 Hello, everyone. Thanks for sticking around at Slush. Excited to be here and talk to you about space. When many people think about space, they think of the Hubble telescope, or they think of traveling at warp speed through the Alpha Quadrant of the Milky Way galaxy. But I'm here today on this stage because space is projected to be a multi-trillion-dollar industry very soon. And so people are starting to think about quite different things when we talk about space. So today I just want to talk about kind of the past decade where the industry has kind of been and where we're going, what the future looks like for space, and introduce some of my colleagues who are going to be talking to you about what they're working on as well. So the world has been using space for the past almost 70 years for things like national security, science, and research and development, and a few commercial applications like Dish TV and satellite radio. And this has been the state of things. Satellites have looked like this. They're gigantic. They've cost a couple billion dollars. Space has just been fundamentally very hard, a hard place to take advantage of across industries. And it really wasn't utilized unless you were a nation state or a Fortune 500 company with hundreds of billions of dollars to burn through. And space has been hard for three main reasons. The first is launch. It's very expensive. It's been coming down. You'll hear more about that after me. The cost has been coming down, but it still is a very hard problem to solve. Electronics to send into orbit have been very costly and bulky. And the third main reason space is hard is there are some critical systems that you need to put on board a satellite like power systems and propulsion that have just been very challenging to use if you are maybe budget constrained or not on the cutting edge of technology. And so we've carried on using space like this, spending multi-billions of dollars to launch satellites and have been launching in the past about 30 of these big satellites per year. Now satellites are starting to look more like this. As you heard Will Marshall's talk yesterday, his company Planet has hundreds of satellites a little bit larger than this one on orbit. But we've been working really hard in the industry to solve these challenges. So some are solved. We're on the way to solving others. And now we're launching hundreds of satellites per year as a species across the globe. The number of launches per year is actually almost following Moore's law. So I mentioned 30 satellites per year until about 20 years ago. And that number has been increasing and imminently, we're projected to start launching tens of thousand satellites per year. So this is not the first time people have tried to launch smaller satellites to save on the cost. This is kind of the third time really. The first time small satellites were launched, actually the very first satellite Sputnik was technically a small satellite. So in 1957 Sputnik weighed I think 84 kilograms. That's technically a small satellite. And then they got much bigger the size of a school bus. And then in the 90s, if you have an MBA, you might have studied some of these cases in business school. Some companies raised a ton of money to try to use small satellites to provide internet and cell service to people across the globe. And they failed pretty spectacularly. And so this, the past decade or so represents the third time space agencies and commercial companies are trying to launch small satellites. And I think it's very different this time. It's going to stick. Obviously I believe that I work in the industry. But it's kind of the perfect storm of factors that we have working in our favor this time. So there's actually demand for the services that satellites provide. People care about the internet now and want to be connected to it. Because of improved algorithms and computing power, we can actually process and make sense of a lot of the data that satellites are able to beam down. So images of the Earth and various other signals. 20 years ago, a lot of that data would have just sat there and we wouldn't really have known how to infer useful conclusions from it. Moore's law has meant that now you can pack very tiny capable electronics into these small form factors. So satellites this size or the size of a shoebox can have very capable cameras and radios and computers. And that wasn't the case. Everybody knows Moore's law. It's been getting better and better. We can fit more useful things into satellites of this size today than ever before. And then the other kind of perfect storm factor is these billionaire cowboys that wanted to start launching rockets into space. What they actually ended up doing was creating competition for some of the bigger governments and defense contractors that were maybe a little bit sluggish and not very efficient in how they spent their money. So when these private companies came in and introduced this competition, costs started coming down because they had to and venture capital was kind of quick to follow that. So the result of this perfect storm as I called it is that the bar to access space has been lowered tremendously. So you don't have to be a nation state or a Fortune 500 company willing to spend hundreds of billions of dollars. You can be a hobbyist in your garage or a high school student and you can launch a satellite. It's the democratization of space and it's doing some quite magical things for the world. Perhaps like less crappy internet on flights is one application or tracking crop yields. Banks can look at new housing developments to price futures and of course there are also a lot of more kind of world positive changes happening as well because of satellites. Using satellite imagery we can better predict and respond to natural disasters. I have my favorite example that I mentioned yesterday so apologies if you heard that already but a mobile breast cancer clinic would perform exams and then they would up they would put the results on USB drives and then every 90 days they would take those and drop them off at a doctor's office for a doctor to analyze the results and 90 days is a long time for some of these folks and more recently they signed a contract with a satellite provider and they upload the results of the exams in real time and doctors have access to them and patients get the care they need in a much more timely manner. And perhaps the biggest impact that we'll see and that I'm excited about is satellites providing internet and connecting everyone on the globe to it and to one another to things like micro financing platforms to doctors to schools. I'm just very excited for that day. I think it's going to totally change the world and the economy as we know it today. But of course like everything in life this is all not without its challenges. So I'll talk about a few of those and then my colleagues that will be on after me are working to address some of these as well. So one is space debris. So many of these satellites are being launched to low earth orbit which is anything below about 2000 kilometers above the surface of the earth and actually in that belt there's already a significant amount of debris that exists there. Man-made pieces of material. And so when you're launching to that orbit you actually have to be conscious of that. These pieces of metal might be very tiny but they're traveling at about the speed of a bullet and so they can seriously impact a satellite. Satellites that explode at the end of their lifetime can create tens of thousands of pieces of debris. So this is something people are working actively to address and it's kind of a big issue in the industry right now. I mentioned that launch has been very hard. It's hard largely because of the low volumes. If you're trying to stand up a manufacturing line to build six rockets per year that's not very effective and it's going to be very expensive. So in order to bring those costs down we need many more launches. In order to have many more launches we need the cost to come down and we've been a little stuck in this circular problem for a while and Jim who's on after me will talk about some more of that. Clouds, if you've looked outside today and imagined trying to take a picture of the earth, perhaps of Finland from a satellite all you would see is a big white cloud. It's quite lovely outside though my first time seeing snow this season so that's wonderful. So a way around this, something that Raphael, one of my other space colleagues will be talking about is called synthetic aperture radar. So instead of using traditional optical imaging they use radio frequency to essentially create a kind of composite image of the earth and see through clouds. And one last challenge that's near and dear to my heart is propulsion. So today broadly speaking small satellites are launched into orbit and are left without a means to maneuver themselves. They can't transfer orbits, they can't dodge this debris that I mentioned, they can't get themselves into the right orbital slot. And so that's what my team works on. So we founded Axion Systems to solve this problem and we spun out of MIT and we're developing this engine that uses electrical energy to produce thrust and the engines are small but they're also modular and scalable. So back home in Boston half of my team of engineers is working on the product. So we have three propulsion systems that we're delivering early next year that will fly on missions and the other half of the team is working on improving the performance so that not only can we address this small satellite kind of revolution that's happening but we can go beyond that and start transporting humans to Mars and other space stations and performing interplanetary missions as well. So the outlook for space is quite exciting. This is a very, there's a lot of action going on right now, very exciting time in the industry and it's fueled by more money and new technologies and so I'll touch on just a few of those and one is machine learning or AI, neural networks, lots of buzzwords there and the same way that machine learning is transforming other industries it's helping us in the space industry as well to make sense like I mentioned of some of this data that we're collecting about the planet allowing us to make educated guesses about maybe how many cars are parked in a Walmart parking lot, how does that translate into shopping for different seasons and so on. So machine learning, I think we're just seeing the tip of that iceberg, it will be a very exciting technology coming into space as well. Venture capital, I think it's a fantastic time to be a startup in the space, in the US at least in the past year the amount of money invested in the industry went up significantly, the amount of deals went down so money is being kind of consolidated in some of the later growth stages but I think maybe here and in other places we're a little bit earlier so there is a bit more seed funding to be had. Another trend I'm watching is freight transport so when you're shipping packages time basically equals money and if you can send a package via rocket that can translate into something like 120,000% a decrease in cost and if that number doesn't make your eyes light up, I don't know what would but for me and my company what really gets me excited is to be on the stage having a conversation about one day taking people to Mars with the technology we're developing and other planets and to be having this discussion about maybe receiving a package from Amazon that reached me by rocket so I'm very excited, there's never really been a time like this before in history for us, very fortunate and with that I'll turn it over to some of my colleagues so thank you.