 So we've probably filled in this sort of survey before where we're asked if we agree or disagree with something or neither or strongly agree, strongly disagree. It's usually known as a like-hurt scale. Now we've all folded in before but the question is if you're a researcher and you set this, how do you present that data? And there's a little bit of controversy about how you would do this. Some people average them to try and get some indication of a central tendency of the data and the distribution. Some surveys just compress it down to a percentage agree or disagree. So they just say if you ever tick those boxes, if 50% tick those that's fine. But that kind of obscures maybe your distribution. So one of the better ways of doing it is to simply present it. In this case we've got a graph which just presents the data above. And you can kind of see the distribution between the ones who strongly agree, agree, the kind of the neutral ones in the middle and so on. So you can see how one of them is a bit dominated by the strongly agrees here. We've got probably a bit more controversy because there's a lot more people strongly disagreeing instead of disagreeing. There is code for doing this in things like R stats and so on. But let's show how to build this sort of thing in Excel because maybe this is what you've got access to is maybe it's what you're comfortable with. And the long story short is that this is a stacked bar chart going horizontally. But it does require a little bit of manipulation to get it to work properly. You can't run this stack bar chart just on this raw data. It needs manipulated. So I'm going to come into a new sheet where I've got some data slightly different to the one I've got above. Yeah, just get this a bit open so I can read it. And what we're going to do is now try and manipulate this into a way that could build a stacked bar chart. So I'm going to copy my rows here. So I've got them strongly agree, agree, neither agree or disagree. And I'm going to make a copy of that one actually. So I've actually got five rows on the top. I'm going to end up with six here. So I'm going to press Ctrl D just to duplicate that. Drag that down, give me a bit more space. And I'm going to copy the categories as well. So what I've got here is kind of a replica of the table above. But there's an extra row in it. Why that's the case will become really clear once the bar charts in place. And then we're just in the case of copying down that data. So I'm going to do equals, click into that cell. So this column says easy to use strongly agree, should say five. Now I'm going to drag that across and then down by two. So I've got a complete copy of that. But for the neither agree or disagree, what I'm going to do is if you have a look at this bar chart, I need the zero line to kind of line up halfway between them. That's where I want this bar chart to be centered. So for the bit that's above it, I'm going to take another distal agree or agree and divide that by two. And then below it, I'm going to take the negative of neither agree or disagree and also divided by two. Now drag that across. So where I've got five 2.5 is positive 2.5 is negative. So everything on this part of the table is going to appear in the negative side of the graph. Okay, so now I'm going to kind of equals and minus the disagree. So instead of one, it's a minus one, drag that across drag that down. And that's pretty much it. That's our data manipulation. This will plot on a stacked bar chart. I'm going to take this entire thing, go to insert and then my bar charts, the stacked bar chart going horizontally. And let's just tidy this up. Get rid of the chart title for now. And you can see it hasn't worked. It's not quite correct. So we go to switch row and columns. And this is looking a lot more like it. This is this is the right sort of thing now what we're looking at now. Let's have a check of what this is actually referring to now. So if I click on this series here, the gray one, what you find is that actually that's the highlighted neither agree nor disagree. The orange one here, and that's agree. Oh, and the darker ones strongly agree. That's in the wrong order. Now you can do this multiple ways. You can rearrange these rows. If you like, alternatively, we can go right click slack data and have a look at the data sources. Now if you've inserted the entire thing correctly, including these, these will be automatically labeled for you. But if not, we just go to edit and set the series name to be that. And all we need to do is rearrange these. So if we do strongly agree down to there and now they're disagreeing or agree to be at the top, suddenly it's now in the right direction. We've got the big column on the right here that dark blue one is now strongly agree, agree, then neither disagree nor agree, nor disagree nor agree. Great. So now it's just a case of formatting it. How is this going to look? How do we need to make this work? So first thing I'm going to tidy up and double click on my x axis. And when I've got my access options up, I'm going to find the vertical axis crosses part and select maximum value. You can set another value and rearrange it, but do maximum access value and it'll move it off to the right. So to me, that's a little bit counter intuitive that the vertical axis option is somewhere on the x axis, but suppose it makes some degree of sense. And the next one will just color it. You might want to bear in mind some accessibility issues. So use a reasonable contrast between them. We're going to highlight the strongly agree. And I'm just going to pick kind of a darkish green. So it's really dark and really stands out. The middle one, the agree, I'm going to pick as a paler green. I'm going to make sure that this is maybe a darkish gray or a mild kind of gray, at least. And then I'm going to go maybe orange, dark orange. So there's at least some contrast between these. You can visualize it, pick whatever you want. And that's pretty much it. If we make this really thin, if you don't want it to be as big, for instance, you might want to then go right click to format the data series and change the gap width. So usually when it gets quite thin, I'll change that from 150% to just 50%. Now the gap here between each of the bars is is narrow. It's only 50% of the bar width instead of 150% of it. And that's pretty much it. You can keep the key if you want, but it will appear slightly out of order. So maybe you want to explain that in a figure caption instead. And you can see that this is fairly straightforward, isn't it? You can kind of see that we've got a bit more wherever people have said it easy to use. It's a bit more gray. It's a bit when they said fun to use as a bigger, bigger kind of strongly disagree there. So maybe that's telling you something that that's a lot more polarizing as a question. That's pretty much it. Now one thing is what order are these going to appear in? That can be quite difficult. So where I've got it here, it does kind of start with the least popular thing up to the top and the most popular thing to the bottom. Well, how you want to order it is up to you, but the way that I probably do it is I will probably find the sum of all of these, which sort of gives some kind of measure of a central tendency. And then if you highlight the column and hold down shift, you can start to drag columns and reorder them. So if I drag my lowest one to the left here, hold down shift drag that across as well. You can see this thin line that appears that we're going to rearrange the columns a bit. Now the way I've rearranged that, it's actually kicked it out of the data table. So I just need to expand this again. Click on the green. Probably do this before inserting the table, but this was just for illustrating, rearranging the data. I did try earlier doing this with a table and some filters, but it doesn't seem to pipe through to the graph. So if someone knows the correct way of doing that, just do let me know. It would be a lot easier to be able to reorder this dynamically instead of manually, but maybe I'm not that far yet. Trying to talk and grab these handles at the same time is obviously a little bit more difficult, but that is how we can build one of these. Final one. Put the strongly disagree there. And therefore I've now replaced it. Select data. Change the categories. Get rid of that. Insert it again. So this would be the data that's used to plot it. This is not data that you want to present. So let's just get rid of that. Let's change it to white text and can't see it anymore. Drag it up there. Get rid of the outline view. Let's take the grid lines off so it looks right. Yeah. And there we go. We've got raw data here. We've got a charter down there, and that's probably one of the best ways of describing Leica data. It lets your reader kind of do the analysis for you and try and you're kind of showing the distribution rather than trying to hack it into kind of a single figure.