 Hydrothermal liquefaction, HTL, is a process which converts a wide variety of biomass into liquid fuels. However, these fuels often do not meet the standards required by modern transportation systems. To address this issue, several techniques have been developed to upgrade the quality of the resulting bio crude. These include solvent extraction, distillation, hydrodeoxygenation and catalytic cracking. Each of these processes has its own advantages and disadvantages, but when combined together, they can create a high quality fuel that meets the standards of modern transportation systems. This article was authored by Jerome A. Ramirez, Richard J. Brown and Thomas J. Rainey.