 All right, I'm really happy to be here. And why are you a hack? Ask the tough question. Well, to which I say, why not? OK. All right. So I'm one meter and a half away from everybody. I get to take my mask off. And for the next half an hour, I think, I have the privilege of answering 300 questions. So do your math. I'm not going to answer all the questions, obviously. It's going to be sorted by the number of votes. And I'll be brief each and every one with the hope to answer all the questions. But I can't. But I will at least read all the questions and after I answer as much as I could. So 41 people would like to know, and I quote, why are you a hack? I'm quote, and to which I answer, why not? I think to hack, namely to immerse myself in a system and think in a way that's out of box, that's creative, playful, and share it. It's just human nature. And so anyone can hack. Now, nowadays, of course, there's a kind of cybersecurity connotation to the term hack. As if, like, people find the system's flaws without telling anyone, exploit it, and so on. But that's called black hat hacking. And very few people who are hackers are black hackers. Most people who see the flaws in the system either tell the system maintainer to fix the system or to build a new system that doesn't suffer from the previous flaws. That's called civic hacking, by the way. And so I would just say, why not? And I encourage you to hack more. 29 people would like to know, I was happy to find Polis, which is a national level device at polis.gov.tw. So if you take a look at slash ocean, that's our ocean policy consultation. And it all used the Polis technology. And the main development takes place at pol.is. And nowadays, for pretty much all the cross-ministrial issues that each ministry have a different viewpoint, and so on, we just launch into a Polis conversation to ask people, what's your take on it? And automatically summarize both the divisive ideas, which we just table, and the rough consensus among the different populations, which we'll just very swiftly turn into the agenda that co-determines the policy. So easy to remember, input, crowd, output, meaning. And so it's a real-time system for gathering, analyzing, understanding more large groups of people thinking in their own words, enabled by advanced statistics and machine learning. And it is licensed under the AFROS GPL, the GNU Public License, which means that it's copy left if I contribute, and I did contribute to Polis. Then my contributions must be made available to everyone who want to use it. And their derivative contributions making their own changes must also be published to all the users of their websites to then also contribute back to other people who operate Polis. So it's like all the Polis instances are in the federation, and all our improvements feed into each other, into the commons, in the social sector. And so GovZero is a very large community. Not all the projects use AGPL. Some use GPL. Some use MIT or Apache, different software licenses. But all of them must fit the free software definition because GovZero is a free software community. And so we thank the Richard Stornman for coming up with the four freedoms of the software freedoms, and also coming up with the original formulation of copy left of the GPL. So personally, in my copious spare time, I do work on AGPL projects, such as Sandstorm, which is another system that enable people to be citizen developers in a kind of cyber security hardened way to enjoy the same work-proof activity as Google Apps and so on. It's at sandstorm.io. But it's, again, completely free software and under the AGPL license that I mostly contribute to. But as a public servant, though, my work in the official capacity are in the public domain, meaning that anyone can. It's not copy left. It's not copy right. It's in the copy center, meaning that you can just take my work into a copy center and make as many copies as you want. And I will never sue you because I'm a public servant. You already paid for it with your tax, I think. So that's my official capacity. 29 people would like to know, which coding languages do I currently use? What would you recommend to people who are just starting out with coding? I mostly code in, I think, text slash plain nowadays, which is writing email to tell other people what to code. And so there's a ministry job. But when it really comes to the point where I really need to code, I usually write JavaScript because it has a very quick turnaround. But I write with a dialect. It was a translator, translating compiler called LiveScript, which makes JavaScript more Haskell-like in its syntax. So that's my personal language of choice if I need to write something very quickly. But I don't recommend either LiveScript or JavaScript to you if you're just starting out coding. I mean, what it makes sense to learn coding essentially is to start with something you're already familiar with. So if you're already familiar with spreadsheets, then spreadsheet formulas are a perfectly fine functional language for you to understand and for you to use. And if you are into, for example, scratch, which is more like legal blocks. Or if you are more into automating your everyday choice, then there's a language called Sikuli, which is essentially just making screenshots until the machine learning language, if you look into the screen and see this button, click here, and then click here, and then click here. And you can automate a way pretty much everything. And so just find whatever your chores are in your daily lives and then work with the community. And whatever the automation community is working on, whatever language they use, use that language. Because language like human natural language is mostly about communicating with other people and whatever other people use to use that too. Another question about tux. So given my background, I would guess you use a GNU Linux high operating system. This is mascot of GNU Linux to do all or a lot of my work. That's true. What GNU Linux distribution do you use and why? Well, I use Ubuntu and because it's found pretty much everywhere, it's found in the kind of internal cloud that we deploy in the National Center of High Speed Computation. That's part of the preset configurations. And even if you have a Windows 10 installation, nowadays Windows 10 comes with a copy of Ubuntu installed. It's called the Linux subsystem. And so you can get into an Ubuntu user line. That's the user-facing experience very easily, no matter where you are. So it's more out of convenience than anything. But that's just my personal preferences. You don't have to use the Ubuntu GNU Linux distribution. 20 people would like to know working for a high administration, working with, with the high administration. How do we know whether or not VTaiwan is biased or rigged in favor of the DPP? First of all, VTaiwan was started with Jacqueline Tsai, I guess also Tsai, but not Tsai administration, with Minister Jacqueline Tsai back in the Mao Zhiguo cabinet that was around the end of 2014. And so because VTaiwan uses a process that focuses on what we call algorithmic accountability, which is a very big word, that simply means that you can inspect not only the way that Polis processes data, but also all the input is also published as open data that you can independently analyze. And you can independently draw your own conclusions so you don't have to agree with the Polis clustering or the Polis principle component analysis. And so if first, if it's biased, then we welcome your contributions to let us know of the systems bias because it's probably not intentional. And it probably cannot be rigged if the inputs, the process, and the output are all open. If somebody attempts to rig it, it gets discovered very quickly. And so this is what I call assistive intelligence, so AI that only assists the human-to-human communication to restore or empower human dignity without taking away our agency and with the full accountability in mind. And so far as I know, none of the political parties consider the Polis-like conversations as kind of threatening their own work in their representative democracy because if you have learned about design thinking, what Polis is doing is in the first diamond, which is to discover what people's different positions and define the common feelings. But it doesn't touch upon the development and the delivery of the final decisions and so on. And so I think this threatens no one and is far less likely for the partisan politics to interfere or rig the process. But you don't have to trust me. You can set up your own Polis instance and do the confirmation. 19 people would like to know, do you think that education is important as an education system, including high school and college? What advice do I have for students who don't find education helpful? I think education is important as in the younger people need to educate older people. And because the younger people, the digital natives, understand how the international collaboration works, kind of by default. And the sustainability requirements that nowadays circulate economy and so on, I have found that if I talk to younger people explaining that for example, this thing that I wear is made out of recycled coffee being waste and recycled plastic bottles and so on, they get this like triple bottom line, the environmental and the social bottom line in addition to the financial bottom line almost intuitively. But for the more elderly generation who was brought up by this linear GDP, whatever, thinking of linear economy, then it takes them some extra time to process what this actually symbolizes to circulate economy. And so thinking to the discovery of neuroplasticity, we do not have to give hope on educating our elderly and our other generations. They eventually learn not as quickly as you folks, but eventually they do come around. And so education is important and I call this reverse mentorship, which is why we invite many young people always under 35 as reverse mentors to cabinet minister to show them the new direction of the planet. And then for the ministers to get the resources required to make sure that their visions gets realized. So participating in reverse mentorship programs in this kind of programs, I think it's very important as your kind of social responsibility to teach the people who are older than you. And that's my main advice is just to work with this kind of social responsibility programs as early as possible and build intergenerational solidarity. And maybe you'll find that the elderly generation also have one thing or two to teach you too. So 18 people would like to know how much does Taiwan's relative cultural slash norm homogeneity impact their ideas about governance? I don't know about relative cultural norm homogeneity because I'm probably biased, right? I'm brought up on internet culture. Five years before I even have the right to vote, which is 20 years out in Taiwan, I already participate in internet governance in this idea of rough consensus and running code. And in the, like, Taiyalla indigenous nation or later on in the Amis indigenous nation that I interacted with, they have a very different culture and norm when it comes to interaction with nature, interaction with like gender stereotypes and things like that. And they of course all have their different ideas about governance and it's far more collaborative and cooperative than the linear economy that I just alluded to. So I think it's mostly about, not about diversity, Taiwan is pretty diverse as is, but about the inclusion and intersectionality, meaning that how comfortable we are to be uncomfortable of stepping out of our own comfort zone and to a kind of within island immigration for a few months as I did many times and to acquaint ourselves with different governing models and just to think beyond the like single monocultural group that we consider, you know, our comfort zone. And I think this is, the more that we do this, the more transcultural we are, then the less this will inhibit our ideas about governance. And the more that we think ourself as a transcultural republic of citizens, which is my translation of Zhong Haoming, well by the way, and then the more ideas we will have about future forms of governance and think democracy itself as a technology. 18 people would like to know, what's my biggest motivation to participate in politics? It's fun, so right, so fun, I'm motivated by fun. And back when I'm still doing pro six development, I coined this dash big O fun, like optimize for fun as a kind of rallying cry for the pro community to work with the Haskell community. And optimizing for fun is important because fun is contagious, fun is, it makes idea worth spreading, spread more. It increased the basic transmission value of whatever good ideas that you may be holding. It spreads faster than outrage and outrage already spreads pretty fast. And so nowadays, of course, we call our counter disinformation strategy humor over rumor for this particular reason because if people feel that participating in public policymaking or in building the commons is fun, then it's much more likely that you get more people, friends and families to work part time into the public policymaking work. And even people who are 16 years old and so on, they are actually the most active age group. The next most active is around 65 years old. I think both age group have a lot of time on their hands probably. Anyway, so they're 15 and 16 years old. They start a lot of good citizens initiatives on the join the GOV.TW platform, which is the national participation platform. For example, around banning of plastic straws on the national item to drink, which is the bubble tea. And that was started by a 16 year old. And when we meet her, she was like, oh, this is my civics class assignment. So it turns out the civics class teacher just assigns this homework for everybody in that class to start something, to start a petition, to start a movement that will mobilize 5,000 people to petition for a policy change. And it just so happens that the reducing plastic waste is really trendy at that time. And then we work with environmental protection authority to make that happen. So nowadays, her initiative is now our policy. And so it's a lot of fun. And she actually mobilized more than 5,000 people because they enjoy this idea of solidarity and co-creating with even the vendors that make such single use plastic straws. And they say, they're also looking into transitioning because 30 years ago, when they started working on this, that was because of Hepatitis B. They essentially performed this work like the mask producers nowadays to shield the population from Hep B. But Hep B is cured nowadays, so they don't have to insist on using such single-use utensils anymore. So they brainstorm and work out a lot of ways. For example, the carbon capturing and decomposing well materials or just redesign and render the plastic straws unnecessary. 14 people would like to know, why did I leave education at 14? No, I started my education at 14. And it's just I left schooling at 14. And what was the first company I started? It's called Inforion or Tsishunren. It used to be a publishing press, but then I co-founded the software publishing portion of it. And then do I suggest people of your age drop out of formal education? Yes, anytime for James. Right, so when I dropped out, so I said this was a caveat, because if you simply drop out, then you may get fined $380 per day because it's compulsory education at K to 12 level. And so when I dropped out of middle school, my parents instead of convincing me or convincing the head of school simply arranged for me to meet with the head of school to explain my grand plan of starting a company or things like that. And then I just told the head of my school, Principal Duhui Ping of Beijing Middle High, saying you tell me that I need to finish my studies and I need to get a PhD and work as a postdoctorate or associate to this great professor of AI that I admire and so on. Well, look, there is this website called ARXIVarchive.org run by Cornell University and the professor that I admire are publishing on it even before the article goes to the journals, the draft is circulating on archive.org and I wrote the professor and the professor wrote back and because they didn't know I was just 15 or so. But anyway, so we just started working on research together. So obviously whatever you tell me that I need to finish my studies and get a degree to do is unnecessary. I can just bypass this and start doing research. And then she thought for a minute looking at the email printout and say, okay, from tomorrow on you don't have to go to school anymore. And I will cover for you, meaning that she will fake the record for me so that I don't get fined by the Ministry of Education. And so yeah, I suggest you if you want to drop out have a good talk with the principal, with your teachers, with the faculty and they can also maybe cover for you and with the nowadays a very flexible curriculum. All right, so 13 people would like to ask this question from Maurice Dool. How do you protect your software from hacking, corruption and people with bad intentions? Wow, well that's actually three different question. So I don't protect my software from hacking. You're free to take my software and hack it as long as it's running on your own computer and not my computer. And because I relinquish my copyright you see, either a copy center or a copy left and it by definition opens up for anyone with any intention to use. There's no software like patents or whatever other legal devices that's designed for me to sue you if you use my software on your computer in whatever different way. So I don't protect my software from hacking. But if it's running on my computer or if it's running on government computer to fulfill a public function, then of course it need to shield itself against corruption. That is to say attack either from the outside or from the inside. And for that we have the Cybersecurity Act that appoints specific dedicated personnel in each and every government agency and critical infrastructures to essentially to act as the safeguards. Whenever there's any attempts at attack we will do what we call defense at depth which is when we detect intrusions at the outer layers the outer layers are not connected to say the operation technology layer, the inner layers which are often disconnected from the internet altogether. And these dedicated personnel are there so that we can do a advanced threat hunting to see what's the likely next threat going on and also be very resilient in recovering from any attacks. And finally about people with bad intentions. I think it's fine to have bad intentions if you don't act out, if you don't act on it. If people have this urge to find flaws in the system then we hire them as white hat hackers. We say, hey we have this Brookbomb bounty program. We have this white hat hacker penetration testing program. So before we roll out this digital service for other people to use, we invite you for six months just to attack the system and we'll publicly credit you for it. We'll pay you very handsomely. You'll get recognized as national heroes by the minister and also the president. All this so that you don't fall to the dark side which has more cookies. And so that's just incentivizing people with bad intentions to nevertheless do good work. So 13 people would like to know is stress the importance of data and transparency. How do you work with private companies like Facebook and Line and require them to give up information? Right, so I work with those especially Facebook but also Line as a trade negotiator would work with fellow governors. They're not quite sovereign because even though Facebook tried to print their own money they're not yet there. So not quite sovereign but at least co-governance. And like any trade negotiator it works well if there is a strong social solidarity and a strong social norm to support whatever agenda that we are pushing for them to reveal. For example, right before the election I think it was last year about around one year ago we managed to convince Facebook to publish in real time their advertisement library. That is to say leading to a presidential election they will publish each and every targeted advertisement that pertains to social or political issues as open data for everybody to inspect and only accept this kind of payment from local people instead of any foreign people. But I was able to negotiate with them on this particular matter because on the previous election the Control Yuan, the Jin Cha Yuan already published the campaign donation and expanded to an open data in exactly the same radically transparent way. And they published this because the civic hackers used to protest about the fact that Control Yuan hordes this information to themselves so they walk into the Control Yuan asking for the A4 copies and then turn those A4 copies through what we call OCR or Otaku character recognition that is to say people who stay at home and look at those cap charts and solve those cap charts they would then digitize those campaign donation and expenditure reports. And so because of this push then the legislation worked with the Control Yuan for the mayor election in 2018 for the first time, published a campaign donation expense report and then we could say, okay, this is the new norm of the Taiwanese society. So the Facebook governess can decide either to for our election, publish the campaign donation expenditure exactly in the same way as the Control Yuan and forbid this foreign sponsorship of targeted advertisement or they may face social sanction. And in Taiwan if they're social sanction, well it's very powerful and pretty much other companies cannot survive social sanction if the Taiwanese people decide to do a social sanction. And so Facebook said, okay, even though they have not published anything like that in most other jurisdictions, they agreed to do so in Taiwan because they understand this is not just a government requirement but rather this is a social norm. So just approach them as a co-governor and approach them like a trade negotiator and with the social mandate. I think the last one is the last question. So what do I think of social media? I think like any media, social media can choose to be anti-social which is to promote the kind of divisive and toxic and polarized norms or a social media can choose to be pro-social which is to encourage people to find a rough consensus common values out of very different opinions and positions. So the polis is actually a really good example. Just like Slido, there is no reply button. So if you see the questions that you don't like, if you see the sentiment you don't like, the most you can do is not to upvote it and then propose something and then lobby for that something to be voted up but that's the extent you can do. There is really no way to troll Slido or to troll polis in any significant degree. And so this is what I refer to as pro-social media and that would deepen the culture of democracy. It will let us see that as a policy we're not that different after all. Even though we have our divisive moments, most of the time we agree with each other on most of the things and this will be the kind of lower hanging fruits what we call the rough consensus for the polity to move forward. And now this is 1 p.m. So I will stop right here. Thank you for your great question. Thank you. Mr. Tong, on behalf of KS, it's an absolute honor for you to come and speak with us today. We are so grateful for our students. Thank you for the questions you shared and for the upvotes and you heard some pretty compelling things today. And as you walk out, I encourage you to reflect on those, think about those and come up with more questions. Share them with each other, share them with your teachers. You can probably share them with Mr. Tong as well. So thank you so much. And then we have a gift from KS just to share with you, to share some gratitude for coming. And Ms. Rock. Hi everyone, it is lunch time. Off you go to lunch. Simple.