 I welcome you in the course of leadership, emotional intelligence and decision making. This is module number 11 and we're going to talk about evidence-based management. When we talk about evidence-based management, Albert Einstein came up with a very interesting idea. His famous quote is that no problem can be solved from the same level of thinking that created it. In this particular quotation given by Albert Einstein, there are three important things to be highlighted. One, that we need to talk about the problem and remember that every problem is a unique problem. Koi bhi problem, kisi bhi incident se related jab akar kar rahi hai, toh wo with the passage of time usme uniqueness create ho jaati hai. With the passage of time, harik problem hum ek unique context pe lenge because usme humari expectation, usme humari performance might be different, ya at least time frame would be different. One important thing to be highlighted in this particular quotation is that when we talk about the solution of the problem, there are different solutions which can give us the same result and we need to be very much conscious that what solutions are going to be operated or usse hum optimized outcome wo kais se hasal kar pahenge. The third important thing is that we have to move in a higher level context. In a higher level hum apne aapko us problem se alehda karke, ek holistic view me cheezon ko dekhenge. Holistically je cheezon ko hum dekhenge toh humare saamne ek bigger picture aayegi jissse ke hum ek better solution wo devise kar sakte hain. Sorry, remember my dear students, teen important cheezne hum ne zihin me rakni hain. One, what is the context of the problem? Two, humare pas uske expected solutions kya hain? And three, that we have to have the bigger picture, the holistic view, jaaha se hum apne evidence ko create aur shape wo karenge. So let's talk about ke evidence-based management me important aspects hume kya zihin me rakne hain. The most important thing that we have to bear in mind, that when we talk about evidence-based management jab hum decision making based on evidence, jab hum innovation based on evidence ki baat karte hain, to the first thing we should bear in our mind is that we have to be conscious. Me apne conscientiousness ko higher levels peh lekar jaana hain, ta ke hum zyada optimise decision kar sakhe hum logic-based baat wo kar sakhe hum. Jab hum logic-based baat karenge, evidence-based baat karenge, hum us baat ko mukammal toh par rely krwainge on the precedents available to humare liye decision making zyada baasani hogi. The second thing we need to talk about, that the evidence we are going to talk about is going to be explicit. It should not be hidden, it should be documented, it should be recorded aur hum us cheez ko iss tarike se baasya karenge, that everybody, every stakeholder involved in the decision making should be able to capture the whole scenario and the whole picture. So explicitly cheezon ko humne baasya karna hain, rather than ke hum implicit applications ki baat wo karenge. The third thing we need to talk about, jab hum decision making based upon evidence ki baat krte hain. So that is going to be that the decision is judicious. Judicious ka matlab hiye hoga, it should be based on ethics, usme distributive justice, usme aapka justice based upon the scenario wo mujood ho aur us justice ko base panaakar, us fairness ko base panaakar, hum apna faisla wo kar paaye. So three important ingredients, yad rakh yega that the decision should be taken when you are conscious, when you are expressing the things explicitly, and when your decision is based upon some judicious evidence. Abin teen baaton ko zehen mein rakh kar, the first thing you need to see, ke jo practitioner decision making kar raha hain uske paas expertise ka hain, uski judgments ka hain aur based upon those expertise and judgments, based upon his or her proficiencies and competencies hum decision making ko bahta toh par apply kar sakenge. The second thing is that the evidence should be from the local context, ek asa context aapke same ho, ek asa organizational evidence aapke paas ho, jis evidence ko aap locally prove bhi kar sako, ke based upon the facts aapis evidence kyu par baat wo kar rahe ho. The third important thing we need to talk about is that jo aapke paas research evidence hai jab aapne usfaisla ko karne ke liye us problems related to research conduct ki, so us research ka aapne critical review wo bhi kar hoge. So that you could know ke uske pros and cons kya hain, so that you could know ke us problem ko humne ki strike se hal karna hain. The fourth important thing as you are looking in the slide is talking about the importance of the stakeholders, ke kone kone se stakeholders hain, jin stakeholders ne us decision making mein apna contribution wo dena hain aur us decision se kone log So, three important things, consciousness, explicit and judicious, yateenu cheeze hain hume chahiye when we talk about evidence based upon the importance of the stakeholder, the critical review and the practitioner's knowledge and judgment. Aap hain is baat ko ek step aage aur chalaate hain, jaha paar hain elements of decision making ki baat kare hain, evidence based decision making ki baat kare hain. Ish mein jab hum practitioner knowledge ki baat karte hain to uska background, uska experience that is something that is very important to be counted, uske expertise ka andaza hume wahan se hoga, uska exposure kaisa hain usse hume pata chaleega ki wo decision making mein kin cheezon ko participate wo karwara hain. The second thing is ke kis level ke upa decision making ho rahi hain, organization ki kone se haraar ki involve hain, kin logon ke liye hume decision making kare hain aur management team jo us decision making ka main component hain wo logon hain. The third thing we need to look at ke jab hum evidence collect kare hain to it can be based upon the case studies jo ke already ek industri ke andar different context mein available ho. And we have to see ke jo data collect hum kare hain wo data authentic ho aur us data ki criticality, us data ki importance should be evident. And the third thing as we have talked about ke data ki authentication ke saad saad, ab jo fourth context hume dekhna hoega that would be the stakeholder preferences. Unki innovative problems kya hain, unko kin decisions par apna amaldaramat wo karwana hain. Ab is baat ko ek step aaka chalaan ke liye jab hum evidence based decision making ki baat krte hain to ek evidence ko collect kare hain ke liye sbse pehle hum stakeholder se puchhenge ke unke pas problems kya hain aur usse related evidence kya hain. So we talk about the asking aspect. The second thing is ke unse data collect hoega. So that is the acquiring aspect. The third thing is ke ab jo data hume pehle pas collect hoa uska hume critical review kare, so that would be the appraising aspect. The fourth thing is ke wo sara data collected usko hum aggregate kare hain usko hum collective formation mein lekar hain. So that would be the aggregating aspect, the fourth step in evidence based decision making. The fifth aspect is ke ab jo hume faisla based upon evidence kya hain usko hum apply kare hain aur apply krne ke baat the sixth step would be ke hum assess kare hain ke aaya humare jo solutions thay wo karamat thay ya nahi thay. Ab kis kisam ke hum faisla karte hain based upon evidence? For example, it can be selection technique, it can be performance management and it can be job satisfaction. Dear students, agar hain ussari baat ko conclude kare hain, to yad rakhyeega ke problem ki importance wo bohot zoroori hain jaanna Dursari baat ke hum jo faisla kar rahe hain usse related humare pahs data collect accurate ho aur uske shawahid uske evidences humare pahs mojood ho, koi precedent record hosakta hain koi case study hosakti hain, jisko base banakar hum faisla ko kar na chata hain. Thank you.