 I'm going to present Corais in this corrosion case. It's happening in this Tersenes bridge. This bridge is located in the center of Portugal, crossing the river Liche. But the most important of that is very close to the sea. As you can see here, there are only 500 meters away from the sea. This is a picture taken from the deck of the bridge in order to show how close is the bridge from the sea. The bridge was built in 1917 and the owner was the Office of Water Services. Today it's a Portuguese Environment Agency. This is important because bridges are not ideal. Maybe one of the causes is what you are going to see. It's a two-lane roadway bridge with two sidewalks, an unusual and common bridge, with a total length of 60 meters, a main span of 22.8 and two side spans of almost 19 meters. The deck has four longitudinal bridges, four longitudinal beams and several transverse beams. Here you can see the deck from the other side. This is some dimensions. The sections of the bridges are wider on the supports. In 2004, the owner required an inspection to the LNEC. And besides some minor damages like these ones, we found huge problems connected with cracking, concrete delimination and several reinforcement bars exposed and with corrosion. This problem is much more serious in the left beam, in the sea side. That pictures are from that beam. As a result of that inspection, several tests were carried out, carried out by a mineral assault, which some of you know. On-site tests are in order to evaluate the corrosion, were done in areas without apparent degradation of concrete. In order to determine the concrete cover depth and also measure the carbonation depth, the corrosion potential, the corrosion rate and also the resistivity of concrete. These measurements are carried out in three of the four beams, in one pier and also in the south abatement. You can see the south abatement without any special problem. And here you can see the result of the mapping of the corrosion potential. In red or pink, you can see the areas with active corrosion, so with almost all the area. In the white boxes are presenting the results of the corrosion current, corrosion potential and also resistivity of concrete. This is another example in the pier, again without special problems, but also the results of the tests are very bad. After that some, I mean, 18 cores were taken for testing in order to measure the chloride content of concrete, the carbonation of concrete and also the compressive strength and to do some microscopic analysis. And for each of these cores, we have chloride penetration profile and microscopic analysis with the different components of the concrete. The results of these tests are taking into account the advanced state of degradation of the bridge and the very deep contamination of concrete with chlorides. The bridge replacement was recommended. The owner decided to replace the bridge, but the problem was the bridge's safety until replacement or not. In the meantime, some traffic restrictions were provided. I mean, speed limit, maximum, right? And also avoid the traffic over the left beam. That's why we have here this, during this time, only one line, central line of traffic works. It was also decided to do frequent visual inspections. And I'm just presenting some pictures. Obviously I have many pictures taken from the different, during the different inspections. And also we have done some calculation in order to see if the bridge is certain or not. According to the national code, there's no safety with the bridge. So we have done probabilistic analysis with Bayesian updating. And the critical point was the section of the reinforcement bars, the mid-span section of the beam 4. And with this analysis, it was possible to check the safety of the bridge during the period of replacement. And finally, the bridge was demolished in 2011. And a new bridge is built since 2014. And I would like to finish with this question. Is this case study valuable for a volume of information analysis? Because we have a bridge with huge problems that motivate its replacement. With the chloride in this corrosion very, very serious. And we have also very many data from visual inspection. Also from the different tests that we have performed. But there's no structural monitoring system applied. And the bridge was already replaced. So this is the question I would like to put to the audience. Thank you for your attention.