 Innovative drug delivery systems are being developed to target ocular diseases in the posterior segment and retina. These include novel matrices, nanotechnology, and non-traditional treatment strategies. These advances offer potential solutions to the anatomical and physiological barriers of the vitreorentinal structures while addressing issues with patient compliance, acceptability, effectiveness, and sustained drug delivery. Clinically applicable experimental approaches are needed to further advance the development of these systems and improve the quality of life for patients suffering from ocular diseases. This article was authored by Andrea Gabay, Marco Zeperi, Lucia Finocchio, and others.