 Welcome to the webinar, everyone, increasing revenue streams with smart backhauling solutions hosted by SES Networks. I'm Laura Noland of JSA, the webinar moderator. Our topic today is increasing revenue streams with smart backhauling solutions, where our panel of experts will discuss the finer technical points and larger business ramifications of satellite-enabled Middle East connectivity. We've got a great group of panelists today. Joining us, you'll see Imran Malik, SES Sales Global Vice President, Ahmed Nawaz, SES Middle East and Central Asia Sales Director, and Mohamed Abbas, Public Policy Director for the Amina Region at GSMA. We're gonna talk to all of these great panelists in just a moment, but before we get started, we do have a few housekeeping items to talk about with you today. If you have any questions throughout the session, just feel free to type them into our Q&A section throughout the forum. We're gonna do our very best to get to all of your questions through the time we have together today. Or you can also type your questions into the chat and we will monitor those questions throughout the webinar and send them to our panelists. Okay, well, let's get started on our topic for today, increasing revenue streams with smart backhauling solutions. Our panelists today are from SES Networks and GSMA. SES is the world-leading satellite operator and the first to deliver a differentiated and scalable GeoMeo offering worldwide with over 50 satellites in Geostationary Earth Orbit Geo and 20 in Medium Earth Orbit Meo. They are a provider of global managed data services to some of the world's largest telecommunications and cloud service providers. SES connects and enables broadcasts, telecom, corporate and government customers to enrich the lives of billions of people worldwide. And kicking off our webinar first is Mohammed Abbas of GSMA. Now GSMA represents the interests of mobile operators worldwide, uniting more than 750 operators with almost 400 companies in the broader mobile ecosystem including handset and device makers, software companies, equipment providers and internet companies, as well as organizations in different adjacent industry sectors. Okay, Mohammed, welcome and the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Laura. My name is Mohammed Abbas and I'm calling from Tunisia, Tunisia in North Africa. And as you said, I will be representing the mobile industry. I work as Public Policy Director for GSMA in the Middle Region. And before I start, let me please thank the extended SES team for this kind invitation. And I'm really happy to be with you here today and to exchange with my friends. We'll be talking about mobile trends in the Middle Region, what is the current situation, what is our forecast over the next four to five years period and what would be the impact on backhaul solution for our mobile operators. So first thing I think we need to start with is to define what is Middle Region. Maybe some of our attendees don't know it. Middle Region is what you see here highlighted in yellow. It's a 1,600 million population and it has an interesting geographical location. It sits between Europe, Africa and Asia. It is also a highly diverse region both economically and technologically. Economically, we have countries like the GCC countries like Qatar, for example, has been over the last decade on the top five worldwide GDP per capita countries. So very rich countries. In the other side, we have poor and very poor countries like Djibouti, Somalia and others. From technological point of view, we have the Gulf countries, which were the pioneer among the pioneered worldwide to assign 5G spectrum to deploy 5G networks and launch commercial 5G services. And the same for Saudi Arabia, for example, as we speak now, have more than 3,000 5G beta station operational which is amazing even if compared to the larger countries in the developing world. In the other side, we have countries like Mauritania, like Iraq, like Djibouti, where the most advanced technology, as we speak today, is 3G, so not even 4G. So one of the lessons I personally learned from working at GCCME over the last four years in the region is there is no one-size-fits-all policy or technology for the region. The whole bunch of policy and of technology here we talk about, about, backhaul is needed in the region since we have that amazing diversity. And this naturally leads to a diverse connectivity landscape. As of today, 10 countries in the region have unique subscriber penetration rates of more than 70%. Unique subscriber means if one person has two SIM cards, it counts one, it doesn't count two. We talk about people here. This is great, 70%. If we compare with the global average of 60%, we have 10 countries doing better. However, there still remains a significant connectivity cap in several countries in the region, six of which have unique subscriber penetration rates of less than 50%, which means in those countries, more than half of population doesn't have a mobile connection yet. Globally, by 2025, there will be more than 600 million new mobile subscribers. 71 million of them will be in MENA. MENA will, new subscription in mobile will represent almost 12% of the global new subscription. While, as you can see on the left side, Asia Pacific will represent a larger portion of the new mobile subscription over the next period with almost 41%. With MENA, mobile users are increasingly migrating to mobile broadband services, which have become the primary form of internet connectivity given the underdevelopment of fixed broadband infrastructure network in many countries in the region. It is driving rapid acceleration in mobile data consumption. Among all regions, MENA is expected to record one of the highest growth rates in mobile data traffic between 2019 and 2025. And very soon, in coming few months, 4G in MENA will overtake 3G and will become the dominant mobile technology in the region. And by 2025, we expect 5G connection in MENA will represent almost 6% of the total connection. Those 6% are represented here. We talked about it. We expect almost 50 million 5G connection in MENA region by 2025, shared, as you can see, between GCC Arab State, 18 and 13 in the rest of MENA. Here we see the 5G status as we have it currently now. So we have 5G commercially available from 46 operators in the world in 25 markets. And 79 operators across the further 39 markets have announced plans to launch soon mobile services in the next few months. In red, countries region where 5G is commercially available now and in blue countries where 5G will follow very soon. Migration to 5G, coupled with better 4G connectivity, enhanced number of mobile application content affordable handsets. All this will lead to an increase in the smartphone connection globally and in the region. More in 5G globally by 2025 will be smartphones. In MENA, 74% of global connection will be smartphones by 2025. This will lead to an increase in mobile data usage, obviously. Global mobile data usage will grow almost by four times by 2025, as you can see on the left. So will reach really amazing amounts. We talked today, the average worldwide per user is 7.5 gigabits per month. It will go up to 28. This is really crazy. If the city is listening to me, he will tell you, I don't have the network to carry all that data. We need to build the resilient network. We need to have the proper strong back calling networks to support all this huge amount of traffic. In MENA, it will increase by 5.3 times. It will go from 5.3 as current average per user in gigabits per user per month in the region up to 28 also. What we can see here also is that the half of world population has a mobile data connection, what we can see on the left. 3.8 billion people only in the world today are using mobile internet. By 2025, it will go up to 5, but still not too much. There's a lot to do. We need to join forces, mobile industry, satellite industry, governments, verticals, all. We need all to join forces to connect those unconnected. I can say it's a shame today that only half of the global world population is using mobile internet. We need to do more. In MENA region, today, we have 40% of our population is using mobile internet and it will go up to 5152 by 2025. So we have seen very quickly some insight on the mobile industry as it stands today and some forecast by 2025. What do we need to do to answer those challenges? What impact on our network? What impact on the backhaul of mobile operators to be able to carry that inclusion in traffic in the coming very soon period? My next slides I'll be quickly talking about backhaul and then leaving the ground to tomorrow I need to talk about backhalls. Let me very quickly explain to some of our audience who maybe know what is backhaul. Actually, backhaul is connecting points of a network. That's the easy way to define backhaul. Technology that allows mobile operator to connect points of their network. It can be delivered through a variety, wildline and wireless technology. The choice of which depends on several factors such as capacity, cost, reach, latency and geography. There is something you don't need to forget from this. Graph is 1.1 US dollars, trillion US dollars. This is the amount the operators globally will be investing in their network over the next five year period. Almost 80% of the whole capex will be in 5G. You can see a comparison between the regions in North America. 87% of the total investment will be in 5G capex. While in Minna region, over the next five years period, 68% of the total investment will be in 5G. And that's normal if we compare the maturity on 5G in the regions. Regions like China, Europe or North America are most advanced in other regions. So it's normal to see higher ratio for 5G capex in those regions compared to others. So 68%, we've seen here 68% for Minna region, investment will be in 5G capex. So how is it shared between the coming years between 5G and non-5G? 2020, this is our year. 30% of mobile operator capex in Minna in 2020 was and still is on 5G. We talk about 9.5 billion US dollars to be invested by operator in Minna region this year, and 30% of that. And as you can see, the level of investment in network will keep increasing over the next year. And 5G portion will keep also increasing to reach 81% in 2025. What is the implication of that on mobile back calling investment? You can see here is the portion of the investment on capex by mobile operators globally are shared between components of their networks. So the larger components in video access network, and this is normal, the trend is same as you can see everywhere. So let's focus on Minna region. 51% of capex investment of Minna operator will be in radio access network, and 17% of their investment will be on back calling, and then the other component of their network. This is an interesting slide. Globally, wireless and fiber-based solutions accounts for most mobile back-haul links with significant regional variation. Let's compare for example, Europe, which is in the left side from 1070 to 2025. We see microwave solution portion in 2017 was 78, 77% of the total back-hauling solution. By 2025 that will be reduced to only 60%. We'll see a much more fiber everywhere. The trend is same thing. We'll not see any more copper in Europe by 2025. We'll still see some copper links in Minna, in Sub-Saharan Africa, but no more in the most developed regions in the world. Why the fiber is taking the largest portion? This is normal as we need fiber to be able to carry that huge amount of data our network will be asking to carry. And let's go to see how Minna looks like. So we'll still have by 2025, largest portion will still be in microwave, almost 76, 77%, and then second will come fiber, then satellite and then copper. So satellite will stay somehow stable, less copper, less microwave, but more fiber. We did, we sent a questionnaire, JSA-MA to our members all over the world. And one of the questions to that questionnaire was on a scale of one to five, one being not important to all and five being very important. How important are the following factors when selecting backhaul technology? The graph you see now summarizes the aggregated feedback we received from members in, this is Minna. So meeting the capacity requirement of 5G is the most important factor for consideration when a CTO or a CTO decide to invest on a backhaul solution. So number one is capacity. Number two is reliability. We need resilient network, we need strong networks. And these benefits are counter-balanced by the total cost of ownership. As you can see cost comes in second position with equal with reliability. So these are the three factors. We need our backhaul network to be able to carry that, to have the needed capacity and we need to rely on that network, but also we need to be mindful of our cost and to, it has to make sense when we have to choose the appropriate technology. As a result, operators in Minna region see wireless satellite and fiber backhauling solution to keep playing complementary roles in the backhaul landscape in the region. Fiber will be mostly deployed to carry data traffic in core and intercity networks while wireless microwave backhauling will support last mile access in urban and dense urban areas and along with satellites. It will support last mile access and aggregation in suburban and rural areas where the capacity demand is not reduced. And I will go to my last slide. As a summary, as I said in the beginning, Minna is a diverse region in terms of mobile market maturity and overall telecom infrastructure development. And this is also true for 5G deployment. Mobile operators in the GCC at states are amongst the global leaders in 5G commercialization, but the technology, this 5G technology is still many years away in frontier markets in the region. The region as a whole continues then its transition away from 2G centric services to higher speed mobile broadband services. And as I said also in the beginning, there is no one size fits all technology or policy. All the backhauling solution will remain relevant and needed and complementary in the region over the next four to five years period. With this, I end my presentation. Thank you all of you. Merci beaucoup. Thank you very much. And please, if you have any question, I'll be happy to answer. I give the floor to our moderator now. Thank you so much, Mohammed. Great presentation. We've gotten some feedback already in the chat and the Q&A and we have some follow up questions for you just a minute. So you're not out of the hot seat just yet. We do have some folks who have been signing in saying where they're from. We'd love to hear where you're watching from and joining us from. We've got Singapore and Luxembourg and all over the world. And then please feel free to ask questions along the way and be part of our conversation and put those questions in the chat box or the Q and in the chat box, make sure that you select all panelists and attendees so we can all be part of your question and be part of the engagement. You can also put your questions in the Q&A which we've also received a question we have. Let's see here. Let me pull up the question. We've got Ahmed Dewan. He is the CCO of Corkatelle in Iraq. And he would like to follow up to your presentation, Mohamed, if we could possibly address this now. The question is to Mohamed, what would be the role of the GSMA in terms of awareness and encouraging the operators adapting, deploying the 5G technology despite all the challenges they're facing, starting from the huge investment, getting into the monetization and including attractive use cases for the consumers. Thank you for your question, Ahmed. That's Ahmed Dewan and Mohamed, would you like to respond? Yeah, of course. Thank you for the question. It's a good question actually. And as I said, MENA region is diverse and has its specificities. We have countries that are ready and that already launched 5G services but we have a whole bunch of other countries. Some of them are now working on their 5G roadmaps country where 4G is kind of mature now but we have also a third kind of countries where 4G is not even there. So there is no one recommendation. We work closely with governments, with policymakers in the region and one of our recommendation is 5G is good. We wanna see our region, we wanna see advanced, we wanna see the most advanced services deployed in our region but let's say it clearly, most of our countries are not ready today to move to 5G. There are a lot of things that we need all together to do to prepare to pave the way to 5G from policy, for example, perspective. So in our advocacy effort, what we say to our stakeholders from the public policy side is let's work together, open the debate to the industry, talk to operators, talk to verticals, listen to them, they have a lot of, they're facing a lot of challenges, build together a 5G roadmap, give them that visibility, where do you wanna go as a country, as a government and as an industry, we can support that vision but you need also to listen to our problematics. We are paying a lot of money for our licenses, for spectrum fees, for tax. Regulation is not fit to purpose in many countries, there are still a lot of barriers, still a lot of monopolies. So really, there is a lot to do before we move to 5G, we wanna a successful launch for 5G of those countries. We have mid-income and poor countries in my region, countries that cannot afford to mistake their transition to 5G, we need to be really careful and we need to prepare the way as I said, thank you. Get off me. Thank you so much for the question, Ahmad and Mohamed for answering that question. Real quickly, before we transition to the rest of our panel, Mohamed wanted to see, following up to your presentation is, when will the 2G services be completely phased out and then when will 5G be deployed in the region? Okay, that's a good question also. Actually, we started seeing now in the, mainly in the Middle East region, regulators launching some public consultation about phasing out 2G or 3G, asking communities, asking operators what they think about that. What I can see here is the best thing always is to discuss with industry, with stakeholders in each specific country. Of course, we wanna move to most advanced technology, but it has its issues, its challenges. Let me give an example, Egypt for example. Egypt is 100 million population country and 20 million people in New Egypt today are using feature phones, phones which are connected to 2G network only, not even 3G or 4G. So if you wanna move to 5G or switch off 2G, switch off 2G or 3G in a country like Egypt as an example, we need to be mindful of that situation. What will we do to those 20 million population? We need to give them smartphones. We need to explain them. We need, there is a change management. We need to be mindful of that. And not only that, most of the licenses of our operator in the region are linked to technology. When they bought the 2G or 3G license, the spectrum they got at that time is linked to 2G technology or 3G technology, for example. So today, switching off 2G means that they will not be able to use that spectrum, for example, 900 megahertz net in 4G or 5G. So there is an issue here also from policies point of view that we need to fix. What I can say is best thing to do is discuss, list the challenges and face the situation and then move to switching off 2G or 3G depending on the country. But I don't expect to be honest, the whole region to switch off 2G or 3G over the four to five years, maybe you will see that in UAE, in Qatar, Saudi but not more than that. Wonderful, thank you, Mohamed. We appreciate your question and please keep them coming. We've got the rest of our panelists team here ready to answer those questions and we're gonna meet some of the rest of the panelists in just a moment. So Mohamed's not going anywhere, so if you have more questions, please send them on in. Now I would like to invite Imran Malik. He is the SES Sales Global VP and Hamid Nawaz, the SES Middle East and Central Asia sales director for their perspectives on smart backhauling solutions. So Imran, Hamid, welcome and the floor is yours. Thank you, Laura. Hamid, can you upload the presentation please? So we've been providing cellular backhaul solutions by a satellite around the world for quite a long time. And today we just wanted to share with you our perspective and what the biggest takeaway from Mohamed's presentation is that there is going to be a $1.1 trillion worth of investment in the next five years and this is only in the hardware. So what this basically means is that in order for the operators to recover this investment, a lot of new revenue generating schemes would have to come in place and essentially a lot of people would have to be connected. So new green field opportunities come to mind, providing better services come to mind. So essentially there's a lot of activity that's going to take place. And as Mohamed described, backhaul is the essential part of any mobile network. So today we look at backhauling from the perspective of an operator. So essentially what that means is that the operator has many choices when it comes to the transmission medium and it so happens that satellite is not the first choice. And if you recall one of the graphs that Mohamed had shared with us, it did show that the share of the satellite in the backhaul is quite low. So continuing on, so from a mobile operator's perspective, the biggest challenge that they have is since satellites have to be a bit on the expensive side as compared to fiber or as compared to terrestrial microwave. So the biggest challenge is that they want to make sure that the business case is justified. So everything that we do is to make sure that we can meet the requirements of the business case. And four things stand out. I've been doing this for over 20 years and essentially as we have transitioned from 2G to 3G to 4G, four things stand out. The biggest one is the coverage. So what do I mean by coverage? So every operator has some requirements to fulfill in terms of some obligations that are part of their licensing and they're required to cover a certain percentage of the population. Usually it's in the high nineties and in some cases they're required to cover the entire country geographically. And this all has to happen in a very short period of time and this creates a lot of challenges. So covering a city where there is an existing fiber network is easy. Going out of the city with a couple of microwave hops is easy but when you're trying to cover very distant parts of the country, then you need to be creative and especially if there's limited amount of time. So coverage is one key parameter that people look at and the choice of the backhaul medium is to expedite this. And interestingly, coverage is not just limited to countries where the, or to the frontier markets as Muhammad had described them, but coverage is also very much an issue in the developed world. So for instance, one of the projects that I'm leading these days is related to coverage in Germany where one of the operators has been fined for not meeting their obligation. The second thing that mobile operators look at is the capability. So mobile operators do not necessarily have in-house satellite capability. So they're looking for someone who will take care of their network or the backhaul needs by a satellite end to end against a very, very tough SLA. Because keep in mind for mobile operators, the service, the network uptime is paramount because any outage directly is directly proportional to loss and revenue. Then costs efficiency is very, very important and why is it important? Because every country that you look at has multiple mobile operators. So this is great because the regulators want to avoid the monopoly type of situation. But in so doing, they have perhaps created a situation where the competition has heated up. What this basically means is that for the same number of subscribers is intense competition which drives the prices down and which puts an intense pressure on the optics. So profitability is always, always challenged. So every mobile operator that you can come across always is looking out to efficiently reduce their costs. Then finally, we look at the operations. Operations is where the service uptime has to be higher if not compatible with the rest of the network because an outage directly results in the loss of revenue. So let's do a little bit of a deep dive in all of these four different parameters. So let's first look at the coverage. So a mobile operator has three choices. They can either deploy fiber. Fiber is very much limited to the urban situations where the capacity requirement is very high. Then the second choice is microwave which is a wireless in Mohammed's slide if you have that slide in mind. And then when you go towards the edge of the network you have satellites. So satellites are able to provide you with the capability to increase your coverage almost overnight. You don't really require to dig ditches to lay out the fiber or to have very expensive multiple hop microwave networks. And in terms of the reliability, it's interesting to note that as compared to fiber and microwave, the points of failure in a satellite network are just three. So you have the transmitter station, you have the satellite itself and then you have the receiver station. The challenges are obviously the capacity. The latency is a challenge in traditional satellites which are located in the geostationary orbit and the economics because satellites tend to be a little bit more expensive. So at SES we are addressing three different types of backhaul. So we are using our multiple orbit fleet. SES operates more than 50 satellites in the geostationary orbit. Majority of these satellites are what we call wide beam satellites which are ideal for broadcast type of application. Then we have three very high throughput satellites and then we have a constellation of medium earth orbit satellites which has been in operation for the last seven years. And we've also announced a next generation of very, very high throughput medium earth orbit satellites. So we can provide backhaul service directly from the tower just to cover the access. So in the 2G world, this would be a backhaul circuit between a BTS and a BSC. In the 3G world, it would be going from node B and in the 4G world you're directly going from an E node B back into the network. Or we can aggregate traffic. So this is not a new concept. So this is establishing a transmission high site where multiple towers are bringing their traffic which can then be efficiently backhauled using a satellite terminal. Or the third one is very, very high throughput requirements just for interconnecting MSCs or core networks. So this is an interesting application and believe it or not, our biggest opportunity in core backhaul happens to be in the United States which is the most fibered place on earth or one of the most fibered place on earth. Then moving on to the capability part. So what are the expectations from the mobile operators? They expect a native layer two connection. They don't want to be able to waste their time in integrating a backhaul network into the network. So we're able to provide a native layer two network with multiple VLANs which basically ensures that we can provide 2G, 3G and 4G simultaneously. And Hamid, my colleague will share with you an example where we are doing an aggregation model to support 2G, 3G, 4G backhaul simultaneously for multiple mobile operators. And then in terms of the requirement from the MNOs they would like to be able to support not just voice but also data and in data, the different priorities for video and just plain data. And as Mohammed pointed out, the world is going towards 5G. So growth is paramount and growth what it basically means for the backhaul is more and more throughput that would be required. So we are able to support, Hamid, if you can go to the next slide, we are able to support 2G, 3G and 4G. This can be done individually from the powers or using a geostationary satellite or it can be done in an aggregation model using a medium earth orbit. So 2G is not sensitive to latency. 3G can still live with the latency but for 4G and beyond latency becomes paramount. And it's interesting, one of our customers commented that the worth of a megabit which is backhauled on our medium earth orbit satellite constellation with lower latency, for them it's worth more than the same megabit that is being built backhauled on a traditional satellite and they compare it in terms of the KPIs with fiber or with microwave. In terms of the cost efficiencies involved, as I pointed out earlier, the customers are very, very keen to make sure that their costs are manageable because they're under intense pressure to maintain profitability. And you can well imagine what would it take and how long would it take to recover or break even for a 1.1 trillion dollar investment. And another big takeaway for me from Muhammad's presentation is that 2G is not going anywhere, so countries like Egypt where 20 million people are relying on 2G, just imagine how many more people are still relying on 2G in countries like India or Pakistan or Indonesia. So 2G is really, really not going anywhere. So how are we able to lower the costs? The costs can be lowered by innovations, by producing more bits in the same hurts. So the spectrum is used more efficiently. So the satellites happen to be our core competency. So we are able to, we have many, many innovations in these satellites ranging from the high power transponders which enable us to use higher order modulation schemes to high throughput satellites. So we've deployed a very large network in Indonesia which is back calling thousands and thousands of remote sites and then the lower latency which is made possible by our ability to operate a medium orthopedic constellation. So this in tandem with the advancements on the ground side, the ground segments, we're not an equipment manufacturer but we do use the best in class in terms of the choices that are available to us. So a combination of these is able to produce more bits in the same hurts and that consequently we're able to lower down the cost of doing business. So Hamid has a very good example towards the end of this presentation where he walks, where he'll walk you through the evolution of a mobile backhaul via satellite and you can then appreciate how technology or what role technology has played in reducing the costs of a megahertz. Finally, we come to the operations. So what do the satellite operators bring to the table? The satellite operators bring their knowledge and expertise in managing and operating these satellites. However, that's not enough. The mobile operators do not want to have one contract with a satellite operator, then another contract with a hardware vendor, then another contract with an operator who would put everything together. So they are looking for a one-window operation. So one entity is responsible for an end-to-end KPI and this is what we are providing and keep in mind downtime at a base station or at a note B is directly proportion to loss in revenue. So MNOs are very, very picky about the KPIs and the mean time to restore if there is an outage and also in the uptime of that site. So in this diagram, we offer the satellites. We provide the gate barrier station. We also provide the customer edge terminals and we integrate the edge terminals with the mobile network, whether it's 2G, 3G and 4G. And in a very few cases, we've also gone in and managed the tower and the power as well. One case is in Myanmar, where one of our customers wanted us to manage the tower infrastructure for them. And another case is in Chard in Africa where we're managing the entire remote site. With this, I think let's hand it over to Hamid. He'll take you through a few examples. Hamid, over to you. Thanks, Amran. I hope I'm audible properly. Perfect, Hamid. Okay, perfect. So once again, thanks to Amran. You have already covered the key considerations for closing a business case for satellite backhaul in case of mobile operators. So I would go through the deployment cases and then we will deep dive into those smart backhauling solutions which actually brings increased revenue streams or enhancements in the revenue streams of the mobile operators, as well as reduces their costs effectively, as well as give the quality of experience that they are looking for 2G, 3G and 4G backhaul. So the deployment cases, we would talk about the rural or remote site connectivity, which is usually driven by universal service obligation fund. Then there would be a case of adding resilience to the already, I would say, relatively unreliable terrestrial media. Then there would be the cases where newer revenue streams would be the outcome, which is bringing into that of things machine to machine connectivity or in certain cases, public safety networks as well. So here I'm just going to very quickly give you our coverage in the region. We have eight satellites at seven orbit positions for Middle East. We have been in Middle East for a long time. We have a full-fledged office and covering the region in Dubai. Then we have got 20 Mio satellites, which were previously known as, which is an O3B constellation. Then we are going for 11 Mio next-generation satellites. You may have heard of O3BM Power. We have got six teleports serving the region, one regional office, as I just mentioned. Then we're providing solutions to mobile network operators like STC in Saudi, JAS in Pakistan, Talanar Pakistan, Avantelecom, Orido. And then we've got a couple of very, I would say, experienced service providers who are eventually providing services to mobile operators like Supernet. So I'll go into the example of Geo-based, or I would say a use case or a success story. So this is one of the Geo-based, satellite-based mobile backhaul network. We have, they have two 6.3-meter hubs located one in Karachi in the south of Pakistan, one in Islamabad, north. The two hubs provides, of course, network resiliency and ensures maximum network uptime. We've got 82, 3.8-meter remote earth stations. You can see one of the earth stations here in the mountainous remote site region. Then the challenges that, or I would say, the value add that we have brought in into the network is we have reduced their optics for their existing network. There was no need of any equipment replacement and the mobile operator is able to provide new services, and which definitely meant newer revenue streams. And that too, without the CAPEX investments on their reset network. Yeah, so the problems we have been able to also solve, I would say, while we have achieved this outcome, we were able to give the design which matched their high traffic requirements because Pakistan is also a very high population. And even the remote areas, we do not see those kind of pockets where it could be covered by a shared reset network. So these are dedicated SCPC networks with, and when we go into the details, when we go to deep dive, we will see what value add where we have been giving and you will also see how much data we have transported. So if you see what's happening here because it's mostly 2G data, so it is symmetric, 424 megabits each on the transmitted and received side, then it goes through, there is a base band optimization happening through IP protocol processors. This adds around 50% optimization. Then it goes through carrier and carrier function, which means the transmit and receive both share the same frequency, goes through to the satellite. And once, in case of satellite, it's a high throughput satellite means, meaning that higher order modulation and coding is possible. And hence, and this goes on and it is a connectivity between IP BTS and BSE and in certain cases Enode Beast with their IP core. So the outcome is where I would like your attention here. So we were able to actually support a throughput of over 848 megabits in 79 megahertz. And this would be, if we compare it with the traditional satellites, it was 175 megahertz. So this is, I would say, an example of a smart backhauling solution, which has definitely reduced the operational expense of the mobile operator, as well as giving them the capability to launch more services apart from 2G because this network traditionally was a 2G network. Now, we come to the MEO part. So again, we are seeing here in the pictures, the gate, one of the typical gateways of O3B, or MEO. So these are seven meter antennas in Karachi, Pakistan and you're seeing typical remote sites. These are 2.4 meter antennas in different cities or towns of Pakistan where the remote sites are getting connected through an aggregate, an aggregate data stream is coming on, if you can see this tower. So the whole idea is that to economically make it possible for mobile operators to have especially 4G and also 3G and 2G to be transported over this very high throughput satellite link, it was essential to make point of presence which could be shared by different operators. So essentially, we have developed multi-tenant, multi-operator point of presence where if we go to the next one, you'll see exactly we have been able to make three mobile operators actually connect to those remote terminals and we were supporting 1.1 gigabits of traffic through this network. And in 2020, we were able to or I would say the capacity increased to 2.2 gigabits and with MEO satellite solution, now SCS I would say is competing with fiber and effectively we have increased the satellite addressable mobile backhaul market size with this MEO. So essentially not only we have reduced the optics of these mobile network operators, but we were also able to increase the market size, I would say, because previously mobile operators were hesitant in going into these newer geographical regions and in a sense to newer geographical markets because the backhaul cost was a big barrier. So there is where we at SCS using both MEO and geo technology solutions, we have been able to close these business cases. So very quickly we go through the mobile backhaul evolution we're starting in this decade, starting from 2000 to present. So in 2000, if you could see one E1 link or one two megabits per second link was actually occupying 3.8 megahertz. There was some development in 2004, it still was TDM traffic, it was simple as CPC with drop and insert. So sub events was also possible and then the idea was to start small and then grow as the traffic grows. So then in 2006 we were able, we saw carry in again, this is as Imran pointed out, we have been, we of course are leveraging the ground technologies as well. So this is primarily about the ground technology development, carry in and carry out. In 2006 onwards we were able to get this 50% ground saving from CNC. Then in 2009 to 2013, we were able to further go and support the higher order modulation encoding and one E1 became possible to be packed in 0.83 megahertz. Then with IP transition coming in, there was a challenge as well because the information rate actually increased as compared to TDM and the packet size reduced for voice traffic and hence there was more data to be transported. Thankfully it was addressed by the IP header compression which was possible, number of packets were too large as compared to TDM traffic. So in any case with CNC, with combining IP traffic with CNC, we were able to do six megabits in one megahertz. Now in 2017, if you see it's a major shift in both sides and I'm talking of in this context of cellular back calling in Pakistan. So that's why I would say 2017. Otherwise with MEO we had started service in 2014. So for GEO with high throughput satellite, we are able to just give you the example of how we were able to transport a large amount of data within a smaller number of megahertz. So effectively we were able to transport 11 megabits in one megahertz. It's a major transformation. And in parallel for those applications which actually are best suited for low latency networks of the fiber like performance, it's MEO. So moving on, we now are looking at 2022 where we will be able to commercially with what we are on track to commercially launch O3B Empower, which will again be in MEO orbit, but it will have added features then are MEO, yeah. So thanks and any questions please. Thank you so much, Hamid and Iman. I appreciate your presentation. We've had a lot of feedback and activity in our chat and our Q&A section really engaged and really wants to continue the conversation. So I do have a question for you, Hamid. The question is from Ali Akhtar. The question is in the roadmap that you've shown after O3B, I understand that the next big development will be O3B Empower. One of the barriers that we experience with the O3B is the ground terminal, the complexity and the economics of which do not allow widespread geographical deployments. With O3B Empower, can we expect to bring MEO class of services to the geographies where the current business case is only possible through geo-terminals for lower capacities? Great question Ali. Hamid, wanna tackle that one? Yeah, yeah, sure, sure. So I think this is quite a, it's very relevant question, very good question. So I'll just go directly to the product features that we envision for the Empower and the mobile backhaul solution with Empower. So we anticipate that we should be able to support data rates starting from 50 megabits onwards. So I think that that is the space that Ali has asked for. Then remote terminals, we are anticipating that it could be around from one to 1.2 meters and the single tower possibly flat panel we get to see how it develops. Then the terminal cost range would also be much lower than the current O3B one. So we believe that we have a play in the space where there's a moderate capacity single tower or tower cluster, it would be latency and capacity combo actually versus geo. And then it would be, there will be an option or the capability of bandit or using bandit pooling without reconfiguration. So, and of course the in-country gateway advantage. So I would foresee that we should be able to support these kind of challenges with O3B Empower, thank you. All right, we have another question, this one for Imran. Just wanna make a note real quick. We are tight on time, this hour has just flown by. So thank you all for being with us this entire time. So we have another question, but please keep sending them as we're still having this conversation and the team of panelists will follow up with you with answers to your questions. Okay, so Imran, this one is from Ahmed Dewan. He says, for mons, it requires a big investment to tie up with satellite services, not mentioning the latency issues in QoS. That's why we tend to be more in preference into the fibers and microwaves most of the time. Will SCS consider a revenue share model with mons where they do all the cap, all the investment on behalf of the operators, CAPEX, OPEX, based on a share of revenues generated providing the service? I believe this would be a competitive edge for satellite providers to improve their presence and would help increase the penetration and satellite tech footprint. Thanks for the question Ahmed. Imran? Ahmed, thank you so much. I think this is a great, great question. So we are going through a transition. So the first part of the transition is that instead of asking our customers, so we are investing in the hardware. So the managed service model that I'd shown you earlier, we are responsible for buying the hardware, we are responsible for deploying it and we are responsible for maintaining it. However, we are asking the customers to pay us the CAPEX cost for the backhaul. The first step in the direction that you have pointed out is a model whereby we are only charging on a pay-per-use basis. I guess the second step would be a purely revenue share model. We are open to suggestions. A revenue share would basically mean a lot more due diligence. We will have to be a partner on the ground with the mobile operator to understand the market dynamics, to have a role to play in selecting the sites, et cetera. We did, by the way, deploy this model in Brazil, for instance, where we went into the Amazonia region, where satellite was the only option. The MNOs were reluctant to go there. We deployed everything along with a local partner and from scratch, we are now backhauling multiple gigabits of traffic. But excellent idea. We would like to explore more with you on this. Thank you. Thank you for that question. We do have a few more questions that rolled in, but unfortunately, we are out of time. So this conversation is going to keep going with our panelists offline and we'll make sure that we'll get to your questions in a timely manner. We appreciate everyone joining us today and a special thanks to our panelists, Imran Ahmed and Mohamed for your insights. We do have contact information. I believe we had a slide that popped up just a little earlier to show how you can get a hold of our panelists. You can even follow them on LinkedIn and reach out there for comments and questions and more information. And again, thank you to all of our panelists for your time and thank you, our audience, for joining us and participating with some great questions and conversation throughout our presentation. So thank you. We appreciate all of your questions and interest. Thank you and we'll see you next time.