 Rwy'n meddwl am y dyma, mae'n fath o'r hyn. Rwy'n meddwl i'r ffrindwyr hefyd ar y dyma'r ffordd Cymru, oedd eu bod yn ymgyrch yn eu gweithio ar y brydau Llyfrgell Cymru. Mae'r cyhoedd ymddir i'r cyffredin yn bwysig, sydd ymddir i fynd i ei ddweud hyn a'r ddweud yn ei wneud o rhan o ffór yn y rhan ffordd. Rwy'n meddwl i'r bwysig ar y cyhoedd yma, rydw i'n meddwl i'r ffordd cyhoedd yw'r ffordd Cymru, that isn't the one they currently have on them today. So it looks like, you know, a good two thirds of people in here. In the UK it's quite sad. It's only around 10% of smartphones that when people are finished we've actually recycled. So using this room as a representative sample of the UK as a whole, it means that there's definitely a huge ton of smartphones that have basically sat at the back of people's drawers and doing nothing. A gweld o'i gael 18 oedd, rwy'n gweithio'n gweithio gwnaeth Cymru, sy'n ddaeth i'w ddweud oherwydd gwrthodd fel ymwneud. A byddwn ni'n ffawr hynny ddweud o'i gweithio'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud, i fod yn ei ddweud o gwbwysig, i'r gweithio'r ddweud, i'w ddweud o'r wdeithio'r ddweud, i'r ddweud o'i ddweud o'r ddweud. ac nืida Caergyn cyfnir, umbylliant dylau dim gimwayn y strain. Felly rydw i'w'n drwy'r project hyn. mae'n rhoi bod yn gynnwys iawn y 165-th anfersofydd ddaeth y Ddyn nhw. Felly, ydych chi'n ddweud o'r Eustryan Ddwylliannol. Mae'r rhai ddechrau yn y cyflwyno. Felly, mae'r ydych chi'n ddweud o'r Eustryan Ddwylliannol yn y Llyfriddol, byddai'n arweinyddio i ffordd. Mae'r rhai ddod o'r maes gan mwyaf o'r eustafell ar y syniadol. Felly, ydych chi'n ddwyll i ddweud o'r eustafell, a'r oed yn y ddwyll yn yr hyn oedd. mae'n bwysig i'r ystod, ond mae'n mynd i'ch gweithio, a chi'n byw'n ddych chi'n ymwneud yn y rwynt, a'n gyfyrdd o'r ddwylo i'r oedd o'r gwrdd o'r gweithio. Rwy'n gofio i'r ystod o'r fennys i eithaf i'r fennys. Rhaid i'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddwylo, mae'n ddwylo, mae'n ddwylo i'r dronys. Mae'n ddwylo i gweithio'r ddwylo, mae'n ddwylo i'r ddwylo i'r dronys, There are even things like Hunter Hawks who remain as controversial as ever. When we looked around, it wasn't all bad news, this thing is quite cool Sie haven't seen it cost about £20 off E by, the world's smallest drone that fits on the palm of your hand and they think it's so light that even if you crash it there's hasn't enough energy to destroy itself but I'm not entirely convinced. We thought to build a drone. We had started looking what you do now to build a drone? The first thing that we did was look online, and people said, You can build your own drone using things like an Arduino or an Arduino, which is great, if you want to add one to three. Most drones need sensors to know where they are and things like that.giggling also need to be able to control the drone around the sky. You then go and hit eBay and buy all these random things, barometers, GPS, things to log, cameras, you can take all selfies, you get all of them delivered when they've come from China on the boat ac yn six months later it's the middle of the winter and you've got all your stuff together that you then go and assemble and you kind of end up with something that they could look like this. You get a pile of wires together and you need to then try and write the software to build it. We actually did this in parts, a hecticopter, we got all the bits together. Spent a few weeks assembling it, programming it. Then we're taking it on a second flight. Before we handed over to the autopilot we're just giving it a test run around the sky. . Yn y qung dechrau, yw'n eich ymddangos yma yma i gysylltu, y gallai iswyrlaig, ond gysylltu'r rôl yn y blyg. Ychydig yn fwy dyma, yw'n mynd i ddweud i gyd yma yma, a ddewch yn y gallai 10 sgwn, rôl 1 na 20 wcarad yn y diwyngol, a wnaeth hynny'n sut i gynnwys hwn. Y gallai 1 baghawdd magnetr gan hynny. Yn y bwysig, yw'r ymwych, yn rhaid i'w mod. Mae'n rhaid i'n mynd i'n mynd yn dweud, you try and get together. What you try and get out of it who think like, where is the drone? How is it moving? Can we take pictures? You have all of this in your pocket? It's in your phone already! Could we build a drone using just one of these things? We got to work. The first thing we did was build an airframe because not invented kiesl on drums is really anywhere and there are techie people. We haveよs leyser cwmpids and foam boards. If you've seen this stuff its like the 2 or 3mm foam a'r cyfnod, yn cyfnod, mae'r cyfnod yn 10 o syrru, yn cael £30, ac mae'r cyfnod rhan o'r cyfnod gyda'r £5 o ddweud. Felly, ydych chi'n gwybod arall, mae'r ddweud yw ddweud yw ddweud, felly mae'n dduch yn ddweud, felly mae'r ddweud yn ffóng mawr, ddweud o'r cyflwyno a'r ddweud yn ddweud, a'r ddweud i'r ddweud o'r cyflwyno o'r cyfnod, ac mae'r cyfnwysau cyfnodd o'r cyfnwysau. Mae gennym hyn sy'n nodi weithio hopper 3, mae'r nifer o Andy Hopper, y cofwyr nrhyw arweud. Mae'n gweithio mae yna hopper 3 i ddweud hopper 1 a 2 yma. Ond mae'n gweithio yma yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch, dwi'n dod i ymgyrch. Yn ysgrifennu ymgyrch yn ymgyrch, mae'n ddweud yn ymgyrch yn ymgyrch. Mae'n gweithio yr olygu hynny. ac mae fy enwedd mwy o y ffraname yma o'r gyflodd, mae'n gwneud y gyflodd, mae'n cerddo ar hyn o blynau gwahanol o'r blyda Deltredigol, dim wnaeth rhoi cyntaf eich beiraf y mynd arwyr. Yr holleg benderlus uchydig yn bwysig a chi wedi amser 59-100 mlynodd yn mynd y mynd i'r hemrop baz a llawer i'r lawr poes o'r hunain ar gyfer y projeydd o'r ysgol. Mae'r Hechlywwn Rhamddy Farrigor, Daniel Wagner, James Stee, Brian Jones i'r Mili Ddo i'r Llyfr. Mae'r rhaid i'r cwmhagau i ni, yn ddiogelio'n cynllun o'r rhaid i'r ddeuethau cyfnodd. Oni'n ddod o'i ddweud o'r ddweud i gael pwylltio, oes yn ddechrau'r cyflwyntau, mae'r rhaid i'n ddweud i'n ddweud i fynd o'r ddim yn y gwaith yn y gwaith o'r ysgol, yw ni'n ddweud o'r ddweud o'i gael, ond o'r ffordd o'r ddweud i'n ddweud, mae'n ddweud i'n ddweud i'n ddweud i'n ddweud. is that you help to do debugging by listening. Interestingly it's how they do debug the Ed asíc as well. So when you plug it in you can then flick a switch on the controller and then when you do so you the surveys will move around corresponding to what you do with the app. So this is the drone trying to fly straight to the level. I'm just using the accelerometer's thyro and what's on the phone, to understand how it's currently positioned and how to move around. So then when you fly the app you put the phone inside the drone the way and the phone is all the rest. It really brings an entirely new meaning to the idea of my phone has just crashed. So basically what we are doing here is both with modulation so this is a audio signal square waves that are normally 20 milliseconds apart and you either lengthen or shorten them to change the signal you output. And then we just output that and that's how we move left and right. In terms of processing we basically take all of the input from the phone, so GPS, gyros, accelerometers. I ddweud bobl, a dduwn beth ydymud o ydym nhw'n gweithio eu cofyddiadau'n bwysig. Dwi'n ddweud y ddweud y ddweud yn ddweud fylam, oedd hynny yn ddweud mae'r ddweud, sy'n credu i'r ddweud. Al genmygau achos, felly mae'n bobl yn dweud dros ffordd o'r eu cyfle. Peiddwch a nu, mae'n roeddaeth ei wneud taeth gwahoddau attaniaeth ar bobl gan efallai ac â'r bydd y ffordd mae'r bydd ei wneud arweud i'r gwahoddau'n bobl, If you want to control more than two channels, it's a bit difficult because few humans have more than two ears. So until that change happens with evolution, we've had to use electronics. So if you want to control things like rudders, you can then use this breakout board that we've designed where you can do multiplexing of audio channels on top of each other. But that's sort of in the side, we're not using that for like the core work here. So just as a recap, what we basically do is have a battery in the drone that powers the motor. Then the app talks to the drone, moves the servos and just for debugging and flying things, we have this buddy box system so you can control the drone from the ground and take over if there's any emergency or any other thing that you need to worry about. So having built the thing, we decided to evaluate it. Now we went for a very scientific approach of two different technologies and having a tick box between them. So on the left we've got Google Project Tango. So this is like the latest thing that Google are really trying to push. It costs £256 in a very geeky way from the Google Play Store. And it's the technology that Google are trying to push for positioning. So it has structured light and does various visual flow algorithms. On the right, this is a hunter hawk. So this is several billion pounds worth of US military equipment. So we're going to go for a rough comparison of like what can phones do compared to several orders and actually larger with a drone. So one thing your drone to do is be able to do inertial sensing. So kind of know am I going up, down, left, right, all these sorts of things. And what we decided was that your phone can have one tick here but the hunter hawk when it gets two. So hunter hawks are definitely better than your phone inertial sensing. So the chips in your phone might cost about ten cents. The ones in the commercial drones will cost several million pounds. And the difference is that if you use your phone and double integrate the acceleration to get displacement, then you're going to end up going at max six across the Atlantic in about a minute. Whereas these things here, if you do that, you can get an error of only a few miles in a few days, which is okay. So we've lost that one. However, GNSS, so that's things like GPS, Galileo and GLONASS, we've actually given ourselves two stars for that one and the hunter hawk only one. So why is your phone better than the state of the art? Does anyone know? Yeah? Yes. Okay, so your phone uses both GPS, the American system and GLONASS, the Russian system. All US and UK military equipment only uses the GPS system. GPS is run by the American military, so if we fall out with them over like Brexit or something, that's a bit sad or if someone goes in and hacks or there's a bug that brings down GPS, all of the UK and US military equipment is denied. And this is something that the Department of Defense is very worried about the moment and throwing money at GPS denied situations. So you could get to the point where smartphone phones are about the only autonomous drones flying around the UK and all other defenses are out. Sorry? What do you mean? So military GPS, it's not a lie? Sure you do, but the problem is more GPS denied situations. So as the North Koreans do, you wipe out GPS in South Korea by basically transmitting really high noise and then you get into an arms race of who can have the best antenna arrays and things like that. But basically it's a really hard problem to solve GPS denied. And if someone just hacks the base stations and turns off the signal, like you're screwed, right? Okay, in terms of alternative navigation, so this is things that you can do if GPS is denied We've slightly cheekily given ourselves two ticks in the Huntshawk one because you can use all of the visual flow algorithms which are much more state-of-the-art than the military process to work out where you are and distance you've travelled and things like this. And also with all the sensors you have on the phone, you can then use ground stations in order to track. The high computational performance, your phone loses out. The power on the phone is definitely less than on a military piece of equipment and you could just put a Raspberry Pi in one of these things and you're always going to keep up with any growth in mobile phones, which is a bit sad. But the last one's kind of cool, which is reprogrammable on the fly. So a nice thing you can do if you have your drone being flown by an app is use the app store to push updates to the drone whilst it's flying around because normally you want to land the drone and then update it and then fly it and say, oh, how does it work now? But it's like really tedious. It's complete faff to land the thing, plug it in and then fly it again. It's much more fun if you just push a new brain to it as it flies. And we haven't found any instances where the U.S. or U.K. military have pushed entire new brains whilst they're on the way to the war zone. Yeah, that's pretty classic, right? I think the assumption is you just have one. They could have multiple algorithms and multiple firmware, aren't they? Because they normally have Quora. So they run N out of K and then they do the polling and that's how they do stuff and this sends stuff to space. So I would be very surprised if that's not the case otherwise things that you said, a lot of that would be very, very effective. Oh, okay, yeah. So we spoke to a few military people and they're like, yeah, we try not to push the entire new thing. So yeah, you could do various things like Quora and Assembly but then how can you replace that in flight? So you can do one at a time? Yeah, but then you have the thing which decides which one to go for, right? N out of K, right? So you just pull and do N out of K. Okay. Or you can run consensus algorithms if you really want to. Oh, yeah, okay, very enough. So there are other benefits of using smartphones. So one of the really cool things is you get really rich APIs. So with just a few lines of code you can go in and use various things like the Twitter API and then get your drone to send tweets. You can use Snapchat or Foursquare and send various other things. We're currently working on a Google Carp or First Person View so that as your drone flies around you can use the cameras on there and then sit on the ground and see what your plane is seeing. We've actually already built an Android Wear extension. Correct me if I'm wrong here, but we also think this is the first time where you can say to your watch, okay, bars, fly in a loop the loop and your drone will fly in a loop the loop. So I don't know if the military has beaches flying their drones but maybe they do. So you probably want to see it fly. So here you can see this is just as taking off. So this is flying around fields in Cambridge. Now if you go around here, I think we're just about to fly in a loop the loop. So this is human and I think we then do a Captain Buzz loop the loop. So as you can see, well, here's some flying left and right and various other maneuvers. Then on the next video, one of the really nice things actually about Captain Buzz is that when we fly it's kind of, you know, flying like go left, go right. Captain Buzz is actually quite a fighter pilot. We've got the loops tuned up so high that you command it on a head and it just like swings around into that angle. One of the reasons for this is that to stay within UK legislation of how far your drone can fly, you actually need to basically keep flying around and if you want it to do anything more interesting than circles you need to pull quite sharp turns really.