 I'd like to invite up here, I'd like to ask Brian to come back up and give us a brief overview of what's happening in Canada and then we'll get bomber to come up and do the Q&A session. Thank you very much Brian. Thank you Grant and I would like to acknowledge the Star Trust Foundation, I didn't do that earlier as part of my disclosure so thank you for the invitation and I would also like to acknowledge the Canadian Drug Policy Coalition who put together that nice animated slide and so if you're interested in getting a hold of that you can contact the Canadian Drug Policy Coalition. I'm going to hit on a few more public health points before getting into novel psychoactive substances in Canada. Originally I had one slot and then I ended up with two so a number of my slides we're going to go this afternoon so I'm going to skip through a few of them, talk a little bit more about an international conference coming up at the end. So we'll skip the public health approach, I've already talked about that but just to recognize that from a public health perspective we recognize that there really is a spectrum of use and I want to really highlight the beneficial side here. There's a lot of talk about harms, not enough talk about the benefits and it was great to hear Rick Doblin at lunchtime talk about the beneficial side. It's a balancing act and the importance of actually benefits is one of the key elements in terms of actually achieving a balanced approach. We'll just flip through a range of these because I've spoken to these already although I, so in terms of a public health approach I spoke this morning about regulation as one of the elements and there are a whole range of others and it could be a lecture on each of these elements but I won't do that. But just to highlight that health promotion is critical, health protection in which would be considered where the regulatory realm fits. Population and harm reduction, which we've heard a lot about as well. Population health assessment, this is a critical piece. You can put all these measures in place but if you're not tracking what's happening at the population level you're still wandering in the dark. So it's really critical to have a solid evaluation scheme where your surveillance and population health assessment is being done to know what track you're on, where you're going and how to change course along the way. And then of course looking at what are the negative outcomes that maybe are turning up that you aren't anticipating so your surveillance system is critical. I mentioned the importance of services to people who are at risk. I mentioned, and then there are two other things to think about. One are your universal measures and I think the, for example the law is a universal measure ties to the whole population, that's important. But also the targeted measures as was asked earlier about ensuring that people who are at particular risk, vulnerable populations receive targeted measures that help to reduce the risks of harm to those groups. The spectrum of approaches, we are looking here for a whole new range of approaches which is not on this chart and that is the regulation of the substances within a public health approach. So while you have prohibition, you have state control, you have commercialization, you have prescription, the middle ground that we're talking about today is a potential new element to this chart. I mentioned benefits and harms and this isn't to really show, to allow you to read the details, but just to highlight that point that benefits and harms are equally important to consider in this discussion. Been through the harms of prohibition, saw that, saw that, so we'll get past that. And I'm going to talk about the novel psychoactive substances in Canada and I want to acknowledge our Canadian Center for Substance Abuse, Dr. Matthew Young for these slides. Again, like the previous speakers, not a huge amount of good news to talk about. We don't have a lot of information. The rapid emergence means that standard monitoring and surveillance activities are not keeping up with what's happening and most of the detected substances fall into two categories, synthetic cathenones and synthetic cannabinoids. However, there continues to be seizures of what are referred to as amphetamine like stimulants. So some of the information that I was able to obtain came from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and these are information that they provide. Canada is a primary source of MDMA and methamphetamine for US, Australia and Southeast Asia. And often novel psychoactive substances are held out to be MDMA and it's difficult to determine what the exact concentrations are of these. The availability of methamphetamine remains strong and as well, ketamine and DMT labs are also in existence. Increasingly novel psychoactive substances are being imported to keep up with demand and to circumvent the legislation, again a similar sort of scenario using the synthetic cannabinoids to avoid drug testing by people working in the oil fields. Range of substances being detected as indicated here. In terms of regulation, the two major products that the Canadian government tackled and this is important to recognize that in Canada, the federal government is in charge of criminal law and the provincial governments are in charge of health law and there is some overlap with health law with the federal government. So BZP and TFMPP were scheduled as prohibited substances in March 2019, 2012. There is an MD PV which has been referred to as plant food or bath salts scheduled in September of 2012. There is a loophole if you will or some flexibility in the Canadian legislation to allow government authorization and this is where the Canadian government has allowed the supervised injection site as well as the heroin treatment trials and initially the medical cannabis laws came up with and government refers to the federal government. So there is latitude within the federal legislative scheme to allow for regulations to be developed. Just really a mortar matter of political will and it is legislation. In as far as the synthetic cannabinoids go, the federal government, Canada perspective is that they can be prohibited as similar synthetic preparations to cannabis and they are continuing to analyze those. Our epidemiology network really hasn't detected that these are being used much widely in Canada, small amounts of seizures and when the youth drug surveys are done both in Ontario and BC, very low rates of use of synthetic cannabis and declining rates of use of crystal meth ecstasy. So partly the lack of use of some of these substances may reflect as was mentioned earlier the more widespread availability of cannabis, MDMA and methamphetamine. Again our general population survey showing very low rates of use of these substances. Just want to mention a couple of studies that are happening in Canada to sort of underscore that benefit side of the equation. There's a study going on on treating post-traumatic stress disorder with MDMA being organized in Vancouver and a study being organized to look at ayahuasca treatment for addiction and compulsive behavior. So there's definitely interest in the research community on the potential beneficial effects. This is a series of slides showing media reports and so I'm going to click through these and what you'll see is the dots start to appear. Partly one of the, I mentioned Dr. Matthew Young, trying to get a handle on what's happening with these substances worldwide. There is a public health information network which tracks media reports. So what this originally was done was to track, use the media to track communicable diseases occurring was an early detection method and what, so what they have done here and this is just a pilot test so there's definitely bugs to be worked out but they track media reports of drug seizures and arrests morbidity involving the drug, general report of presence and health warning of a new product. So there's a few different colors and I won't go through all the different colors but you'll see where the media reports are showing where these substances are turning up. So as you click through this starts in 2009 and it'll go to 2013. So not too many reports and you start to see some spots occurring in North America. Up to 2011 some more media reports. More concentrated on the east coast than the west coast. Starting to see some reports pop up in New Zealand and Australia. Lots on the east coast of North America and lots more reports, whoops, more recently. So I mean how much media reports reflect what's actually going on is still up to debate but it certainly is an indication of where some of the activity is. And that's it. And just to mention the very last thing is the Third International Conference on Novel Cyclopic Substances having May 15, 16, 2014. It's on Rome. If you can't get to Rome you can attend online and the website is there. So this is the third and so this is becoming a very interest, an area of interest at the international scientific community and so I would just like to highlight that if and maybe Grant's going to go to Rome now.