 The final item of business is a member's business debate on motion 1491 in the name of Angela Constance on 60th anniversary of the ultrasound scanner invented in Scotland. This debate will be concluded without any questions being put. I could ask those members who wish to speak in the debate, please press their request to speak buttons now, and I call on Angela Constance to open the debate. Ms Constance, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. This year is the 60th anniversary of the publication of a landmark paper highlighting to the medical world the possibilities of ultrasound. It's my great privilege to lead tonight's debate to recognise the importance of this groundbreaking work to Scotland's heritage in innovation, to the countless millions of people across the globe who have benefited from this advancement in medical technology and to celebrate and pay tribute to the truly remarkable individuals who have made this possible. Tonight, Presiding Officer, we have more than 20 very special guests in our public gallery tonight. Some of them were directly involved in this work, and others are family, friends and supporters of those no longer with us. I am very pleased to welcome Professor Dougal Cameron, John Flemann, the family of engineer Tom Brown, who has now retired from public life, and also the family and friends of the late Professor Ian Donald. We have representatives of the University of Glasgow, a centre of medical excellence, and the Glasgow School of Art, which has been at the forefront of design and manufacturing for more than 170 years. It is a little-known fact that the ultrasound scanner was invented, pioneered and built in Glasgow. The first commercially produced ultrasonic scanner in the world was called the Dysonograph and was manufactured by Kelvin and Hughes in Glasgow, and the Hunterian Museum still has the original prototypes. The first women to benefit from this design and the safe, non-invasive imaging techniques were at Glasgow's York Hill hospital in the 1960s. Today, it is entirely routine for pregnant women to receive an ultrasound scan, but we should not forget that this is one of the most important developments for the health and wellbeing of women and their babies in the last 50 years or so. If you can indulge me for a moment, I have brought to Parliament today the very first photograph of my son. The scan provided me then a 37-year-old first-time mother with much comfort and reassurance in advance of his arrival, a healthy heartbeat and the sight of a little fist raised in defiance, a sign of things to come. So, 2018 marks the 60th anniversary of the publication of the seminal Lancet paper by Donald McVicar and Brown in 1958, paving the way for advancements in the care of pregnant women and also a diagnostic tool for a plethora of conditions for men, women and children. This globally significant breakthrough has been used to perform 8.7 million scans annually in the UK alone. It was a unique collaboration between experts in clinical obstetrics, engineering, electronics and industrial design. So, who were the minds behind this world changing invention? The use of ultrasonics for obstetrics was developed by the late Professor Ian Donald of the University of Glasgow. While serving as an RAF medical officer in the Second World War, he became interested in the possibilities of adapting radar and sonar technology for medical diagnosis. He worked with a young, talented engineer Tom Brown at Kelvin and Hughes and also Dr John McVicar, a dedicated obstiatrician and researcher. The three published their findings in the 1950 Lancet paper called the investigation of abdominal masses by pulsed ultrasound, and they reported on the first two experimental machines. Unlike earlier attempts, the Glasgow experiments and trials worked very well. I do not think that the achievements of Professor Donald and others have been fully acknowledged. Professor Dougal Cameron brought this untold story to my attention, a chance encounter courtesy of my friend Mike Russell. I am grateful to Professor Cameron, who also explained to me the magic of the collaboration and the interactions and interdependencies. Professor Ian Donald knew what ultrasound had been used for during the war and was inspired, and I suspect that it was very driven to find a way to adapt it and use it for obstetrics and gynaecology. Dr John McVicar, then working on a fledging NHS, knew that women, particularly those from poorer backgrounds, were often given no option other than having to just put up with gynaecological problems often for years and end. The medics, however, needed the technical and creative expertise of the engineers to develop the product, in particular Tom Brown, who made it possible. It was Dougal Cameron, then a young design student who worked with Tom Brown regarding the design aspects. Otherwise, as Dougal told me, the machine was going to look like a gun turret and that would be rather off-putting for expected mothers. There was also the work of John Fleming, who did much of the electronic development of the Dysonograph as well. In the 1960s, the company that made the original machines withdrew the product and the technology went on to be developed elsewhere. Nonetheless, that is still part of Scotland's story, and there is much to learn from it. Therefore, I am delighted that it is the Cabinet Secretary for Culture and External Affairs, who is responding on behalf of the Government tonight. As my motion is calling for greater encouragement for Scotland's excellent museums and other institutions to do more to shine a light on the remarkable story of the ultrasound scanner, an invention of global significance. I have written to the VNA and others, but I seek the cabinet secretary's input on what more can be done to showcase this work as part of our heritage and innovation, our heritage and invention and our heritage and industrial design. We should take great pride in the life-changing work and celebrate the achievements of those who made it possible, inspiring our children that knowledge and ideas from Scotland can be transported all over the world and that their ideas and their knowledge can change the world around them. The development of the ultrasound should not be one of Scotland's best-kept secrets. Therefore, let this Parliament record that Donald MacVicar, Brown, Cameron and Fleming, no doubt ably assisted by many others, have over generations made a contribution to this country and beyond that can only be summed up as a gift, a gift to humanity. I often do gently to people in the gallery not to applaud as is not permitted in the chamber, though members may applaud. I now move to the open debate. I call Stuart Stevenson to be followed by Miles Briggs. Mr Stevenson, please. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. Members will know that I often speak about my own experience and things in my family. My father, too, invented something for understanding what was going on in the womb, my father being a GP. He had an alluminium ear trumpet thing that he could listen to what was going on. His patients found this terribly cold and uncomfortable on their belly. My father, with his wickling knife and a bit of wood, made a wooden version of it that was much more comfortable to his patients. That was his contribution to this particular problem. It hardly bears any comparison whatsoever to the deployment of electronics and ultrasound to understand what is going on in the womb. My mother, who gave birth to me long before the health service, had an ectopic pregnancy before I was born and therefore when I was born on one fallopian tube. Therefore, the whole issue of the maternity services that my father gave was a very important part of what he found himself doing. However, in a sense, that is relatively unimportant. The more important thing is what this invention has contributed to safe pregnancy, the health of women and the health of their offspring. The sonar background that came from the war and radar, indeed, my professor of natural philosophy when I was at university was R. V. Jones, who was the guy who was responsible for the UK's radar programme springing from the same kind of stable. However, now, with the ability to see what is going on in the womb, to see a lot of information about the newborn before they are born, there is, of course, the problem of ethical problems that come with it. One of the great things about the medical profession is that we have seen the development of an ethical framework that makes sure that we use that information in an appropriate way that helps the youngsters and helps the mothers. Now, it is often the case, of course, that it is the ultrasound that reveals how many are in the womb. It is often the case that these little black and white, fuzzy photographs are the first indication that members of the family have that there will be another one joining their family. It is an absolutely fabulous thing. There is supposed to be an X-ray of me and my mother's womb, given her history. That is not surprising, but unfortunately I have never seen it and it will long since have gone. It is a delight that we have people who are responsible for this in the chamber with us today. Inventors, designers and scientists are, given my own background, people with whom I feel a lot of sympathy, if only I had invented something so useful myself. However, in particular, in this case, we heard that the design of the machine was adapted to make it more friendly for the pregnant mother. It is important that we are in some ways sometimes accused of over-medicalising pregnancy. If you have something that looks like a piece of engineering kit, that is hardly going to help the peace of mind of the mother. Therefore, designing something that looks friendly might be the right colours is a good thing to be done. Of course, the technology of ultrasound is now used for many other conditions beyond pregnancy, including heart. As I gain an age, that might become important to me. Many of the organs of the body, so men, too, are benefiting from ultrasound. It is simply a bit of a sadness that Glasgow did not manage to hang on to this one. However, we had our own stake in inventing this and starting this, and I congratulate all those in the public gallery and who have been involved. Of course, my colleague in bringing this debate to the chamber tonight. I would like to start by thanking Angela Constance for bringing this debate to Parliament and welcoming all those who have joined us in the public gallery this evening. I am pleased to take part in today's debate to mark the 60th anniversary of the ultrasound scanner. I strongly believe that we should remember and celebrate our proud medical history in Scotland and celebrate the medical discoveries and innovations that have had such an important and significant and positive influence in medicine and medical innovation across the rest of the world. I think that that is what drives our scientists, our medical minds and our innovators of today as they look to the future of medicine. Ultrasound is a prime example of an invention here in Scotland that has benefited millions of people over the world since its inception. There is an old saying that necessity is the mother of invention, and this is true with ultrasound. At the time, X-ray was being used to examine unborn babies and tests that led to higher risks of leukemia and other cancers in the early lives of children. The development of ultrasound was a revolutionary new procedure using high-frequency sound waves to create an image that caused no harm to the fetus. As is often the case with inventions, the right combination of people and factors needed to be in place. That was certainly, as we have heard, the case in Glasgow during the 1950s for ultrasound. Ian Donald had served as the medical officer in the Royal Air Force during World War II and had become interested in the potential of using radar and sonar technology for medical purposes. In 1954, Ian Donald became a professor of obstetrics and gynaecology at the University of Glasgow. In Glasgow, there is still large-scale shipbuilding and ultrasound techniques being used at the time to test floors in the metal parts of ships. Donald realised that he could replicate those techniques and teamed up with other engineers, Tom Brown, who worked for the manufacturing firm Kelvin and Hughes, based in Glasgow at the time. That produced ultrasonic testing equipment. As Angela Constance has already said, the industrial designer in his third year at Glasgow School of Art, Drougald Cameron, was commissioned to design what has become the Lund machine. Initially, it was used to distinguish uterine cysts from solid tumours, but it has come a long, long way since then. It is a procedure that is used every day. It is completely safe and is now used to monitor, as it has been said, babies in the womb, diagnosed conditions and for surgeons for certain procedures. Let us not forget how ultrasound has benefited the animal world with similar medical developments for veterinary surgeons. That is something that my colleague John Scott will mention later on. Scotland continues its long tradition of leading in the field of ultrasound to this very day. Advances in software and hardware have transformed the level of detail available for ultrasound scans from the early days of the grainy 2D image on a screen. Now we can generate 3D images on a high-definition display, or even to use ultrasound scans on the basis of a 3D printed model. Not far from here, the Canon Medical Research Europe is developing new innovations in the field of ultrasound, from being able to use the 3D print model of your baby's face to making life easier for surgeons by combining MRI and other scans with real-time ultrasound images during surgery. In addition, like so many other fields, artificial intelligence and machine learning herald new opportunities for ultrasound in the future, improving our ability to detect and identify medical issues and begin treatment at an earlier possible stage. It is important to pay tribute today to Professor Ian Donald, engineer Tom Brown and Professor Dougalden and John Fleming for their contributions to this groundbreaking innovation. One interesting point from the history of ultrasound, not mentioned in the motion, is that Professor Donald discovered the equipment on the basis when he started working at Babcock and Wilkes in Renfrew and the industrial version of ultrasound was being used. By refining that machinery in building, understanding what the human body looked like when viewed with ultrasound, Professor Donald and all the others, together with the others mentioned in the motion, created the foundations of the ultrasound scanner that we know today. It might be hard for some people to believe that, out of this visit to a boiler maker beside the Clyde, we can now give parents to be the detailed model of their child's face before birth. However, not if you know a little about Scotland's proud tradition of innovation and invention. Having played such an important role in the origins of obstetric ultrasound, we should rightly be proud that Scotland continues to imagine, innovate and create the next generation of this fantastic technology. Thank you, Mr Briggs. I call David Stewart, through follow-up by Kenneth Gibson. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I congratulate Angela Constance for securing the debate this evening and for her very comprehensive and interesting speech. I also warmly welcome to the gallery all our VIP guests. I hope that you enjoy proceedings this evening. The ultrasound scanner, as we have heard, is just one of many important and groundbreaking inventions by Scots over generations. I am not including Stuart Stevenson's father, who is a very proud inventor. Members will be well aware of the list, including tubular steel, the telephone radar and, of course, insulin for the treatment of diabetes, a cause close to my heart. Presiding Officer, as chair of the cross-party group on diabetes, perhaps in passing, could I take a moment to mention my campaign to get Professor John McLeod from Aberdeen, a Scots who shared the 1923 Nobel Prize with Frederick Banting for their discovery of insulin in the University of Toronto in 1921. My campaign is to get Professor McLeod to be the scientist featured on the face of the new £50 note that was launched by the Bank of England. Members might have other scientists on mine, including one that was mentioned already this evening. I would suggest that they get their skates on, because the deadline for the Bank of England is just in a few weeks. That would be fantastic if we could have a Scots featuring the new £50 note, not that that is a note that I am very related to. As we heard, ultrasound scans use sound waves with frequencies far higher than humans can hear, causing the sound to echo off tissue, with varying tissues reflecting the waves in different ways, and the echo patterns can then be displayed as an image. That also extends not just to humans, but to the farming community. Only this morning Emma Harper was not on her place, she was telling me that it was used in the Feast of Galloway to detect pregnancy in sheep, but she gathers bits of new information every day in this place. However, compared to other forms of medical imaging, it has the benefit of being risk-free, showing images in real-time can be portable and lower in cost. Emma Harper was also telling me that the real importance of mobile ultrasound scanners for first responders is a more recent initiative, which can save lives, particularly in more remote locations such as my own in the Highlands and Islands. As members have touched on, the origin of ultrasound really came from a war setting. During the Second World War, ultrasound was used to see U-boats far under the ocean. Effectively, we have moved from war to war in a few generations. As we heard, it was Professor Ian Donald, who was first to suggest using it for obstetric and gynaecology. As we heard already, unfortunately, the company that produced the first machine withdrew it, and the technology that was ended up being developed elsewhere. I think that it is a real shame, as others have said, that Glasgow did not get the recognition that it deserves for being at the forefront of the invention. The first thought in many minds when you mentioned ultrasound, as we have heard already this evening, is in pregnancy. That has revolutionised pre-birth scans to check in the baby's health and, as we have heard, allowing many happy parents a very first sight of their child. Ultrasound scans come in many forms, though, not least in echocardiograms, a vital way for doctors to check on the function of a heart. As a risk-free and easy method, it is especially important for checking on the heart health of newborn babies and for vulnerable children. Another area that has not been mentioned and has recently been touched on in the British Medical Journal is that it can be used for detecting, through brain scans, the type of dementia that a patient is suffering from—absolutely vital in their future care. In conclusion, we in Scotland have always been pioneers of new invention. The Scottish Enlightenment, with its outpouring of intellectual and scientific accomplishments, might be primarily in the 18th and 19th centuries, but our ability to innovate has certainly not been concluded. My congratulations this evening are to the professors who revolutionise ultrasound, and I thank the doctors, nurses and other medical staff in NHS who use it every day for the health of our nation. Ultrasound is an example of diversification from a product used in war to a lifesaver used in peace—a true source to Ploutshare's moment. Thank you very much, Mr Stewart. I call Kenneth Gibson to be followed by John Scott. Mr Scott will be the last speaker in the open debate. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I would like to congratulate my colleague Angela Constance for securing this evening's debate. As I am always grateful for the opportunity to celebrate Scotland's proud history of invention and innovation, an ultrasound really is something to celebrate. I, too, would like to welcome or distinguish guests in the gallery to the chamber today. For many women, it would be hard to imagine going through a pregnancy without seeing their first memorable glimpse of their baby, as Angela Constance highlighted earlier on. Ultrasound is a pregnancy milestone for many women and a special moment that can be shared with loved ones. Yet, as Angela Constance's motion highlights, those iconic black and white images of a developing fetus are a relatively recent invention, and just 60 years ago, pregnancy screening was a very different experience. Prior to the obstetric ultrasound scanner, doctors only had a stethoscope or, in the case of Dr Stevenson, a wooden horn in which to assess a pregnancy and listen to a baby's heart. They used a tape to measure the fundal height and make sure that the baby was growing. That provided a very limited idea of what was going on inside the womb and gave no clarity on fetal anatomy, placental location or anomalies, accurate fetal well-being and many more details, which we now take for granted in modern medicine. It is often difficult to know when most developments in medicine actually begin, as projects devolve in tandem and intersect. Yet, with ultrasound and obstetrics and gynaecology, there is no such doubt, for it had a very definite beginning. With a similar research paper published in 1958 by Union Donald John McVicker and Tom Brown entitled The Investigation of Abdominal Masses by Pulse Ultrasound, all developments of ultrasound diagnosis or sonography and obstetrics and gynaecology date from this breakthrough. Angela Constance's motion refers, references the contribution of the late Professor Ian Donald to his publication, and it is right that his legacy is celebrated here today. Described in his time as tall, red-headed and charismatic, Professor Donald was regarded as a generous and principled man who worked tirelessly to achieve his goals. Some medical historians credited this work ethic to his severe rheumatic heart disease, which made every moment precious to him. And with some knowledge of radar technology, which he learned in the Air Force, Donald began working with his fellow Glasgow obstetrician, Dr John McVicker and engineers Tom Brown and John Fleming. With help from Kelvin Hughes, a Glasgow engineering firm, they developed the world's first contact compound to the ultrasound scanning machine called the Dinosaurograph, or perhaps Diosaurograph, as Angela Constance called it. We will have to discuss that one later on, but I am convinced that the Dinosaurograph sounds right to me. At the heart of this groundbreaking collaboration was a young industrial designer from Glasgow, Dougle Cameron, who I am pleased to say is one of my constituents, and he is here in the gallery today. Professor Cameron first heard of the project when a student in the year below told him what work her brother-in-law Tom Brown was involved in, and the first outline drawings were done lying on the floor in Tom Brown's flat and were progressed in the industrial design studio in the east-end basement of the Glasgow School of Arts Macintosh building. That first invention bears little resemblance to the technology that we would recognise today. Eight feet in height and occupying as much as one-third of the scanning room, operating in the probe required no small physical effort. Perhaps unkindly deemed the Dinosaurograph by some colleagues, the seller machine undoubtedly laid the groundwork for many new and improved versions. In Professor Cameron's own words, this particular technology is used internationally and he quite rightly encourages all to take pride in the contribution that Glasgow and Scotland have made to the lies of the 8.7 million people in the UK alone who benefit from this technology each year. Of course, we heard from David Stewart and from Miles Briggs the myriad uses to which ultrasound is also used other than in pregnancy. Of course, we have to look at the global impact as undoubtedly had. I echo, Presiding Officer, Angela Constance's calls to encourage our museums and educational institutes to recognise the importance, not just of the obstetric ultrasound scanner, but all of Scotland's rich heritage of design, invention and innovation. No doubt, Donald Brown, McVicker, Cameron and Fleming were influenced by the spirit of the Scottish Enlightenment, which is a basis of a broad general education system committed to excellence and quality. Scotland's great contribution to the fields of medicine and science should never be forgotten and hope that, by teaching young people about the achievements of their predecessors, they will be inspired to push towards the next great innovation, whatever it might be. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I should declare an interest in this debate as a livestock farmer and congratulate Angela Constance on securing this debate today. In speaking today, I want to pay tribute, along with others, to Sir Ian MacDonald, John McVicker, Tom Brown, Dougal Cameron and John Fleming. To say that the use of ultrasound in scanning techniques has been one of the great inventions of my lifetime is a statement of fact and not an exaggeration in any way, and today we have to take the opportunity to mark this massive Scottish achievement here in Parliament. Professor Sir Ian MacDonald's pioneering work is credited with inventing this technique, which is so benefited mankind with remarkably, as others have said, over 8.7 million scans taking place annually in the UK and many tens of millions more being carried out worldwide. Today, I want to pay tribute to Dougal Cameron, who was at the heart of making this early equipment work, and to welcome him today and others to the public gallery. Because Dougal is, I believe, the only one of the early pioneering team alive today, and I pay tribute to him. While I have known Dougal for at least 15 years, I have always believed his passion to be aircraft, trains and painting, but I was unaware until recently of his part in developing ultrasound scanning techniques. One of the most modest men that one will ever meet but also one of the most talented, and so it comes as no real surprise to me to learn he had a hand in this. And ultrasound scanning has played a large part in my life as a farmer as well, where I was an early adopter of ultrasound scanning at pregnant sheep and cattle. If tens of millions of people globally are scanned for a variety of medical reasons, be assured that similarly many tens of millions of sheep, cattle, horses, dogs, cats, pigs and other animals are also similarly scanned. So not only has this invention usually benefited human health, it has massively enhanced livestock production techniques as well as veterinary medicine. Presiding Officer, I am privileged to know Dougal Cameron and have benefited personally from the scanning techniques that he and others developed, and I commend this motion to Parliament. Thank you very much, Mr Scott, and I call Fiora Hyslop to close with the Government Cabinet Secretary, please. Presiding Officer, I am delighted to respond to the debate on behalf of the Government and to congratulate Angela Constance on securing this debate and an excellent opening speech. The motion itself and the 60th anniversary of ultrasound, the technology that we have heard was pioneered here in Scotland through the remarkable work of the late Professor Ian Donald and Professor Dougal Cameron and indeed others. Ultrasound has revolutionised the care of women during pregnancy in Scotland and is now a firmly established part of routine care. Usually performed when a woman first attends the antenatal clinic and again at 18 to 22 weeks of pregnancy. While women often perceive the scan appointment as an exciting time and an opportunity to see their babies for the first time, the role of the ultrasound has moved from a simple confirmation of a single or multiple pregnancy in the right place to a complex diagnostic tool able, as we have heard, to screen for a number of conditions without increasing risk to mother or baby. With the combining of Doppler technology, the ultrasound is now able to better assess the wellbeing of the baby by assessing the blood flow through the placenta, and this has enabled obstetricians to pick up more accurately when a baby needs to be born early, thus improving outcomes for babies in Scotland. I indeed recall with my first pregnancy the reassurances that I personally had in late pregnancy with the use of ultrasound. Ultrasound is often thought of only in relation to pregnancy, but it has a much wider application across all aspects of medicine, from supplemental breast screening to cardiology and gastroenterology. It is safe to say that this technology has changed our approach to the health and wellbeing of women across the globe. It is hugely important that it provides women with reassurance and can lay their concerns at various points in their pregnancy by helping to protect and detect abnormalities at an early stage and by assessing the on-going situation of the unborn baby. However, ultrasound has much wider application in medicine and will continue to increase in scope as technology to transmit images on smaller devices becomes more freely available. That offers scope to expand the technology throughout our remote communities. As you have already heard, ultrasound was developed as a diagnostic tool over 60 years ago. As a result of that collaboration between experts in clinical obstetrics and engineering and industrial design. Together, Professor Donald, Dr McVicker and Tom Brown, Professor Cameron, John Fleming created the first prototypes and production models of ultrasound scanners for obstetrics scanning in hospitals. At this point, I would like to take the opportunity to highlight a slightly overlooked part of the story, which is the role of Rotten Rome. The famous maternity unit has made Glasgow synonymous with major developments in obstetrics, including Professor Donald's development of ultrasound scanning. I understand that, in one of its earliest incarnations, the early ultrasound scanner was wheeled around the corridors of the maternity unit at Rotten Rome by a fellow pioneer called Dr James Willocks. My own mother was a midwife at Rotten Rome in the early 60s. She worked with Professor Donald and remembers him well. At the time, she received a silver pen, she tells me, for winning the anaesthetic prize in some of the early use of entinox. Of course, what we see here in this debate and in this issue is the collaboration between Donald McVicker, Brown and Cameron. It is the fusion, the productive fusion of academic endeavour and innovative practical design. It is fitting that we are celebrating the 60th anniversary of ultrasound in the same year that we are witnessing the opening of the V&A Dundee, which, as well as showcasing and encouraging contemporary design, celebrates Scotland's design heritage and everything that has been done in this field by Scots both at home and across the world. Although the curatorial independence of museums means that the Government cannot tell museums what to exhibit, I will make the move to make sure and draw the attention of this debate and this story to our museums across Scotland. Design is the application of creativity. It is a way to understand the world and how to change it for the better. It is about form, function, problem-solving and innovation. In the history of the early development of the ultrasound scanner, we see clearly how academic innovation and design creativity combine to help to change the world for the better. I was very pleased to note that the importance of ultrasound has been widely recognised, which is clearly evidenced by the media's considered and welcome recognition and coverage of the 60th anniversary of the development, which attracted excellent broadcasts on Radio Scotland, BBC Radio 4's today programme and on BBC Scotland. It is, of course, right that we acknowledge and celebrate the pioneering work that led to the development of modern ultrasound technology. I am glad that the motion refers to how Scotland's museums can help to promote this inspiring story. In that context, I am happy to report that the first commercially produced ultrasound scanner based on the prototype machine, which was called the diacynograph. I am sure that we will get the correct explanation of that at the end of this debate. However, the diacynograph can be found in the National Museum of Scotland, where it is on display in the museum's a changing nation gallery. Separately, the original prototype ultrasound machine is on display in the Hynterian Museum, in its permanent exhibition, A Healing Passion. I would encourage members to visit the museums to consider the machines that have helped to change the lives of so many women. In addition to the ultrasound machines themselves, I understand that material relating to Tom Brown's work on the scanner has been donated by his family to Glasgow City Archive. I am also aware that the British Medical Ultrasound Society holds a historical collection that is based in Glasgow. Historical documents relating to the history of the ultrasound are held in the archives of the Mitchell library in Glasgow, and items from their collections are on display at the Queen Margaret hospital. That shows that the heritage of this remarkable story in Scotland's medical and design history is being collected, preserved and made available for the public to see. It is from those acts of collection and preservation that the public can continue to celebrate and appreciate the remarkable story. In conclusion, the ultrasound scanner is now a standard feature in hospital wards, where scanning technology has made pregnancy safer, has allowed for more accurate detection and treatment of fetal abnormality. In short, it has become an indispensable, non-invasive diagnostic tool. I think that Scotland can be proud of the extraordinary legacy of the ultrasound scanner that has done so much for the health and wellbeing of women and unborn children throughout the world. That legacy inspires us today, and I am sure that we will continue to inspire generations to come. To Professor Douglas Cameron here tonight, on behalf of the Parliament and the people of Scotland, we salute you and to all your colleagues who have not just changed the face of Scotland, you have changed the world. Thank you very much. I thank members for very interesting contributions. I have learned a lot myself sitting here. That concludes the debate, and I close this meeting.