 Ie, mae'n amlwg hwn nifer o'n mynd adnod o bobl a chdiwm anod ar draws. Mae hyn yn defnyddio'r gwaith i mi a chael bwysig iawn i ddau cyfaint o ddael y Feesol Llywodraeth. Maehereb yn ei ddelfwng gyda'r ddweud o of жadag o odd yn ff Berkeley. OFE yw oes i gweithio'r ddechrau i ddim yn rhoi'r gwasanaeth ar gyfer Mthlwys. Mae'r adnod o dechrau erth myl i bobl yn rhan o'r moll gwrsfwrdd ffordd, felly mae'n rhoi'r ymarfer a os ydych chi'n ddweudio'u ddeunydd yn ysgol fadhau yn yr arfer. Ac rydyn ni wedi'u gwahodiyn ffordd â'r ysgrifennidd ac yn gofyniwn iddyn nhw a fydd ni eisiau rydyn ni wedi'u cyffredinol â'r ffordd a'r oedd yng Nghymru yn gyfrifoedd yi'r imbannadau hyn sydd wedi'i gennymai nhw i'r ddweud â hynny sydd ymlaen chi wedi ysgrifennidd o'r hynny, y gallwn llawer o fewn oedd y cadmai, ond mae'n amlwg diolch ar ddod yn ddiddordeb. Felly mae'n gweithio'r ddiddorol, oedd yn ei ddweud o'r ddiddorol yn ei ddiddorol, fel ydy'r cadmai yn cael ei ddiddorol. Mae'n amlwg i ymddangos i'r awdurdod IOCAN, i fewn i'r FFWI yn yr hyn sy'n i'r llwyddiadau. Mae'n amlwg i'r ddiddorol i'r ddiddorol i'r ddiddorol i fewn i'i ddiddorol. Duncan Rudd erion i ddau sy'n gwaith cerddur iawnentrech arnyn ar shelvesau ffordd, sydd wedi bod'r hyn hyn sydd arloedd ac yn i ddechrau'r slesiwn. Duncan, ddau'r wneud i fynd i'w bwysig gyda'ch gydag i'w adeiladol. Dyfodd, mae'r rhai'r wneud hynny yw hynny yn gallu geddwynd ddechrau. Yn malg. Dyfodd, ddau'r wneud i'w bwysig, sy'n gydag i'w bwysig. Openers and Innovation, a report of the first Open Forum Academy conference. Now, what is the, up, down, this one? Okay, what is the Open Forum Academy? It's an independent programme. Graham already indicated that established by Open Forum Europe. It has created a link with academia and industry in order to provide new input and new insight into the key issues which impact openness on the ICT market, on the IT market. It does briefings. It does round table events. Insights events. It produces reports. It tries to drive thinking to stimulate thinking around openness, open innovation. I was a bit less aggressive. I said we have 30 plus fellows, but we are approaching 40, I think, currently appointed. It's a broad mix of academia and industry, and it's really a high profile think tank. And so yesterday, as Graham mentioned, we had the first fellows conference on openness and innovation. So now, if you think that we are a homogeneous group of people sitting there, reconfirming each other of their nice positions and how great openness is, you should have been there yesterday. We are really a broad spectrum, and we come from different areas. We have academia there. We have industry there. We have representatives from organisations there. So we tried to approach the topic of open innovation, of openness, and its importance, out of different angles, different perspectives, different dimensions. Really trying to bring together the people and move towards this common topic of openness. So openness, of course, is at the centre here, and we are looking at open innovation, which you could say is the highest level, including something like open standards. Very important topic out of my perspective, since I'm a standardisation guy. Open source technologies. And we were trying to address the aspects of society, the impacts, the challenges, the opportunities of openness, open innovation for society, for economics, and in a broader global context. Personally, I think it's unbelievable that we still need to talk so much and justify so much openness, that there are so many people still around who see openness, open standards, open innovation as a threat. There are all the policy discussions going on. I was last week invited as an expert by the German Parliament, which has set up an enquête committee to discuss about the digital future, and we were discussing whether openness is important there. What can you do? We are all using open source all the time. I believe almost everybody has already used, or is constantly using Firefox browser. We are used to it. We have seen the innovation potential that is in openness everywhere. It's astonishing that we still need to debate so much about it, but we've also seen today there are many more aspects and areas where we need to address, where we need to create awareness, where we need to move forward. What did we discuss yesterday? I want to give you a little idea about the topics that we discussed and the points that were made. First, openness and economics, open innovation and economics. We diagnosed there is a paradigm shift towards openness. Openness in the economy is primarily a reaction to the movement towards openness that we have seen in society, to the transformation of society. Collaboration, crowdsourcing, they are already a normal thing today and it's a reaction that industry tried to take it up in some way, tried to leverage the benefits. So it's important to open up for openness. Collaboration needs to happen across organisational boundaries in order to innovate, in order to create better results. Everybody is seeing this, be it government agencies, be it industry. Organisations need to find their way, establish their processes to open up for that. We need new metrics for calculating TLC. New parameters are needed, including what are the exit costs. If we talk about assessing open products, open approaches towards close proprietary approaches. It needs to include exit costs. It needs to include the ability to take up innovation. It needs to include aspects like lock-in and network effects. So new metrics here are probably needed and some researchers needed on this. And open standards are of key importance, especially for software interoperability. They are a driving factor here in this area and need to be made...