 My name is Salim al-Haqqa. I'm director of the International Center for Climate Change and Development based in Bangladesh and also senior fellow at the International Institute for Environment and Development based in London. And I'm going to talk about something called the long-term goal in terms of the temperature target or the long-term temperature target. A few years ago in Copenhagen, one of the things that countries had agreed on when the heads of state met was that the temperature target for setting a dangerous threshold or definition of what a dangerous threshold temperature would be would be two degrees. And this is one of the things that President Obama and the president of China actually agreed on. But there was a dissenting voice in that group and that was the voice of President Nasheed of the Maldives who was then president of the Maldives who was speaking on behalf of both small island developing states as well as the least developed countries who disagreed with the two degree temperature target saying that it wasn't good enough to protect the most vulnerable countries on the planet. And he wanted and these countries also wanted a one and a half degree temperature target. However, the agreement was for the two degrees but with a caveat which was that they would revisit this temperature target in 2015 and between 2013 and 2015 they would have a review of the long-term temperature target and that review would take place through something called a structured expert dialogue which would involve experts looking at the difference between what a two-degree world would look like versus a one and a half degree world. That expert dialogue has been completed and just a few weeks ago the report was presented and was considered at the UNFCC meeting in Bonn in June this year. And I'll summarize, they have 10 major messages coming up and I'll summarize the main message which is as follows. While two degrees is safe for many countries and many ecosystems it is not safe for all countries and all ecosystems and in order to enhance the level of safety to include those most vulnerable countries, communities, ecosystems, species we need to think about a one and a half degree target which allows those to be saved. Now we realize a one and a half degree target is very difficult to achieve and it will take a lot of inputs but we believe it's both technically and financially achievable what we are lacking is political will and that's what we want to do. So in Bonn in the UNFCC meeting the least developed countries had a press conference which I facilitated where they supported and reiterated the one and a half degree target. The climate vulnerable countries which is another group of leaders of different vulnerable countries also did the same. The youth group did a demonstration, the climate action network NGOs had press conferences and a special issue of their daily newspaper called ECO on this issue in support of the one and a half degree temperature goal. This is still a very very contentious issue because not only are countries not even able to meet two degrees there is very strong pressure to try and give up on the two degree target as being simply too difficult and there are many voices making this case particularly in the scientific community people thinking that it's too late. On the other hand there are scientists as well as people working on technologies who feel that with the right kind of incentives and investments it is possible to ramp up our speed of renewable energy deployment and divestment out of fossil fuels and stopping fossil fuels as quickly as possible so that the one and a half degree target can actually be achieved. We believe it can be achieved and we hope that in Paris there will be an agreement to move the target from two degrees to one and a half degrees but we realize it's a very tall order. I will be continuing to report back on this in the run-up to Paris and at Paris so if you're interested in the topic please keep abreast of our video logs as they come out.