 Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic is Unfair Labour Practices on the Part of Employer or the relevant section that is section 31 of the Industrial Relations Act 2012. My dear students, the heading is Unfair Labour Practices on the Part of Employer. Section 31, subsection 1, no employer or trade union of employers and no person acting on behalf of either shall impose any condition in a contract of employment seeking to restrain the right of a person who is a party to such contract to join a trade union or continue his membership of a trade union. So, section 31, subsection where he says that no employer or trade union of employers or any person on their behalf is not able to impose any condition in a workman's work contract that he cannot join a trade union. He can join a workman of his choice of trade unions. If any contract has such a provision, then it is void. The employer or trade union of employers or any person on their behalf refuse to employ or refuse to continue to employ any person on the ground that such person is not a member or office of a trade union, then the employer or trade union of employers or any person on their behalf will not refuse to employ any person on the basis that such person is an employee or trade union officer or member. The employer or trade union of employers or any person on their behalf will not discriminate any person on the basis of employment, promotion, condition of employment, working condition of employment on the ground that such person is not a member or office of a trade union. Employer or trade union of employers or any person on their behalf, the deep part is that dismiss, discharge, remove from employment or transfer or threaten to dismiss, discharge or remove from employment or transfer a workman or injure or threaten to injure him in respect of his employment by reason that the workman is or proposes to become or seeks to persuade any other person to become a member or office of a trade union. So this activity is that any worker or union of employers or any person on their behalf will not discriminate any person on the basis that such person is a member of a trade union. These are a lot of things that come in unfair labour practice on the part of employer. So the employer, if he does this work, then these unfair labour practices on the part of employer are called. The employer or trade union of employer or any person on their behalf, he cannot compel or attempt to compel any officer of the collective bargaining agent to arrive at a settlement by using intimidation, coercion, pressure, threat, confinement to a place, physical injury, disconnection of water, power and telephone facilities and such other methods. The employer or union of employer or any person on their behalf will not compel any workman or any collective bargaining agent to arrive at a settlement by using intimidation, coercion, pressure, confinement to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place. The employer or union of employer or any person on their behalf will not compel any workman or any collective bargaining agent to arrive at a settlement by using intimidation, coercion, pressure, confinement to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, physical injury to a place, that complete secession of work is likely to cause serious damage to the machinery or installation and has permitted temporary employment of a limited number of workmen in the section where the damage is likely to occur. You would be enlightened to know that unfair labour practices are being stopped because they are not a part of civilisation and the workmen are being given independence in a specific area so that through the proper democratic process they can go to trade unions and get their rights. Hope you have understood the topic. Thank you very much indeed.