 Well, welcome to Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum. My name is Kim Robledo-Diga. I'm the Deputy Director of Education here at Cooper Hewitt. As the nation's design museum, we have a fantastic commitment to fostering and celebrating young designers like yourself. As part of our commitment, Cooper Hewitt is holding its second annual call for student entries. In conjunction with our current exhibition, The Road Ahead, Reimagining Mobility. We challenge students to answer the question, how might automation change the mobility of people, goods, and services? Submissions came from universities across the country, and five projects were selected to be exhibited in our Road Ahead Reimagining Mobility exhibition. Today we have with us those young designers representing those five projects from the University of Michigan, Harvard University, University of Washington, Cain University in New Jersey, and Arizona State University. So today they'll each present their projects to a group of designers and experts, not just their design project, but their process, and hear feedback from them and their peers in the room, which leads me to welcoming our guest panelists. We have Ryan Powell, who leads the UX research and design team at Waymo, a talented group of researchers and designers, taking a human-centered approach to design of the world's first driverless ride-hailing service. He is an accomplished design leader with deep experience in consumer products. So let's say hello to Ryan, who should I go first? And to his left, we have Jack Robbins, who's principal director of Urban Design, FX Collaborative here in New York, who works with the public and private clients to create vibrant, sustainable cities. He brings a design-oriented approach and international experience to creatively solving complex challenges with a keen understanding of the designer's responsibility to the public. So let's welcome Jack. And we're missing one expert panelist who's meant to join us today, Sarah Williams, who got caught up in the grounding of flights today with the wind for all you experience wind today. I'll introduce who give her a bio now, but I'll actually introduce first Ruki Rami Kumar, who's to the left of Jack. She is the director of education here at Cooper Hewitt and also a designer herself. So she'll be participating and giving feedback. And then when Sarah comes in, she'll join the team. So Sarah Williams, who should be joining us shortly, is associate professor of technology and urban planning. She's also director of Civic Data Design Lab at MIT's School of Architecture and Planning. The Civic Data Design Lab works with data, maps, and mobile technologies to develop interactive designs and communication strategies that expose urban policy issues to broader audiences. So I'm going to welcome actually the first presenter. And I figure that's where we present. Each of you can introduce yourself and your teammates. That's how I'm fair. And so our first presenter here today is going to be Emmanuel from the University of Michigan, who's going to present about his design of future bus. And as a reminder, we'll have about 10 minutes to give for Emmanuel to present and then get feedback from everyone in the room. Excellent. We'll welcome and invite Emmanuel up, and we'll just do a little dance here with laptops. My name is Emmanuel Puppetry-Gio, and I'm a senior at the University of Michigan Penny W. Stamps School of Art and Design. I'll be graduating with my BFA this April. I began conceptualizing campus transportation last summer, where I was compiling my graduate school portfolio for architecture. And I wanted a project that spoke to architecture, transportation, design, and my love for graphics and product design. Today, we're going to be looking at specifically the Ann Arbor campus of the University of Michigan. And for those of you who are not familiar with the city of Ann Arbor, it is due east of Detroit about 45 minutes, excuse me, due west, for about 45 minutes. And it could be considered a secondary city to Detroit's primary city. It has a population of 112,000. And of those 112,000, 70,000 are university students or faculty. So the existing system has to tailor to that large density every single day at various times of the day. Looking specifically at the university campus, it's separated into five different campuses. However, two are mainly used by students. On central and north campus, there is a mix of academic buildings and student dorms, which is where most classes are held. While south campus holds all the infrastructure for the university, excuse me, for the athletic stadiums and buildings, while the east medical and medical campuses house all the hospitals. The current system has many problems as I've lived through for the last three and a half years and have discussed with my friends on a cannabis. Some of which can begin to be that they are all on the street and are exposed to the cold Michigan winter. We just experienced a polar vortex. So I'm sure you can imagine how it feels to be standing outside in negative 15 degrees weather as the picture on the left illustrates. Furthermore, the Central Campus Transit Center has a meridian dividing both loading structures and that makes crossing between really unsafe. Looking specifically at those four campuses, what appears now in purple are the university buildings. Now these are the dorms on both campuses and that is all with the inclusion of the athletic buildings. And so you can see that there's a need to connect these three campuses. That is a fundamental need. When we look at the current system, we can begin to discern that there is a large overuse of the same roads. And as I click and begin to show all these routes that the current system uses, you can see that that central road is being used by over nine routes. And what is it gonna appear now in red is actually serviced by nine routes. So over nine different buses, excuse me, bus routes are going on that street and what appears in light blue is serviced by three routes. So there's an over usage of routes, excuse me, of streets and it is an inefficient way to solve how people can travel around these three main campuses. Again, looking at that from above, you can see the street in the center becomes to be very dark as all those colors are overlaid one on top of the other. Traffic during the peak transit hours begin to illustrate how those three campuses need to be connected. As you can see, the hotspots do represent the central areas of each campus. The proposed system that I'll be presenting today takes the campus and separates it into primary routes and secondary routes. The primary routes are served by campus connectors by two different buses, one that will be running 24 hours and another that will run towards, excuse me, that will run during the peak transit hours. The high density route connects hotspots on all three campuses and is a loop so we'll be continuing with unrestricted and unstop flow 24 hours a day with the bus that appears on the block. From there, the campus commuters will take students from stops on the primary route to campus outskirts which could be dorms or other locations on either of those three campuses. That route is served by a smaller bus all the time of the day while during peak transit hours a larger bus would come out to serve that added density need. Students can transfer between primary routes and secondary routes, 14 places throughout those three campuses and that would happen at the transit hubs while the campus transit center serves as a central nucleus for this entire system. When you compare the system that I'm presenting today with that existing, there's not only a reduction in the bus stops and the primary routes but the new system is more efficient with less overuse and less pollution as mobility solutions are both autonomous and electric. I would like to say that as a disclaimer this was a top down conceptual design so while these autonomous buses do not feature any LiR sensors or any other sensors that we actually just took a look at upstairs. The low density commuter routes would be served by a small low density design bus that would fit 20 people and this bus would run 24 hours a day 16 feet by eight and a half feet tall and features a exterior structure that is in blue to color coordinate with the route but the glass can connect the interior with the exterior landscape. A look at the interior. The high density routes would be served 24 hours a day by this design and it is a similar concept to what we just looked at and I'm trying to maximize the use of glass within the design. You can see on the top I've also included a bay for the bus to be able to drive in and recharge electrically. During peak transit hours on the primary route a articulated accordion bus would come out onto the system and be able to move over 130 people at any given time throughout the three campuses. This would help significantly as students have to come between those three campuses. A lot of students live on central campus but need to commute to another campus for school and so between eight and 12, a lot of students will be needing to take the bus and to commute to another campus. The interior of the buses was inspired by a seating that can be found in many metro systems particularly I was looking at the ones of the London Tube and the Paris Underground where you have the ability whether you'd like to sit on the inside or stand, the chair can fold out and provide comfort in either of those seating or standing positions. This illustrates how you can decide whether to sit or stand with the chairs folding out at different capacities. When applied to the interior, the low density design just features one row of these chairs while the high density design features a row of these chairs with couches around and the maximum density features more of that. As you can see here, the high density routes interacting with the low density routes and then each of these low density routes would serve to access a neighborhood on campus where students live at and so then they'd be able to come back into that central route and go up to the three different campuses. Those transit hubs as I mentioned earlier are the place where we can make that transition and finally the central transit center would be the new police of that system. Looking specifically at the central transit center, I expanded the streets to allow for an improved traffic flow throughout the area and also shifted the structure into the center to allow for more efficient loading and transfer of routes and my sketches and process could be shown at the bottom of the pit. In addition to that, I also added urban design, excuse me, urban renewal area where students can lounge and enjoy the sun during the summer and study and read. The interior design features color coordinated bays that would tell the buses where to come in and stop as well as people as well as the users where they can build their buses. Screens would display times of arrivals and departures and de-grooved interior ventures allow for unrestricted navigation within the interior program. The central campus transit terminal also has spaces for those buses to charge. As you can see, both buses can just drive into a charging bay and refill their energy there. Two buses of each density can fit within those charging bays. The urban renewal can be seen here and there's an inclusion of buses for that last mile rhythm. And finally, I'd like to end with the climate controlled interior campus transit hubs which feature a variety of solar panels and bikes for that last mile ride. As you can see, they share the same grooved interior seating and paneled wooden texture and these are renderings of the system in the current and urban campus. My students will be predicted from the snow and because it's a 24 hour service, excuse me, 24 hours system, it allows for the much safer navigation between the three campuses. As well as during the summer, you can escape from that humidity. Thank you for your time and thank you for your selection. It was an honor to have my work in this missile. It's very nice project and a lot of elegance to the graphics and the presentation. I wonder if you could talk a little bit about, it seems like the system that you've set up is really dependent on the transfer between the kind of longer routes and the sort of shorter loops and in all kind of transportation planning anytime you have to transfer someone you lose riders. It's one of the problems we have in New York and we've been trying for decades to get a one C ride to the airport. It hasn't happened and probably won't happen. But I wonder if you could talk a little bit about how you see that transfer happening. Yeah, totally. Well, there's different areas of campus, South Campus, Central Campus and North Campus and a lot of times you don't miss when you're on one campus. You don't have to go to another one. You could stay within. So the idea behind the commuters was not only going from one campus but intra and extra within and across. As for losing riders, because it's a university system, they're gonna be required to go to class. So I'd say that I aimed more to make the climate control interior and a nice space for them to be in and improve what's currently there. What are some of the things that you were thinking about the riders? What types of activities or things do they do during the commute? I would imagine they're probably on the shorter side. The overall commute they'd be like within 10 or 12 minutes or so. Yeah. So the commute between North to South Campus, which are the ones that are first apart is about 25 minutes. But on that commute, most students are on their phones. Some read, there's some talking but with the redesign, what I did is I placed chest throughout the center and then couches throughout. So when you're inside the bus, it's more induces to social interaction because you're actually facing someone and then you have the option if you don't want to face someone, you can just stand or sit at the end of those benches. One of the other things, I don't know if did you think at all about the sort of maintenance of the buses? I mean, one of the things that's really beautiful about both the buses and the stops is how much glass you have in there and this wonderful current glass. But someone's got to clean that glass and you talk about climate control but I didn't see any air conditioning units or anything like that. I need you back. Yeah, I wonder have you thought at all about the sort of maintenance issues because again, for transportation systems, a lot of the money is not just the kind of first investment in the equipment and the structures, but in the ongoing maintenance. Thought a little, not a lot to be honest, but the current system is serviced by maintenance bay on South Campus and that was one of my personal, not all the desires, but what I think this doesn't address is a central terminal on North and on South Campus. There's really a central terminal on Central Campus. So I would have liked to go back in and design maybe another larger bus stop on South Campus which would be where they'd be serviced. So that could be something that I'll go back in and design. Yeah, I think that, I mean, I think just sort of acknowledging those issues helps a lot because again, for there's a transit company or sort of university or whatever, looking at the sort of thing that's always one of their consequences. How does the maintenance work? Where does it happen? Where's the equipment for that? Can you tell us a little bit more about your overall process that you took? Yeah, so everything always begins with a sketch once the idea is there and after inspiration or research is diligently done, it begins with a sketch and then as that becomes more detailed, it will then go into Rhino and all of these CADs are actually all Rhino files. So there's a Rhino file for the climate control for, excuse me, the transit hub. There's a Rhino file. If anyone doesn't know what Rhino is, it's RhinoSRS3D CAD program. This is all one large Rhino file and once I build the shapes, I then import them into KeyShop and based on how I layer my shapes within Rhino, I can assign different textures and colors. And then from there, this presentation was made in design. Back to your process. You solved for multiple problems at one time. It was a question of efficient use of the street because you talked about overlapping routes. You talked about shelter from climate. Why did you choose to take on the problem in its most complex state and not just solve for one thing? So as a senior, I had a thesis of part of the curriculum at the School of Art and Design and this was an idea that I had for that thesis project. But just with the timing of grad school applications being in January, I wanted one project that would be the highlight within that portfolio. So that was the reasoning as to why I did this at that scale, hopefully to try to get my, get acceptances, but yeah, mostly for grad school. Would you see this having kind of wider application besides just, you know, this particular setting? I mean, it seems like you almost designed a set of fairly universal pieces, but then applied them in a very specific location. Yeah, I think it could be used on any university campus of that size. I can immediately think of the University of Florida, any big state schools here, like New York, Ohio State, Michigan State University, or any reading institution that needs to move large numbers of people outside of the university setting. I did look at a lot of bus rapid transit systems. So the one in Borbova, Columbia, which is the largest one in the world. So really any city or excuse me, bus rapid transit systems have been used a lot in cities. So I just wanted to kind of modernize that. And yeah, I do think that it could be used. Would you see this as dedicated lanes, like BRT systems? Yeah. I wondered about the glass too, because in winter when there's that much white, it's almost blinding to then be further in a highly transparent reflective environment. I'm just wondering how that translates. Well, a lot of, so the glass would actually wouldn't be that transparent. The transparency in the renderings was just to show the interior. But I could imagine, this is all conceptual, so I could imagine that in maybe 20 years, there's a function like in 787s now where you can dim your glass. So maybe that is something that is used. At what point did you decide to go the driverless route and why? I decided to go to the driverless route almost instantly. The University of Michigan on North Campus houses one of the biggest university level autonomous research at MC. And so because this image is actually on campus, I wanted it to speak to kind of the local autonomous research that's going on within the University of Michigan. So that was almost instant. Could it work with driver vehicles as well? Yeah, because the current system does have driver vehicles. And what's the, I mean, do students, is it free to students to ride? So it just gets funded through tuition. The things that students have done to kind of augment the current system, like is there a usage of scooters or bikes or did they kind of have this mixed sort of modality when it comes to transportation? Yeah, well, students can input their own feedback through a survey that they have online, but there are a number of scooters as we've seen kind of in New York City, birds and limes. And along some of the bus stops, not all of them, there will be bike racks, but they're not actually implemented within the bus stop. So kind of last mile would be maybe UberLift and then scooter and bike, if not walking. But during the winter, everyone just braves the elements because if you get on a bike, chances are you might fall. Did you consider systems for bringing the bikes on the buses? So actually the buses, current buses do not allow bikes to go on and with that interior row, they would only fit within the door space. So what I envisioned the bikes to be would be from that bus stop, from that transit hub or the central campus transit terminal outside to the outskirts. So it would go to a home. You'd be essentially riding into the bus. You wouldn't have to take it onto the bus. Yeah, at Google we have shuttles. I live up in the city and I commute 40 miles south from the peninsula and we put our bikes on the outside of the bus, on like a bike rack, yeah. Yeah, there's some cities. And they'll go to the front. I know Providence, Rhode Island has a system like that. There are a few other cities that do that that would have a big bike rack that sits on the front of the bus. Any more comments? Could you give that up for the next group, anyone? No, any comments from other students? Have you, during a research process, have you identified any insights that can apply to all the whole commute communities? Like not only within Michigan, like any insight that you identified that maybe you can apply to other universities that can't utilize as well within the transit system? A lot of the research that I was doing was really based on the University of Michigan and our local geography as to what can apply to other universities. I'd have to think, can I get back to you? Lovely presentation, great. I was just wondering how your time of action was to put a point into this, because everything's like pretty good for my son. I'm only a junior in college, what I'm looking at right now is that you're pretty spot on and you've got a lot of inspiration from it, so how are you going to do some time management to put forth this kind of presentation together since you've worked on it like so? Yeah, well, thanks. I appreciate it. Just nonstop, Mr. Grine. I just know how to say it. He has a life, it's like. But like setting the wiggly deadlines with something that I did, like I want to have the sketch done by then, I want to have the cat done by then just to try to meet a longer, or excuse me, further out of deadline. Okay, so you would still make a certain time for yourself that at the end of the day or the end of the day, you don't want to work on this project or this amount of time, and then you carry it on? No, not even that. I just look at my calendar and I say, this Friday I want that done, by that Friday I want that done, and then I'll allow myself to do whatever I want. I don't schedule my time. But as long as it's done by Friday, however it's planned. So I'd like to thank you Emmanuel, thank you everyone. I think the Grine is going to be something that's part of your lives. It's going to become growing to the full-fledged designers. So I want to go ahead and invite the group from Harvard University, and their project is the Jetstream Capture, and we have one representative from that. Hi everyone. So we are a group of students from Harvard and Emmanuel Xu Jie, one of our background in architecture, design engineering, and energy systems. Our teammates, our quality team really isn't able to come today, so we'll start. So today there are lots of discussion about urban mobility. So when we look at the problem of mobility, we try to define mobility from a wider perspective. So there are energy mobility, information mobility, social mobility. And in this challenge, we are particularly interested in the future energy mobility. And the human development in Thailand with the anthropocentric reliance of fossil fuels has led to huge negative impacts on our planet and caused climate change. And here is a scene of Canadian tar sands mining. You can see it has detrimental damage to the earth and the land scale, and you can search tons of images showing how these fossil fuels based operation lead to damage to our planet. And there are lots of scientific research. For example, this one by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It gives us some proof on our anthropocentric agents that caused the greenhouse gas emission. And in 2016, the Paris Agreement, different countries signed international nationally determined contributions. But actually the result is quite not optimistic, because based on different simulation, different scenarios, it's very hard to reach the targeted objective, to control the temperature rates within 1.5 to 2 degrees by 2030. So there's a huge demand for energy system transformation, especially from the fossil fuel-based energy production to more sustainable energy system. So our idea is the Jasmine culture. Jasmine culture rethinks the idea of energy production and transportation. And today there are lots of efforts, for example, to increase energy efficiency, to mitigate the carbon's environmental impacts. And there are also transformation of previous fossil fuel-based industry into carbon-free operation. And we are here, we are giving an alternative solution. And we design a future energy infrastructure with an anti-bassist energy source. And it tackles the problem of energy mobility. And we try to look at, we start looking at the atmosphere layers, because most of our labs are within a travel sphere. But our, actually the planet and atmosphere has a much wider scope. And there are stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and they go, so our, the height, the attitude way. We live within, it's actually a very small amount of the whole atmosphere. We see some interesting projects, for example, this one launched by Google X, the Project Loon, it is a network of balloons traveling 20 kilometers up in the stratosphere, delivering internet connectivity to people and reserve communities, especially in developing countries. And this, the idea of jet-stream culture actually comes from one of my terrestrial energy system class, and the professor introduced the jet-stream zoom. Jet-stream zoom is at the intersection of the atmospheric circulation cells of our atmosphere. The air, due to the Coriolis force, there forms a partial pressure difference and form this consistent wind band, and it is called jet-stream. And there are polar jet-stream and subtrop, which are the strongest jet-stream at the height of nine to 12 kilometers. And there are also subtropical jet-stream showing a shallow grid in the diagram, which are within the 10 to 16 kilometers. And we find there's opportunity to utilize this anti-energy system energy source and, because there are lots of large cities within that jet-stream zones. For example, in this case, we take Toronto as a sample city and it locates within the polar jet-stream zone. Yeah, and there's a comparison of the conventional wind turbine and the one that could be powered by jet-stream. The conventional wind turbines like eight miles per hour, and it's a low efficiency with intermittent wind, but when it comes to jet-stream, there will be 100 miles per hour high efficient generation with consistent wind. And we also look at the wind turbine technology development today, right now the largest radius of the wind turbine goes to 120 meters. And so we are proposing this... We treat this project as a speculative design and we design beyond the latest capabilities because we want to push the possibilities further. And this is the genocopter in the jet-stream zones we propose that generate power with this vertical wind turbine and it's balanced by the quadcopter mechanism of the main structure and we try to map out this energy flow diagram, the system energy flow where the energy captured by the genocopter, which is the mix of generator and quadcopter are captured by the genocopter and then part of the energy was for self-sufficient, like balancing issues for the generator itself and then the other energy could be transferred by small quadcopters and the small quadcopters function as energy carrier and they discharge this energy on the energy hub which is the ground infrastructure part and so the energy hub distributed the stored energy from the energy carrier and distributed that to electrical vehicles and smart grid system in the city. And so on the right side there is a diagram that shows the structure in the more physical conditions. It combines the jet-stream culture system, combines the drone technology with the wind harvesting techniques with three parts, with the genocopter harnessing the energy in the jet-stream zones, the small quadcopters transferring energy into the energy hub and then the energy hub distributed, produce energy into electrical vehicles and the smart grid systems. So the smart, the small quadcopter could get charged by plugging at the bottom of the genocopter and then transferring through the atmosphere. And here actually the selection of the small quadcopter as an energy carrier is through a few comparison with the proposed ideas. In one proposal, we're trying to look at this radioactive and transmit the energy by electric magnetic field but we think there may be a large scale risk for society because this kind of radioactive activity would cover the entire city. So we choose the small quadcopter as the energy carrier. And the small quadcopter will land on the platform of the energy hub and discharge energy for electrical vehicles charging. And here is the rendering of the energy hub. The spiral form comes from the geometric metaphor of the vertical spiral turbine and it not only creates this formal consistency but also it could integrate into the current road network. For example, the energy hub could be located at the roundabouts in the city. And this, the pochette parts which are the dark grid parts are the energy mass which will store the energy that get transferred from the genocopter. And in a section, we can see the energy hub structure has a possibility to integrate with vertical orbital mobility and to like discharge the subway system. And we see there are like more possibility with this kind of system. Yeah, so I know it's about the time. I will just kill it very short. So I want to talk about the perspectives of our design. So I think that in the age right now because energy is so, carries so much economic value. So in the most prosperous urban regions such as New York, they are very rich. But it's actually that we need to have the mind of international developments when we design. So even in the latest design, this is Hong Kong, the Greater Bay Region. It seems that the current government has, is like the current development is only powered and powered by functional led regions. So I think that is not enough because the current environmental governance is almost incremental and led by this very purpose. And in fact, there are a lot of sources of energy if we talk about energy in the sense of anthropogenic angle. So actually through the technologies in the applications through the design of technologies and design engineering, we can bring a lot of chances to rebalance the energy within the earth. And this is one example in China where they use the drones. E-commerce companies use drones to deliver agricultural products in the river regions. And also in our age because like 5G and the smart city, we have a lot of data centers. So we need to keep in mind that even we have the energy redistributed rebalanced, we need to have more sources of sustainable energy like what we discussed. And so we believe that with the design, we can create new energy and new mobility which will enhance the standard social mobility and less externality and new global governance. So this will lead to a better future. That's what we believe. Okay, thank you. Thank you. Tell me a little bit more about what's happening at the centers where people kind of can come. You showed like an example of somebody charging a car but sort of what would you imagine the types of activities or what would be the experience like if I came to one of these places? Yeah, so we have this vertical core with these elevators from the subway layer to the top of this we call it grand stairs. Because we not only want to make this energy the distribution structure, but also it could be an urbanistic interface for human-people-city interaction. And this form of making of like take this metaphor of spiral wind turbines actually, we want to visualize the invisible wind and we want to create this as a symbol of sustainability that can raise the public awareness of energy use. And so there are like there will be, we imagine there could be like a greenery on the platform. So it's not just a cold energy mass but kind of a public activities platform and people can participate in this process and promote this energy mobility in the future. I think it's a really sort of intriguing idea. I'm not convinced by the physics of it because I think that wind turbines work by being anchored to the ground. As soon as you have a wind turbine that's in the air and the wind pushes against it and turns the turbine, then the things that's holding it there is pushing back and you're using as much energy just to keep the thing up as you are generating. But putting that aside for the moment, what makes this a better system than the conventional methods of generating and distributing energy now? Yeah, because we try to approach this problem from a different way. Instead of increasing the efficiency of current system, we want to incorporate more energy sources. It's kind of provide alternative thinking to this problem. And we understand there are physical constraints. For example, how to stabilize the genocopter in the jet-stream zone. And there are certain technology, there are some wind nets, but there must be lots of challenges. Here, I think as a speculative project, our motivation, one of our motivations is to inspire more researchers and designers to look at this problem out of the conventional box. So it's kind of our vision for the future, but it may not take the forum as this one. It's kind of a step forward to that future. Yeah, I mean personally, I would find it more convincing if you weren't trying to fly this thing, just build a structure that's super tall. Because that's something we know how to do and can be done. And it's true that you get more wind the higher you go. And so there's a logic to it that doesn't have all of the challenges that you sort of set yourself up for by having this thing sort of being flying. Yeah, because in terms of that, I would actually have a decision making on this issue. Firstly, building a large foundation structure, maybe an ideal solution to stabilize. But also realize the jet stream is not actually stabilized within that belt. It moves with the Earth's revolution around the sun. So it will move north and south, quite wide range. So we are thinking about the genocopter in a global scale, the genocopter could not be nationally owned, but more like global shared energy producer. So the city within the belt at that time could benefit from this energy infrastructure. And the energy hub could be a fixed location. So that's something I didn't mention when it comes to the jet stream. I don't know much, I know that Google has a project where they are using wind kites to, it's called Makani. And there is something about, I don't know the numbers, but they're like 80% less expensive than the big wind turbines. And I guess that's a big problem with them. But kites are sort of a T-shaped thing that goes up very high and they sort of spin around. And they generate a bunch of, you know, they capture a harvest a lot of power that way. Are they tethered? They are tethered, yes. But I don't know much about them. But it is a gender, you referenced Lune here, which is also another kind of aspirational sort of, you know, farther looking out. But it's actually, like you said, in use today. And your project reminded me of the Makani project as well. So maybe check that one out. Yeah, yeah, thank you. We'll check it out. And because that Makani energy kites, actually they are using like the normal wind energy in the atmosphere. But here we are, especially, I want to push this forward and there are a few energy existing in the jet stream. But currently there are like less research and development in this area. So yeah, we're going to raise these awareness and, yeah, kind of into the future. Let's take a normal question. So in best case scenario, how many of these would be in each city? For the... Are you planning like one per city or...? I think for the, like, downtown area, especially the area that has the highest energy use, because we designed this to look at roundabouts kind of high density urban area for this part. And it's definitely not economic for sub-urban areas, because there are like more energy transmission laws during that process. So I think like one or two in the downtown area would be reasonable. It just seems for that, if you're thinking about high population area, space is already an issue. And so then the scale of this and the footprint of this and how much it disrupts the landscape in general, is there a more efficient way to solve it where the scale of this is not at the level that you have it at? Yeah, these are some problems we need to think first. Megastructure is not like that into a human scale, not perceived as a friendly built structure. So yeah, maybe we think of like decentralized, decentralized smaller structure. Yeah, that could be a good idea to move forward. I like that we're thinking big here. So next I want to invite the University of Washington, who are going to present on their supply chain design project. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. We're from the University of Washington. My name is Ian. My name is Sarah. I'm Claire. I'm Cecilia. And I'm Sarah. And today we're here to talk about the supply chain alert system to imagine the future of food transportation. My favorite food is barbecue chicken. It's so crunchy and so delicious. But have you ever wondered one question? How did that chicken get into your plate? Where did they come from? Let's take a look at the dive on where the barbecue chicken end up in your plate. It usually start off in some kind of form where the chicken is raised, then send it to a manufacturer where the chicken was being prepared and processed. Then it cross a long way, eventually arrive at your local retail store. What we just look at there is what we call the supply chain. Supply chain is a model of how currently customer goods are transported within each country. Over-arching what's called the food supply chain will be called the regulatory agency, such as USDA. They monitor every step of the way to ensure your food is safe and sound. However, today we're going to scale down our scope a little bit to only talk about the distributor and retailer portion. I want to hand over to Sarah to talk about why we scale down to that scope. So it is estimated that meals in the United States travel about 1,500 miles to get from farm to plate. So we're in New York City today. That would be like us hopping in a car driving all the way to Nebraska just to get that piece of barbecue chicken. It's a very long distance. So 12% of food is lost during distribution mainly due to improper refrigeration. So this is where we wanted to really narrow down the scope of our research to focus more on temperature and location in order to prevent food safety hazards and help mitigate waste during the distribution process because as Ian was mentioning, along the supply chain there's all these points in between where the food is going from farm to a processing center. It's getting off the truck, maybe sitting in the sun for a while. The temperature can actually get outside of this food safety zone but that isn't accounted for when the next processing center picks up that piece of chicken because when it's in the truck the temperature can actually go back to a normal safe level. So it's really hard in the current model we have today to really account for what temperature the food is at along the entire journey. So based on this we really wanted to ask ourselves the question how might we create a system that ensures food safety requirements are met during transportation points in the supply chain? For our research areas we did a lot of secondary research to scope down exactly what comprises the supply chain what regulatory agencies are involved. So there's the FDA, there's the USDA they each manage different sections of the supply chain and they target their inspections in different ways. So some ways they target inspections are random based on being notified of potential food hazard but there's not really a way currently in place for the data to be transferred between all these complex agencies to have more targeted food safety inspections. We also researched into existing technologies so we wanted to see what sensors exist today in terms of monitoring temperatures and then also looked at the infrastructure of the trucks to see how the temperatures controlled in the units how to monitor it and learn that a lot of the data transfer that happens along the supply chain is based in paper format and so records can easily be lost or things can happen due to human error or even an inspector accidentally missing a shift there's like a lot of moving parts in this whole complicated system. And then lastly we investigated food safety hazards so what hazards exist today in the current system and then how this design could help mitigate the loss of food. And then I'm going to hand it over to Claire who's going to address the insights that we derived from our research. So based on the research Sarah just talked about to help us inform our product that we designed we created four insights. So the first insight is temperature and location tracking of food needs to be accurate, constant and real-time. The only users of this product should be able to make the final decision based on presented data. Third, respondents in the supply chain should be immediately notified of potential food hazards to prevent food safety violations and mitigate waste. And lastly data should be transparent and constantly shared between supply chain sectors and regulatory agencies. When we made these we actually made a few design assumptions that we want to address. First of all we're assuming that the transfer of data would be reliable and transparent. So we're kind of assuming that this trust is embedded into the system already and no sector will be fabricating data that they input into the system. And also like Sarah was saying the technology that we looked into we're assuming is existing in the system as well. So for example like to account for paper data being tracked we could look into systems like blockchain which could create a way to share data live and right away and also RFID chips and other sensors that could be used in trucks. Yeah, so we present you the supply chain alert system. I think the magic of our design is our design requires less human intervention along the supply chain make a larger impact. And here's a conceptual model of our design. Our design is backed up with a database. Our database with a building function called a data reference. A data reference every time it detects a normal behavior within the dataset or detects a pattern it will immediately send a warning to USDA and the next person in line. The next sector in line when they receive a warning they can take action immediately where the USDA can keep track of the record so for a future data referencing. Now we're going to talk a little more of our future interfaces. So for starters we wanted to look at what the user would see from a holistic viewpoint so starting from the state view. Opening the interface they're presented with kind of clusters of where different trucks would be located and to ensure that they're not overwhelmed with information we have them clumped together into numbers of that various area and this just ties into like our first insight of having that like real-time information readily available. So when you zoom into city view you can finally see like those trucks and the direction that they're moving along the route. So however when there is an abnormality in temperature detected by the system the system will first alert the users send a warning and also it will highlight the instant of the truck over there so that the users can know the exact location of the specific truck so that they can easily locate it. And also the users can click the view to see more detail of the information of the incident so that they can make judgment as their actions according to the information they have. However we acknowledge that there could be instant when there are multiple alerts happening at the same time so at that time our system will list all the incident based on the emergency of it. For example it will judge how much time and response the users have and also the economic cost of this specific incident so that the users know what is more important to solve first and they can make judgment based on that. So in the case that food contamination is detected as a potential threat the system is able to provide recommendations about how to view out the truck to avoid that threat so the red path is showing the original path that the truck is originally intending to take and how if they go along that path they may run into the risk of food contamination. So the system provides the green path which is showing if you take this path instead you will be able to avoid this risk of food contamination. And the system is also able to provide the data and explain why it's making these suggestions for you. So it's able to detect patterns in the data and interpret them in a way that makes sense for the user. So for example there is a high financial risk if action is not taken and you're able to see more of that data behind that suggestion. And overall the system provides the data that helps the user make a more informed decision whether or not they want to go ahead and reroute the truck or if they want to ignore the suggestion and ultimately make the decision for themselves. And in the case that the user does want to reroute the truck and to avoid that risk the truck driver is automatically and immediately notified so that they can take action and the next in line in the food sector so in this case the processing center there's also an option to notify them as well. So what's next? We would like to further polish our interface. We would like to do some user testing allowing each sector of the supply chain to kind of understand the needs of the users. Furthermore I think even though our scope is only between the distributor and retailers it gives us a peak of the future of what it's going to look like when applied across the supply chain. Even overall we're going to develop interface for regulatory agencies. The power of that is that regulatory agencies collect all these data. They're able to collect patterns and trends. They can't even predict food hazard happening beforehand based on the past data they have. And they can target and specify their inspections to target towards specific companies based on the data record they have. And thank you for having us and we're now open for questions. Your overall narrative, the problem statement and how you talk about the insights you developed and how that informed your design. So that was very nice. What I think is also interesting too is what you talked about at the end how you could begin to sort of use this data over time and so instead of trying are there routes for example that make more sense for certain types of food? I don't know how distributors work today but maybe even bundling certain types of different deliveries together to sort of, I'm sure they probably do something like that but just basically trying to learn from that data over time and cover those patterns I think would be really kind of interesting. I think we identify two main users within our system. One being the USDA or regulatory agency another is those who are in the supply chain. For the user who are in the supply chain they actually need a quick action like really small scope of action they needed. They don't need to know the overall trend overall data of how the supply chain is shifting where the USDA, that data will be really useful for them. So we believe that different respondent of different users should cater different data that's best for their use. What we're ensuring here today is kind of the supply chain sector and the user within but we would like to expand further into the regulatory agency we think that's really powerful. We think that the regulatory agency is one of the biggest applications because with the USDA and the FDA right now they each control really specific sectors like let's say frozen meat for example or like another kind of product and how they perform inspections it's so randomized that if there was a way that you could see not only what a food hazard happened but what it potentially happens so for instance if one truck we could pinpoint that truck has a problem with this cooling system faster that could be added to the pattern that the FDA or the USDA could receive so it kind of builds this chart over time that shows this place has had 25 instances of potential food hazards or this place should be inspected right away because it has chosen to ignore the risk of a potential food hazard and not reroute the truck multiple times so it would save their resources as well to be able to pinpoint where to target. I also really appreciated the clarity of your presentation and the definition of the problem and your process and your research and how you qualified certain assumptions. You seem to be mostly focused on temperature of food as a thing but certainly when regulatory agencies are doing inspections they're looking at things other than temperature have you thought about other things that could be expanded, that could be done? Yeah so we were thinking that temperature could kind of serve as like a base level for investigation because it's easily traceable and something that is like so constantly shifting versus like testing the actual product in the lab study would be a little more intensive but if they're aware that a certain firm has a problem with food safety hazards they could maybe target inspections which are based more on going into lab studies for those specific firms. I don't to lie I think we identify like three categories of hazards that can happen as chemical hazard, biohazard and human error. However if we explain all that to you all the project will be super complex for the project clarity and how kind of like the idea kicking off the idea start we kind of narrow down to what's mostly happened was the refrigeration system we pinpoint that 20-12% is lost because of that so we think it's really important to kind of pick that point out and kind of explain how that system is going to work and then expand in the future to all those areas. It's a really good starting point and a good base and it makes a lot of sense why I did that. I just think that from a regulatory agency perspective it's saying okay I want to, this system is going to save me money because it's going to save an inspector going to check on something, right? If the inspector has to go and check on anything on stuff anyway because all you're doing is looking at temperature it's less value to them so I think that's something to if you guys to think about going forward. In general it would be interesting to sort of think about the economics of this like it's a great system would be great if it was in place but who's going to pay for it? Who doesn't save money to the bad value? So things like that I think would really help to sort of flesh this out. How would you incentivize these different distributors to use it instead of having to think of it as a top-down sort of regulatory thing? Yeah if you could do the analysis that shows that the distribution company has to throw away this amount of food and that costs them this much but your system is actually going to save that money and then pay for itself something like that. That's an interesting point because we did do a primary interview with someone in the supply chain who said that they have these current watches but if it's a package of fish is spoiled it will turn a specific color to indicate it should be thrown away but the benefit of this system would be rerouted so you wouldn't lose all the product. I heard a person on YouTube he kind of said that each sensor is kind of expensive to implement so they will only use those kind of sensors of expensive products so we are thinking about we are designing and we also want to consider about the technology question so we think in the future those kinds of sensors will be cheaper in time to let our system Another good point I think we can mention it's going back to the supply chain model we believe the customer is the one who actually drives the entire chain even though we view it as this way but we believe the customer have really the down effect on the entire chain so if the customer, if we do education on a customer and the customer is more aware of the food safety, if they make economic choice on what product they are buying, what product they are not buying that will incentivize the company to open up their data to kind of collaborate with them because ultimately the customer is the one that is making the purchase and that will impact the entire economics of the chain I would say the other thing again and this is my bias as someone who is involved in the sort of physical world design I really want to know what this thing looks like like what is the sensor like does it sit on each package does it sit on each truck and I think that would even if it is just a conceptual idea it just helps make it wheeler in your presentation yeah the storytelling was really great and clear so I understood that but there were moments I think where I lost who the user was because you start very much from the place of what you like and so even now I am sort of trying to figure out what will the consumer actually see how much data will I get on a package of chicken and do I really want to read on that yeah we are already overwhelmed with labels these days there is nutritional information there is expiration dates there is manufacturing there is hormones, no hormones did it eat grass? then in addition to that if you are going to check on during its lifespan every temperature it encountered for a consumer that feels very overwhelming the other thing that also struck me was the seems to sort of be a disconnect between the layers of information because if a larger agency like the USDA were using this interface you presented at a macro level where you can see that there are 16 trucks in this area but you are actually problem solving on a per truck basis so when you do that macro view you have to really dig deep down to actually find your problem so it is in some sense causing error because you could miss something if you don't distill down so there has to be a way to find the problem at a macro stage and then distill down and that was what I was missing in the interface was how do you find the problem at a large scale and then because the only way I saw it was that when a single truck highlighted red you knew that that was a problem how do you do that when you are tracking on a global level or even a regional level that's a lot of data to sift through to identify a unique problem so that kind of scalability problem solving I think still needs a little bit of adjustment I really like that you spoke to the consumer and what information they receive and I think that with the future augmented reality our ability to scan products in the store increasing data transparency could be really valuable for a consumer because I do believe that we vote with our dollar and so by choosing a company that has had a certain line of transparency with this product the ability and all these other factors could make a huge impact on the global supply chain I think this is where I think you can make an interesting connection as you was talking about economy where a brand were to invest in that kind of research I'm more likely to trust a brand than to stand at that grocery store and do that level of inquiry on the spot I don't know if you guys know the restaurants all get graded and see you they're required to post that letter grade in their window when you walk in and it's simple like ABCD and you know no one needs to see a restaurant right you just don't and so that really helps that that harnesses what you were talking about in terms of the consumer decision on it so I do think there's a way to sort of boil down the information to something that's very consumer friendly but a data dump on a consumer at the time of purchase feels a bit intense to be honest I think just to quickly clarify I think a lot of the question was raised in terms of FDA we actually have a flush shell interface I think if we presented an interface that would make Lawrence more sense we did think about how can they get down to the bottom data and what they can look like how filter the data for them because one of our professor actually always tell us in this stage information is now scarce this human attention and how do you catch the attention at the right time how do you cater the information user need at the time it's kind of like what the magic of our design and we do believe if we polish the FDA the regulatory interface the whole system will make more sense of how we present it and we'll definitely work with ID designers to kind of implement this chip and kind of figure out how it's going to look thank you so much excellent so I wanted to introduce Sarah Williams who's literally fresh off the airplane and teaching a class and getting on a plane and being delayed this is Sarah Williams I gave your bio earlier Sarah you gave my bio earlier I was familiar literally off the plane I was going to fall out of the sky because of the wind we had an airstream presentation earlier that might have been informative for you so thank you university of Washington I will definitely pause next time I'm offered chicken until I think some design version of your design is implemented but I want to introduce actually it would be considered a local university, Caine University is presenting their journey map so welcome to the stage good afternoon everybody my name is Michael Daniel I'm James Jarazio John Almeida Jared Nelio Torres we're from Caine University Michael Grace College so what we have brought you guys here today is the future of university trend system it's a little bit of a boost from the journey map so hello everyone just wanted to speak on why we did this I want to explain why we chose to do this problem as you know we're four college students two of us dorm and two of us commute so we know the struggles of everyday college students from not just from Caine University but from across the country in the globe the troubles of the commute is that in traffic you have to get out of your house you have to park your car you have to take the train there's train delays you're going to be late to class you're going to have to tell your professor sadly dorming is not as good as it seems you have to wake up you have to go eat you have to brush your teeth you have to walk the class imagine in this weather it's brutal trolleys are always late there's no biking system so why did we do this we do this because we want to make a better system not only for us as the users but also for the faculty and I think the system could be implemented not only at Caine University but it could be implemented in other campuses and other universities even on a bigger scale as part of a bigger ecosystem so as John just stated the problem that we face is train delays, other commute delays there's accidents on the road anyone has to put up with not just Caine students everyone lives in a densely populated area it's going to be going in the same situation that we are this is just a quick example of the day in the life scenario for someone who's traveling to Caine University start off student A is getting ready for the light rail system at their local train station so they have to go from there to the next big hub train station which for us would be Newark Penn Station and from there they have to transfer again to the next train to a union station which is on campus now after arriving to the university the students will walk from the station through main campus to their class which is located on east campus now for anyone who doesn't know how our school is set up main campus and east campus the furthest points are probably about half mile in distance so it's a decent walk especially outside in the cold so you have to walk from the main campus all the way over to where you arrive at your class on east campus we came up with a solution for these four points as to how to make sure the students and faculty can get to the campus more efficiently in their time for student B they will go to let's say the north Penn station and there will be a section off just for that student or faculty member to get onto that bus which is an autonomous bus they will have to put in their ID or show that they're a keen student in some way or form and same thing with the faculty that they're flashing ID and scan the way onto the bus the buses are autonomous just to fit in for a moderate reason because we're moving more technologically into the future and as ID majors we were trained to show that we're to be most advanced but acceptable so even though these buses are going to be autonomous they're also going to be run by a human genre operator some sort of just to keep track to make sure the bus is running on schedule and everything problems can happen they can switch and move over to manual and just continue on to the schedule the buses are going to be timed onto the time sequence that the college has offered so as they're going from the train to the bus onto campus they'll drive over into main campus which is 2 when they get onto 2 the bus will take them over to the main campus and then they arrive into a 3 3 is basically giving up 2 choices to how you want to get around the campus you got either A, take a bike which is you can register from your phone or C is to get a cart a cart you can hold numerous amount of people it's almost like a Uber but it's not it's only to take you to the main places in the campus so only certain buildings as to what class you have to go to and each car will go to that set building and there are 4 rubies to that they chose that they take that autonomous car and then the autonomous car would just go back to another place and they would just go on throughout the day this is a 24-7 service because most of the classes don't get onto 10-45 at night so this is a constantly moving thing that makes sure everyone gets home safely and gets to the classes orderly and on time alright so first things first I will say that everything here is conceptual and there are also 4 parts to this so you want to start with the bus, the cart the bike and the application and the application itself ties everything together let's first start with the bus how it's set up is like an electric vehicle so it's an aluminum body chassis and an electric motor it's equipped with a 440 kWh battery which is floor mounted which gives it about 250 miles of range electric power steering and of course throughout the body of itself will be embedded cameras and then of course embedded long-range sonar sensors and radars so in terms of autonomous we want to make sure it's safe and of course because we're in the 5G section now the side of 5G is going to be the best in order for this to continue with autonomous and in terms of how we said it's kind of like Uber through the application itself you'll be able to see live where it is just like when you order an Uber you'll always see where the cart comes from so this is why we have a rooted GPS system now how the interior works is since it's an autonomous vehicle we decided as students it's never enough time to get work done there's always another section we still got to get things done we decided to have a classroom set up on the inside of this it's more like a double-decker sized bus so students can continue their productivity as they're on their way to classes now where these stops are also set up is that every student lives in a neighboring town which is next to a city so these stops will be mapped out along especially for us students here at the university we have students that are from different states so if Pennsylvania, New York and New Jersey that's just the minimum it's also so for students who live that far it's really hard for them to commute and as design students we have late nights it's kind of hard to find your way back at home so this is why we decided to go with this autonomous bus so that it can reach those areas and bring them back and this is a rendering of the bus itself next is the cart so the cart and the bus are pretty much similar the difference is the same thing, it's an electric vehicle four dependent motors, a loaded body chassis because it's smaller it's going to have a 425 kWh battery, floor mounted gives it about 190 miles of range, electric power steering like I said before it will also have sonars and radars and cameras all around autonomous vehicle and rooted GPS because for this you can actually order this cart so for instance if you were to go to another and you're on the route that the car is coming you can order it on the way so that the bus or the cart will know that you are there and it will stop and take you, pick you up and go on through the entire route and these are a couple renderings here and of course we have the bike now how the bike works we decided, you know what let's not do an autonomous bike let's slow it down a little bit so we decided to exercise that accountability of doing a pedal assist so that students still continue that productivity around campus these bike stations will be planted across the university on both campuses so students have the ability to go on their own on top of that there are different colleges on each campus so they'll be able to go to the neighboring college if they have to go to that so this is equipped with 600 watt brush and electric motor, pedal assist 36 volt 10 amp battery located within the frame itself so what you would do is you would walk up to this you would actually have to take out your identification card put it in because you're a keen student or you can take your phone out because you have the application that will allow you to scan it on the screen, which is the bottom left is what I'm talking about here and you from there will be able to use this electric bike to get onto your destinations going to across campus going to your respective classes or going to your dorm rooms this is the rendering shot here now what ties it all together is the application now you see the application here you would sign in with your K&ID and from there you would see live feed of where the buses are and of course what the time frame is of the next bus if you are in those respective cities if you're near those respective cities so that way you'd be able to know where and where the bus is coming when you're on campus you can see where the bike stations are and where the carts are in motion to reserve that bike or reserve that cart via face ID, via touch ID whatever phone you use you'll be able to get it all together and this alone the application makes it a seamless experience so that students will be able to know what's happening at a live time and that's one of the biggest things for us another thing with the application is to help you plan ahead to manage your time and to make sure that everything goes on according to your plan because sometimes you have clubs it's causing you to try to get the full experience of college so what that will also help you do is plan out throughout your day so we get to do on campus and then we do off campus to help you get yourself off thank you thinking about your design of the buses I think it's interesting that you have there are autonomous buses but it sounds like you have a driver or an operator there and it looks like a traditional sort of driver's seat or station do you think about maybe changing sort of the orientation of that seat or to kind of maybe fit a little bit more with that role me and Michael were talking about this about this conceptual phase and the way that we thought about it is the market I don't think the market is ready for full autonomous they're not ready because I think the system can be implemented in just a few years and that with this system is that once the market and you know autonomous vehicles become the norm is that you can take out the driving assist and just go full autonomous but as of right now in the next few years the market and the customers, especially the customers and the users are just not ready for that we don't want the pressure as college students because it's all about the end user we don't want the pressure to get into these buses to get to campus but we want to gain their trust so we put a driver in that also for me no override just in case I can chime in on this one as I said earlier as industrial designers we have to make things advanced but yet most acceptable so sometimes you have to like take babyseptic in order to introduce a new product like how do you do with the new smart cars with the Google cars they introduce it into senior homes to drive them around in little places and even they have a little difficulties doing things because sometimes they'll go off track and whatnot so that's the whole point I forget what the acronym was for I am most events get acceptable so if we follow that acronym to its fullest capacity that's how we can introduce every advanced thing in a more smooth transition I like the kind of the aesthetics, the look and the feel of what you've got I think that's very compelling and I think does a nice job of bridging between what's recognizable and something that's a step into the future I think that there's a you know and it's interesting to sort of think about trying these integrated semi-autonomous autonomous systems in a campus setting because it's a fairly controlled setting but it has also a microcosm of a problem that we have in cities of large which is that classes start at the same time at the same time so you need to be sure that if you're having all these people take all of these vehicles is there space for them it would be fine if they were more staggered and going one at a time but by putting everyone into smaller and smaller vehicles to get to their destination then you have a lot of small vehicles arriving to your destination you're just creating a traffic jam at that point we actually discussed this to make sure that that doesn't happen the way we discussed this wasn't like semi-ethical but still out there in the open because it hasn't even happened yet so it's not just that it's all a little transition it's all a little road or rail to set destination to go from point A to point B to minimize go to the rough sketch of the map real quick so there's a little station over here by one has a two-side drop-off so it's a limited congestion of it one is like the train station that's just way off the scarlet side then put in the train station yeah, I'm just gonna do what happens at four the rest of it is okay to the end but to eliminate that congestion is to have that rest stop for the buses to drop off from what I've noticed from most campuses it has to start at eight o'clock and the average commuter would try to get to campus at least an hour ahead of time so that's pretty much more reasonable for the bus to be able to get invited because the bus fits 32 people so I say like from what we had in the app that there was like five places that we had labeled off five places that fit like 32 people that would be more than enough to bring people because there was people that commuted as well by being a car and sometimes they would just choose to take their car over to go to campus to buses we have what we call a trolley system for us it's like a cut in half so we doubled it so it would be a lot more it would be easier for students to get in now and it's right sharing so it's on the way it's still on that route as it goes it's like going towards that route so it would be a technical stop the route is a stop at all times you just kind of go up to that route and you just order it from there and to finally touch up on what they said we chose public transportation because the system really works I mean it's been out for years now and it's efficient it's just people don't want to use it there's a certain stigma with public transportation oh I gotta take New Jersey Transit Bus to school no thanks it's always congested so we wanted to do public transportation because it works the system theoretically would work and to finally touch up on what they said is that we're trying to think ahead of the current to eliminate these these issues that could happen is what we're trying to say so we weren't trying to eliminate any other forms of transportation we're not trying to eliminate people taking New Jersey Transit or taking their car and parking but we're trying to leave the congestion that we're trying to leave parking because during the prime time of the day during college hours I mean it's packed at Cain there's nowhere to park you can't park anywhere there's like five cars going Mario Kart in the parking lot that's true of any university it's really hard to find parking any other forms of transportation we're just trying to add another layer to it and maybe improve the other forms of it as well so one other thing it's a sort of design detail but it's an important detail you have to think about accessibility if you show a bus that's got a bunch of steps getting up into it it's gonna be a problem it's a problem that as an architect you struggle with all the time you always have to be thinking about that when I was designing the car I was thinking about that as well because I took architecture I was thinking that he even has it right here highlighted I was thinking that ramps could just come out come out of the silver and they could just board it I guess for the bus might be the floor it's definitely a problem that can be solved it's a minor detail but it's the sort of thing that will jump out do you have a question? yeah it was just kind of a suggestion I like the direction you're taking with your app and I think there's something interesting about how you can enter an student ID and how it's a little bit of optimizing student transportation and that it could somehow potentially sync with a class schedule so the app could know exactly where to be or a calendar for instance then direct you to certain points of transportation and it'll constantly be updated so you don't have to worry about finding a way home and there's more security this is version 1 we have thought about that though because in terms of when it comes to traffic you still might get late so we were thinking well if the bus for some reason the professors know well these students are in this bus but they're coming late based on what's happening there might be a traffic jam or something so that's something that we did were thinking about implementing but as it being v1 we didn't want to stretch it too far but yeah really interesting project for your graphics they really helped explain the bus I think one thing that could help your presentation you're just thinking about it in the future is some of these issues that you're talking about like capacity, how many people come in what do they use now some kind of visualization of that because I don't have a sense of how many people to ride the bus in now of the proportion of people commuting to this bus for the bus is what 32 on an average day on an average day on an average day at King University 100 people come from the bus but 3000 people come to King do you know what I mean or something like that so we have up to 3000 people that come to King every day 2 thirds of them are driving we want to take the drivers off the road somehow to help us frame the problem because I guess I'm not sure is a bus isn't there a bus already? I like your bus but I guess what I'm saying is like how do you how do you sell me on your bus versus the bus that exists already so I want you to sell me on it and I say oh this bus is going to be better is it going to reduce this many cars coming in or people shift something else that could be fun if you guys are still pursuing it is like think about could you have some kind of crowdsourcing app that because why do people choose to take a bus or drive their car they like to drive their car because it's their own car they can get home there's like what kind of behavior change would allow them to move to a bus and it could be interesting to like do you could have some kind of social media push to try to get people's opinion like what would make you ride the bus and you could have options so it's like a short survey of what their opinion would be of the bus like because earlier we did mention that the bus is only exclusive to the members of the campus and they do your ID or putting your schedules on to show the proof that you are attending but that could be something that we try to put into it because you still want to have this bus it's going to cost money and so like how do you know that you're going to get riders on your bus right so you want to make your bus design something that they want to be so I like the desk that's great that's great but it'd be interesting to actually survey students to say like what would make me ride the bus like maybe they say like oh they want to have wifi or they want to have other kind you know something else that the bus might do for them that would make them switch from their car to the bus to the touch up on that it's quite funny because in the research and the ideation place we actually talked about making you can rate your ride and you can add recommendations but that kind of got lost in the flow process but when you brought that up it kind of you know oh we thought about that but it kind of got lost in the whole process yeah it definitely took that into consideration I mean you could think about too like how do you advertise it continue right because something that we always think about we make something new in technology people are we build it and people will just come we forget that we have to actually commit stuff that they want this thing so like why do they want this is the desk going to be enough or does it need to be wifi and desks or chargers, wireless chargers chargers, yeah your RSS free energy or like something like the amount of rides that you get you get some kind of bonus at the cafeteria I don't know you know like there's a coffee bar there's a coffee bar there's chocolate on the bus I'm really hungry I have to cough but those kinds of things would be I mean I think like thinking about also like branding it right because it's a blue bus now I was thinking about blue bus and you have a blue car well we did it based on colorway of our school but of course we don't use just a brand on it or the seal on it or something but you could imagine if like you had a name for the blue bus like like that's fun people you know I don't know that might be like like a ring the chocolate I don't know chocolate sorry to wrap up too let's make sure we have time for this thank you everyone I'm advocating for kittens in the bus because that will get me on that bus in a hot minute so we have our final presentation the air chair and he's coming from Arizona State University so let's welcome Paul to the stage good afternoon I'm Paul Haus and I'm from Arizona State University and what's going on sorry for the technical difficulties I'm from Arizona State University and shout out to Arizona State redesign school initiative go to redesign.school to see more so today I'm going to talk to you about I guess a vision for mobility and a new way to address mobility specifically in commercial air travel my product is the air chair so I'll start with the issue that I looked into I looked first at the elder population in the US and how it's growing and how the the the sorry how the elder population has increased in the US and how the rate at which they travel has also increased also I looked at how many I also looked at the rate at which they have ambulatory needs so as people get older they tend to have more problems with motor skills or limited strength and because of that along with these other things we can see that as the air traveling population gets older they'll need more assistance so that's where I started my research I also looked at different wheelchairs in the airport that are used and I just identified some issues and I'll get into that later so here's the stats I went into already just showing the increasing elder population I also talked about the frequency of travel this is just the most recent data you can see that most elderly people travel once or twice a year and in addition to those stats 6.1 people need different assistive devices to get around and 1.7 million people need a scooter or a wheelchair to get around so in addition to elders who could use this more general public could use it as well if we address some issues I went into the predator analysis the first two are the ones that are most used in airports and these are pushed around by airport employees and they start with this one that follows up the first one on the top left and that one is used with usually a large pole attester so people can't fold it up and take it home with them and then the second one is just a more robust and durable one but it has some issues as well down below those two there's the thinner boarding chairs and that's used for people who can't get to their seat on the airplane lots of times people will be pushed to the airplane and they can make it down the aisle because it's short enough in some cases they need to be brought to the chair like in these devices and there's some more expensive ones that most people won't invest in if they're just traveling once or twice a year I then went to just mind map my ideas just get some things out on paper make sure I'm not missing any points and I guess I looked mostly at obstacles physical challenges people have and then just technology to include and then because of air travel there will be some regulations and legal stuff that I have to make sure to cover in addition to the background research I did interviews I got permission from a few airlines to interview their employees and walk with them and the travelers for their permission and I got to interview them to see their experiences and I wasn't able to go through security but I was able to go up to security where the line starts and the four main pain points that I found were falling injury so a lot of people when they're getting into the chair they kind of fall back into it and they send their gravity is thrown out so it's kind of dangerous same with getting out of the chair those brakes on the chair don't always work and they kind of slide around sometimes there's also embarrassment of having to rely on a stranger to push you around and that's kind of awkward for some people I don't really like it and clothing articles and bag straps also get caught in the spokes and that can also be a hazard and then back pain because the soft fabric backs on the chairs over time they kind of loosen up and they don't provide a little to non-support and then in addition to that I wanted to go further and delve deeper into this research and I decided to get a ticket from Phoenix to LA and wrap my foot in a cast and go undercover as a person with ambulatory needs and I'm glad I did this because I found some crucial discoveries that I wouldn't have found otherwise that security is actually a lot faster I thought it would be kind of like a hazard and something that would take a lot of time where you guys should get pushed right up to the front get let in the side door and they patch you down around your way and then the longest part was actually waiting for the people on the plane ahead of you to deplane then the flight attendants could bring your assistive stuff to you so in my case it was the crutches and then I had to crutch off the plane and get to the next wheelchair but that took the longest time and then also just did some measurements as well so once I collected all my data I kind of thought of the first thing was a motorized device so that way you could be independent you wouldn't have to rely on someone else I looked at Segway technology because that's a refined technology I've seen some chairs or some sitting devices that use that for stability and I thought that would be a good place to start I looked at different chairs that would allow you to go from a standing position to a sitting position adding wheels to that I've looked at different orientations of how to move around I also looked at a shell design which would kind of like house all the components kind of keep you isolated from the internals and I ended on this saddle or straddling seat design where I thought this would address the falling issue because instead of having to fall back into a seat you just kind of squat down and then your center of gravity is below you the whole time and going from there to the proof of concept rough model and just to show that this idea could work and from there I kind of refined it with a hubless wheel design and that would kind of isolate the moving parts and actually eliminate spokes altogether which would be helpful so with the waifu model I just kind of figured out sizing with this and figured out some of the key features specifically how it would fold up because I thought if I had it fold up it could be able to fold under this and fit under your plane seat and then you'd have it right there when you're ready to go at the end of the flight here's the final concept and I'll get going to features now so I used aluminum instead of steel because of the strength to weight ratio I thought that that would be good for I thought that using plates of aluminum and screwing it together would be good because it would avoid the complications of aluminum welding and hard back support that could be further developed to have some kind of cushioning but I thought that would just be the best way to support the back and talked about independence and the use of gyroscopes then this is just a simplified exploded view of the public's wheel just to show that all the parts are actually inside and you're not exposed to the moving parts and that's eliminates the problem of getting stuff caught in the wheels and stuff so then the next thing is how to activate it I wanted it to be motorized activation in case you had limited strength so I decided it would be a push button so you'd need an intentional push to expand it with two fingers to collapse it and then I just made a short animation to kind of explain that a little bit further so that we can fit under the seat and the diameter of the folded device is just under 17 inches which is a little shorter than an average seat height but if you add the seat on top then it would be actually taller than an average seat height so then that goes to you can sit on it and ride it down the plane out and it actually fits down the plane out, it's thin enough and then I wanted to do product development I can, I'll just kind of skip through this and longest parts are engineering and designing and prototyping and this could actually be extended a lot longer if it's product testing and regulations that have to be met and stuff and then the last thing is just production and then shipping from Hong Kong to Long Beach and then product release and then for future direction I'd want to go in I guess this is a simplified just touch screen so you can update it in the future but I'd like to look at what's the best controls for people with ambulatory needs to interact with so I'd further develop that part and then way down the line it could be autonomous and it could be something that you scan your ticket it knows your settings and then it'll take you right to your plane seat and then it's just a lot easier and thank you take your questions out I like how you thought about the whole user journey my mom started to need a wheelchair when she flies and so I know, especially around kind of the social factors that come about with kind of feeling embarrassed and having to wait around for somebody to put in and push you to the gate those are definitely issues that she's thrown out I think it would be interesting for you to explore where these things are what the transition point is like from arriving at the airport to kind of matching yourself up to one of your chairs and then going all the way to your seat would be kind of interesting I would imagine there's a much better experience in the luggage cart sort of racks that you see in all airports how could you make that sort of less stressful kind of smooth transition to actually get into one of the chairs yeah, nice work you can tell you put a lot of thought into the actual product design and industrial design work yeah, great presentation and very nice design work I like very much at the beginning thinking at the at the cost of the what's out there now, what exists do you have any sense of what the cost of this would be or a target for what you're you know, where you'd like it to be I guess the motors in gearbox I guess would be the most expensive thing in there that's like around $300 a motor and then I mean in bulk it would go down maybe the next thing would be the aluminum because it's just a nicer alloy of it other than that I was thinking that it would be bought and bulked by the airlines so a certain airline could buy this and then kind of do the airlines the airlines that own them now or the airports they're kind of like by by airline so they'll have their own colors I'm not actually sure who owns them but I know each airline has their fleet of them I think it would be interesting you identified a very specific problem that's got a growing market but it's still a fairly narrow market and I wonder now that you've come up with this design could you expand that market are there other situations where this would provide a set of solutions that in other instances it's not just trying to get through an airport and into your airplane I could imagine that there might be other situations where having something that's kind of collapsible and user friendly like this would be very advantageous just as you think about it as a product I think you should explore what those other markets might be yeah it's literally it feels like it's an amazing product for maybe some other markets as well I guess one thing that I'm also thinking have any experience of elderly parents that need the wheelchair they tend to have be really unstable right like my father like has a really hard time just getting into the wheelchair and so one thing that I'm thinking about with these is I'm wondering about that kind of stability for an elderly person and then it made me think okay well that's where I was thinking about the other markets because this seems really great for somebody who might have a disability like their leg or arm or other kinds of things that might make it hurt but I'm wondering about the stability of an elderly person who has different kinds of issues like that wouldn't be able to keep himself upright if it wasn't for the back of a chair that kind of hugs you it might be interesting to think about some of that I mean perhaps you did think of that I did I wasn't sure how to incorporate that part into it so I thought maybe in like a future model you can kind of go that route yeah like you could do some user testing with this and see what like exactly maybe like it needs an arm thing or something like that yeah something like that just shine with that that's actually a good point you can probably instead of like instead of like getting into it and against the attachments somebody would just care about separately because I'm looking at the back of the chair and also you can just slip on a stabilizer for like that hug around or just like extend out so the person can like rest against it so let me say a little bit dead to like store away just pull this up and put it inside the bag or how you had it like slip have it have the back slip inside the chair you just slip into it just make the chair part a little bit thicker and there is some space like in the opening that could come out of the ground in the middle and I'll just slip on and for that I study so like I understand so when you choose a movement for this for that you can just do a aluminum alloy which is just strong enough you can actually stand in the movement more than alloy the way it is so that attachment is for the ones right there that's the choice for that or you just go with states too but I do want to come in on your thoughtful presentation provided us with statistics of why this is important like why is this product going to be more and more important a more and more aging population and I think that's really helpful I had some more so I just forgot I got nervous what? I got nervous at the beginning and kind of forgot some of this stuff I saw it on your screen it was good it was nice to have that framework and again if the airlines are your ultimately they're the ones you're going to be buying this convince them that this means that more elderly people will fly they're going to get more customers because they have this and they will do better than their competitors because they're the ones that have this as opposed to a sort of standard solution I could totally see that making the difference for an elderly person about deciding to fly somewhere or not or deciding what airline to take so I think it's it could really sell itself in that way one other design consideration would be to think about bags obviously people can check bags but they like to have some kind of hand luggage with them and how would that get carried where would that go I guess like the quick thing I was thinking of something would go across the middle stick it in the middle if that makes sense I was thinking that like I guess like maybe elderly people right now might not be so familiar with newer technologies but I feel like the group that's kind of going into that area into that range will kind of be more familiar with stuff like this in this technology so I think like the autonomous part of it is going to be important because I'm also just thinking like we use that service a lot for my father because dementia but if we knew that you know like you code it and it goes to the gate and like some of this forgetfulness that he has from the gate to the you know can be I think that seems like a real advantage in terms of safety or feeling safe to have your elderly parents right on that and I was thinking also like if you get like kind of fitted for one once when you scan your ticket the next time you kind of adjust to your settings like car seats oh that's interesting you know like a scan kind of like Hubsia it says reassuring things all the way okay excellent well thank you everyone I want to thank Ryan Jack and Rookie and Sarah who really hustled to get here and of course all of you all the students who presented you know congratulations to be selected as part of this exhibition is amazing and to I think Emmanuel mentioned it to be exhibiting in a Smithsonian and having that experience is just fantastic for a young designer so we're very excited to have been part of that with you and I truly hope and I think I think I've already saw that today part of this is also not just hearing from our wonderful panel of experts is learning from each other I think we learned about everyone's design process presentation style and narrative that you kind of take the opportunity to learn from your peers today who presented I mentioned earlier when we were on that tour that we have a National Design Award so I fully expect in the next decade or actually we have an emerging designer award that one of you will be winners or selected to be a winner in one of the National Design Award category and then in your future so we look forward to you joining the panel tonight and I want to invite you to continue staying connected with Cooper Hewitt beyond your visit today so thank you everyone and for coming and we have we'll want to stay for maybe a group shot with everyone and then we have some light dinner in the back to get us kind of re-energize and stretch out before we start the panel this evening so thank you again everyone