 Welcome to cyber security for a new America. I come out of foreign policy originally. So for me, particularly foreign policy and national security, when I hear cyber security, I think national security. I think defense. I think countries. I think the future of war in many ways. And that is what a large number of people in this town think of when they think of cyber security. But of course, recently, when we think of cyber security, we don't just think of countries, but we think of companies. And we think about how those two things are intertwined. Because if we're talking about Sony and cyber security, we're also talking about the United States and North Korea. So now we think of cyber security as military, but also commercial, and how those things are intertwined. But of course, independently of national security, companies are worried about cyber security simply from a straightforward commercial point of view. So those two areas I think most people think are, yes, right down the fairway when you talk about cyber security. But that's only a part of the picture. And the large part of what we're going to do today is to flesh out that picture. So obviously, the other, the next place we think about cyber security, which is rarely married, is consumers. So think about Target, think about all the places in which consumers, all of us, like me, go online and do most of our shopping online, hand out our information. Consumer security is cyber security, every bit as much. But then think also about students and job seekers and readers. Some of New America's cyber security work has been done in libraries. The place where many low-income people first encounter computers and have very little idea about what security means. Often they are either completely worried and afraid to do anything, which of course harms them in this world. Or they have no sense of what the dangers are. So educating lower-income people or middle-income people, but people who, and frankly, a lot of older people who are encountering the cyber world for the first time, that is every bit as much cyber security. Activists, activists in this country, activists around the world, people who are doing things that governments may not love. Our government, other governments, even people who are doing things that corporations may not love. Citizens, citizens' cyber security is every bit as important as national, high-level cyber security. So thinking about cyber security in the context of all the different sectors of the United States and thinking about how as we go forward to different kinds of conflict, a new economy, a new and much more active citizenry in a politics that has to be renewed, that's what we're thinking about when we talk about cyber security. There are lots of opportunities here, as I just laid out. We've got lots of little silos. One of the first things New America wants to do is break down those silos and bring together people who are thinking about cyber security, whether they use that term or not, from multiple vantage points. We want to learn from all those sectors. We want to collect ideas from those sectors and think about the newer ideas in terms of how we both conceptualize but also actually implement cyber security. We also want new voices and as I've described, there are many people who are working on cyber security from a citizen point of view, from an activist point of view who very rarely actually talk to folks who are thinking about it from a national security point of view and yet we absolutely have to bring those new voices into the debate. So New America combines all those things. I am the president and CEO. You have to have a little ad for New America here. We bring together a tremendous international security team but we also bring together the Open Technology Institute with people who are working on consumer and citizen security and more importantly, simply keeping the internet as open as we possibly can consistent with the demands of security for everyone. We're also trying to do this in a from a multiply geographic perspective. A couple of people here from California were saying that they should have little circles on their badges to indicate that they are both tired and cold and certainly on the cold front. So we want to be doing this here in DC, in New York, in California and we hope in other nodes around the country bringing together new voices, big ideas, technologists and policy experts from multiple places in the country. We also want younger voices. It is in the State Department, Alec Ross would always talk about digital natives and digital immigrants. I'm a digital immigrant. Most of the people who are making decisions on cybersecurity are digital immigrants. We need the digital natives. We need many, many younger voices in this conversation. And we need media relationships that expand beyond the more specialized columns and policy outlets and journals that speak to a very specific group of people. Cyber security has to be demystified and talked about in the same way we would talk about any other major public issue whether that's education or conflict or health. New America thinks about itself in terms of big ideas, in terms of being at the intersection of policy and technology and in terms of being connected to communities. What we hope to do with our cybersecurity initiative is to create networks, national networks with lots of new voices in ways people who are not here but who can be an equal part of this debate. We want to do this nationally and we want to do this internationally. If we're standing in Germany at the moment, this debate would look very different and the United States would not look wonderful either from a national point of view or a commercial point of view or a consumer point of view. So we want to do this internationally as well. We want to focus on big ideas, that is our trademark and solutions. Also events that we can hold both physically as here and virtually. And finally, we want to think about how you implement actual solutions. So what are people doing on the ground in individual libraries or NGOs or companies or cities? How are these different groups thinking about cybersecurity but not just thinking about it, actually doing it? And how can we plug into those networks and learn from them? Finally, I want to end with what we don't know and what we, a little note of humility. We obviously don't have all the answers, that's why we're starting what we hope will be a multi-year initiative. We are anxious to build networks and create a very inclusive project. We are well aware that there are other groups in universities and policy institutes and we think in cities and in NGOs working on these issues and this should be what I think of as a collaborative coalition, right? Lots of people thinking about different dimensions of this problem. We also want to include the folks in the government who are thinking about these issues, not only national government, but again, city government, even local in some places. And finally, in terms of really learning things and advancing ideas that are not part of the current debate, it is essential to be convening unlikely bedfellows. It is essential to bring together the civil libertarians with the national security establishment, not just in terms of yes, we want everything to be consistent with everything else. It's easy to say that. The problem of course is there are really tough trade-offs to be made and we want people who are advocating for lower income groups of various kinds and how they engage with the cyber world, talking to large corporations, just as examples, bringing a very diverse group of people together and we will be starting today and I for one am very excited because I actually get to sit and listen and take notes and think all day. So with that, I'm going to turn it over to our first panel and welcome. We're delighted to have you here. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. It's a little bit cold today, but we have to go through. So what is like to get hacked for your beliefs? I believe to get hacked in the US is really different than to get hacked in Europe or in Middle East, especially nowadays. So I will go through kind of like my personal story and why I'm here in the US today. So back to 2011, I used to live in the beautiful Damascus and at that time the civil movement started at the beginning of 2011 and a lot of people, they joined the civil movement when it was peaceful and most of these people, they were really aware about how our government is really strong regarding the civilians and the technology they had and they still have actually regarding civilians and all of control for the internet and the infrastructure. At that time, the Syrian government used to block the old social network and only the people with a good background with the knowledge about cybersecurity, they had access to the social network because it was blocked. In a very smart movement, at March 2011, the Syrian government removed the old block on the social network and these people who they were like, they needed to see what's going on, they joined the social network and it became a really huge movement. It was good for the government because they were collecting information but it was not only for collecting information, it was not only for social engineering, let's say, prospect but it went more deep into cyber attacks. Back to actually June 2011, in old Damascus, I got the chance to meet one of the British journalists that he came to film or to film a documentary about the civil movements, Sean McAllister, he worked for Channel 4 and he asked me actually if he can join me in the training that I used to do for activists and lawyers back at that time, teach them exactly how to protect themselves online and he found that but there was kind of agreement between us, like, okay, I will allow you to film this but at the same time you have to, I mean, at least encrypt your data and you let me teach you how to encrypt your data because you're here in a tourist visa and they can't just arrest you for any matter and I teach him, actually, I taught him how to encrypt his data and he's a film maker, he knows how to put the blood on our faces. He did his movie, he filmed a lot of people, a lot of very important sources also. October 18th, it was 1 a.m. at night, I received a message from a mutual friend and he was actually assisting Sean that Sean McAllister got arrested in a coffee shop and I have to go hide myself because they arrested a lot of people that they worked with and they got his storages, his backup. In my message, I asked him, is the data was encrypted? Do they got access to the video? He said yes, they got access to everything. Actually, he did not encrypt anything and it was kind of like underestimating for the power of the government back at that time. In a very famous coffee shop in Damascus, he was sitting and having conversation with other guy and both of them, they got arrested. Milan Jamal, he was with him at that time and he's still in jail until today. Manal Janabi, she was arrested for three months, then they released her and actually, they removed her from the country because she is not Syrian. If you're talking about cybersecurity for activists, but actually, it is important to know that technology today is really helping. Technology is playing two roles and they are very two important roles. It's connecting people very good, but the other side, there are a lot of technologies that they're helping governments to get access to information. I believe now in the new modern movements, governments get access more to the information than comparing to before. A lot of companies, Blue Code, which is a US-based company. I mean, it was the main provider for DPI technology for the Syrian government, Deep Packet Inspectioned, which allowed the government to get access to the, even to know the encrypted data that we were transferring between users. Actually, they were transferring in Syria. For example, a very simple face recognition technology that Facebook use, imagine if that technology, or actually it is available, in the hand of Syrian governments or any other repression governments, how powerful that will be. Today, ISIS, and actually, I don't know if you've heard, ISIS started to develop a malware comparing between the Syrian government, which they started developing malware after six months of their social engineering hacking techniques. ISIS started with the malware recently, and here they are, very active. They have access more than the Syrian government, by the way, because they are not under sanctions. As most of them, they have foreign or passports. So here we are, I move today to the US. IC project is a group of engineers we're trying to help people. We're trying to connect people on the ground with technology makers here in the US and different places, explaining for them that this technology is good to use, but this is not good to use. You have to improve this technology to make it better to help people. At the same time, we're trying to protect people on the ground by teaching them. And at the end, I just want to mention that it's not only Syria, it's half of the world that it's being ruled by governments like the Syrian government and many other governments. And today I can see that the threat is not only, it's not, they're not only threatened Syrian people, but they're threatening everybody outside. And we've seen recently how ISIS was active online. At the same time, the Syrian military army was active online. Technology is so fast. I see a lot of growing up in a technology that at the same time, I see there is a misconnection between all of these departments. That's what exactly lead us to the problems that we use to face in Syria. So I hope conferences like this, events like this will bring people from different places so they can talk to each other and understand what is good and what is bad. Thank you so much.