us, it makes it very difficult for us to achieve all of the goals that we have collectively, both as an industry and really as humanity, for the things that we wanna do in space. And so I think it's important for us to continue to urge as many nations as possible to follow these, follow this example that the US is setting and make sure that folks understand that the danger is inherent in testing and utilizing these types of weapons. Thank you, Jared. Any other thoughts from the panel? With that, I'd actually like to, just since Eric asked specifically about what we hope to achieve with this statement, is the attempt to spread more countries signed on to a ban on ASAT testing. So just to be clear, this statement specifically follows the unilateral declarations by countries saying that they themselves are making a commitment not to conduct destructive DA ASAT missile tests. So these are non legally binding. The idea is we support this unilateral effort by these countries and are hoping that more countries will also make the unilateral commitment. As well, the statement actually says we encourage additional countries to make similar declarations. So again, that's the idea behind this industry statement. So I wanna make clear the industry statement is just in support of the unilateral declaration and calls for more countries to do it. Now, if you're asking me, Victoria Sampson, what do I think is a possibility for the future? In, you know, should these discussions what could happen in the future? This is something that my colleague, Brian, and I have written quite a bit a lot about recently with the idea that perhaps this is a starting point. And at some point, you know, we might even see a legally binding treaty banning destructive anti-salate missile tests. Having said that, that is not what the statement says. I don't want all the companies who sign this something saying, well, that's not what we signed on to. But that's something that me, Victoria Sampson, has thought about like, this could be a possibility in the future. But for right now, I think we're really delighted that the industry is so committed to making sure the space environment is predictable, sustainable, and safe over the long term that they have signed on to the statement supporting these emails. So I'll probably beat that in the ground, but just to make clear. We actually have a really interesting question from Lindsay DeMarkey, where she says, I'm curious about the extensions of this principle that increased debris is at risk to predictability and safety. What other professions do you see the industry taking in the same spirit? Who would like to answer that question? Anyway, then I'll jump. So your company is very supportive of cleaning up the space environment. What other industry norms or ideas do you think could be along the same lines you're seeing in terms of space sustainability and just thinking about for the future? I mean, we're looking at all kinds of different international initiatives in which we partake. Anything from space traffic management to space immigration guidelines to space situational awareness. So I think it's important to have a discussion in the community together with the public sector and private sector. So all the operators and come to some sort of best practices norms of behavior. It is something that I think it's happening more and more. I think we have that there has been a progress. There's still a lot of initiatives and it's not quite clear which one is the right one and which one is going to have the most, let's say traction. But I mean, for instance, I'm based in Brussels and I really cover a lot what EU is doing and these topics are quite a priority these days for the European Union. So they are actually drafting now the European Space Law which is solely just focusing on space sustainability and we are industries participating in public consultation. So this is just one element of like let's say one element of the puzzles that is the space sustainability asides extremely important element, but just one. Right, thank you. And I think the idea is that there's no one silver bullet that will make sure that space is sustainable and predictable, but there are many things that can be done to help with this matter. And we've seen that in terms of a lot of the industry organizations talking about best practices and norms of behavior to make sure that space is not cluttered or hampered in any way. Jared, you guys are looking at building people in orbit. What are you guys thinking in terms of some of the industry precautions that are in the same spirit as this question? Yeah, so this is actually a perfect segue because we were talking about SSA, space situational awareness and the space traffic management system that's currently being put together by the Department of Commerce in the United States. But another piece of this that I think is really important is answering some questions from a legal and regulatory perspective about mission authorization. And in the United States, we have been wrestling with this question for quite some time, as long as I've been working in the space industry, about how to manage activities of private entities in orbit where there is not a clear authorization and continuing supervision mechanism in those countries. And I think having a clear, predictable, transparent system of regulation or legal structures in place that allows us all to know where is everybody operating? Where are you planning to move to if you need to move somewhere? And for all of us to be talking to each other and having a central repository of that data, I think it's really important for all of us to make sure that we're not putting our assets in situations where we could create additional orbital debris or create threats to human health and safety. So that's a really important part of this that I think we're really struggling with in the United States about what the right answer is. You know, we've seen so far the House Science Committee has put together a version of legislation for consideration by the House on authorizing in-space activities. We understand that the Senate is also working on their version of the bill. And then of course, the administration has been talking about this through the National Space Council for about a year. And so I think that's another really important step that we need to take both in the United States and then globally for making sure that we have these organized systems where we know where these assets are gonna be operating, perhaps where they're moving to so that we can all make sure that we have eyes on our neighbors and that we're all being good neighbors in the orbital environment. Words to live by. Thank you, Jared. Gitanjali, Israel just released a national space policy earlier this year that kind of divided up the responsibility between civil space and commercial space within India. And I'm curious to know, what is the Indian new space system in terms of working on sustainability of space within this, I guess, enhanced role that they have thanks to ISRO, again, focusing on commercializing allowing for more access to commercial space in India. India is always strongly believed in upheld space debris mitigation and adopting and adhering to sustainability measures. And we're going to have a new legal framework which is going to come into fruition very soon when there is going to be a lot of emphasis on space sustainability. And like Jared mentioned, it's very important that launch authorizations licenses contain these or address these aspects in great detail. So that is something that India is definitely is looking forward to adopt. And just from the industry perspective as well on an international level, I think it's like everyone mentioned the buzzwords being transparency, predictability, certainty. I think that's extremely important. It's important for industry players to continue to share and exchange ideas and solutions with one another, forums such as the Paris Peace Forum, the Net Zero Space Initiative or the guidelines that have been formulated by Converse on rendezvous and proximity operations. I think those are really the future and they will fasten the process of achieving our sustainable goals. Thank you. We're getting near the top of our hour and being respectful of everyone's time. I'd just like to give the opportunity for the panel. Looking ahead, where do you see, what do you think the next steps could be for this? Looking to ensure that space is sustainable and predictable and safe, in particular in regards to the statement. Where do we go from here? Or if you have any last thoughts, if you had like one thing you'd like people to remember from your thoughts and your words today, what would that be? Victoria, I'll just say, I think leadership matters. It really matters. And this industry has grown and changed so much over the last 20 years. And we all have a responsibility as operators in this environment to take care of it and make sure that it continues to be available for future generations and future industries and all sorts of things that we don't even, we can't even imagine what's going to exist in the future. It's imperative that we all act responsibly. And as responsible actors, I think it's incumbent upon all of us to continue to speak to our home countries and really any policymaker that'll listen to us about the importance of preserving and protecting this resource that we have. Because once we lose it, it'll be almost impossible to get it back I think. So it's really important for us to continue to push forward important initiatives like this one and to continue to work with our policy makers to ensure that we have that predictable and transparent, those predictable and transparent regimes in place to ensure that we will always have access to the orbital environment. Thank you, Jared. What but who else would like to go? Perhaps Kineshka. Yes. Yeah, I'd like to second everything that Jared said. It was very well said, but I would like to also add that for particularly for companies, for industry, it's important to take a stand on these issues. We cannot count on governments to figure this out. And if we want to operate, if we want to operate safely, like we need to speak up and participate in sort of initiatives. And I would like to really encourage everyone to do so. And the first step would be to sign the statement that has been put together by Secular Foundation. Thank you. Thank you. Aya, last thoughts. Yeah, I'm trying to be brief, but I think we all meaning that all the space actors have different kinds and different level of responsibility. And for this DASAT testing, primarily I think states. So as industry, we sort of encourage other states to join this moratorium or moratorium. At the same time, we, as industry, as everyone said in the previous discussion that we have been engaging the develop, engaging activities, developing best practices. And we also have to continue our efforts, what industry could do, what is our own responsibility to make space for preserving space for everyone and for future generations. So there are different kinds of responsibilities. I don't know responsibilities or to make space more sustainable. Thank you. Great, thank you. And then finally, wrapping it all up, Kitanjali, what are your last thoughts? I think pretty much echoing everyone's thoughts here, but just to also acknowledge the fact that at the end of the day, Earth orbits are finite resources and the irreversible nature of DASATs worsened the uncertainty which satellite operators face in terms of detecting, tracking, and performing timely maneuvers around debris clouds. And really because such issues slow down the pace at which we as an industry can collectively innovate and grow, and given the fact that it places the future of space infrastructure in peril, I think it's important to engage, and make continuous efforts to engage in these forums and exchange dialogues and cooperate with each other within the industry as well. And I think it's important to emphasize upon transparency and confidence building measures as really being the key to achieve this particular nature. Great, thank you. Before we leave, I have a few quick ads, so to speak. In 2022, the Secure World Foundation established the SWF Space Sustainability Research Fellowship Program. The results of this year's cohort of research fellows were released on the webinar on December 1st. I encourage everyone to sign up. Dr. Olga Voluskaya was one of our researchers and her research focused on the nature and legal effect of non-lingually binding commitments. The recent UNGA resolution on ASAPs, nationally allowed all declarations to not test or conduct ASAPs and related issues. And our other researcher was Ben Silverstein, who focuses research on what types of behaviors and threats can space traditional awareness verify, and what types of verification are possible in the context of ASAP prohibitions and related matters. So that again will be December 1st. It's an online webinar. You can learn more about it on our website. And then finally, the sixth summit for Space Sustainability will be held July 11th and 12th, 2024 in Tokyo, Japan. This is a high-level multi-day event focusing on developing solutions for space sustainability. And it is hosted by the Secure World Foundation and the Japanese Cabinet Office. For more information, please go to our website, swfsumma.org. And so with that, I would love to please join me in thanking our speakers for today for sharing their insights. And of course, thank you all very much. And of course, I'd like to thank the 26 companies who signed the statement. And again, if your company is interested in also signing the statement, please visit our website at the URL below. Thank you all. Have a great day, great evening, great recipe week. Thank you all very much. Bye-bye.