 लेए जीव का सास देगागागे के पीटी पारटीत से ईएagonononononononon Today we are going to learn the example number 4 of the factor analysis using software. Using software means you may SPSS, we basically example 4 ko SPSS solve karenge. Aur bhi, solve weird hai, SAS hai, SAS se bhi aap isko solve kar sakta factor analysis. Ab hum ne factor analysis, nomadikali chek kalia, one factor solution hum ne find kia, aur hum main idea hoga ke one factor solution hum manually calculate kar sakte hain. More than one factor solution kar nahin, to hum kisi software se uska factor analysis kar sakte hain easily. To hum example number 4 ko aaj SPSS me solve kar ke dek karenge, ke kise factor analysis hum ne use kar nahin. The example is this, suppose karenge, kyunke data aap ke pas isna hain, ki hum ne usko supposition ki bhi hain. Suppose a psychologist wants to examine the underlying factor that explains the variation in score on a depression survey. Psychologist ne kya kar nahin, depression survey besikali huma rahe paas variable kya hain, depression. Depression ke upar wo koi survey karna chor hain. Us survey ke liye usne factors detalmin karne hain, ki this survey same depression ke konse factors detalmin ho rahe hain. The question consist of, the survey consist of 10 questions. Similarly hum ne kya kiya, hum ne ek survey kandaak kiya 10 questions hain, un 10 questions ka hum ek survey kandaak kar hain. And ask about different symptoms of depression. Symptoms of depression ke hum ne question kar nahin. The psychologist collect data from the sample of 200 individuals and conduct a factor analysis. Psychologist ne kya kiya, ki 200 ka sample collect ki hain, un 10 questions ke upar, un 10 questions ke upar 200 ka sample collect ki hain. Then hum ne uske factor analysis ki hain. Pehle toh apko patya ke basics hum, find kar sakte hain, mean, median, mod aur jobi uske descriptive hain, hum easily find kar lehenge, hum graph banal sakte hain. Then graph ke baat, ap usme further analysis kar nahin, hum easily kar sakte hain. But psychologist iss wak factor dekhna chor hain, un 10 questions ki hum kitne factors banal sakte hain. Step number one. Ab basically me apko sir factor analysis pata hain, yaha pe karne ke liye usse previous descriptive hain, wobi easily find hosukti hain. Now the step number one, conduct the factor analysis. The psychologist uses a statistical software package to conduct the factor analysis. Ab usne koi nahi, koi statistical software toh lena hain, usko factor analysis find karne ke liye, toh usne SPSS pe data enter karna. The software output a SCREEPLOT. SCREEPLOT, basically SCREEPLOT apko pata hain, ke how many factors detainment karne hain, ke total 10 questions ne uske kitne apke paas total factors ban sakte hain. Which shows the eigenvalues of each factor. Ab wo jo SCREEPLOT hain, wo between eigenvalues of each factor hain. eigenvalues hum de principal components me bohot detail mein chedi ki hain. Toh eigenvalues ke against hum SCREEPLOT dekhne hain. The eigenvalue represent the amount of variation in the data explained by each factor. Ke eigenvalue apko kya pata hain ki, ke amount of data explained by each factor. Factor one, kitne persen variation explain kar hain. Factor two, kitne persen variation explain kar hain. Toh wo hum eigenvalues ke according dekhne hain. Now SCREEPLOT, abhi jo hain paas data hain, hum ne iski SCREEPLOT ne kaali hain. Aur uske baad hum ek pata chal rahe hain. The SCREEPLOT suggest, the two factor solution would be appropriate. Ti ke SCREEPLOT ne hain me baata diye hain, ke two factor solution ban na hain. Ab wo SCREEPLOT basically apke paas, again eigenvalues hain. Aur wo, yaha pe apke paas the, one, two, three, four, up to so on. Ab SCREEPLOT kya kari hain, yaha pe ap, like apke paas isra ki diagram aur hi hain. Ye, jaha elbow shape aati hain na, elbow shape apke paas aari hain ye, ye cut ban ye na, uske baas saari values constant hoge hi hain, yaha ni wo saara decreasing order me jaar hain. It means ke yaha pe hain me pata chal ge hain, ke two factor solution hoge hain. One to hain maa rapaas hi aari hain, ke hum ne SCREEPLOT se dekhne hain. Second layer hum dekhne hain, eigenvalues ke hain. Jo eigenvalue less than one aur hi hain. Hum waha pe apne solution, factor solution kya lete ke yaha tha hum itne factors detainment karne ge. To first time ne kya kya, SCREEPLOT se dekhne hain. Step number two, interpret the factors. Ab haa maa rapaas factors ban ge hain. Factors hum ne rotation factors pe le liye, kiske according hum factor le re hain. Yaha pe the psychologist uses the orthogonal rotation variants. Apko yaha doke hum ne rotated components pe pade te. To rotated components hum ne dekhne hain aur hum ne use kya kye very mixed ke according. To rotate the factor and make them the easier to interpret. Hum ne ab easily rotation le liye hain, rotation se a maa rapaas two factor solution easily detainment hoon. After rotation, the two factor labeled as this. A first factor. First factor, wo 10 apke pahas basic question thi usmne first factor detainment kya. To 10 question me basically a maa rapaas question kya tha. Feeling sad or down. Loss of interest in activities. Feeling of worth, lessness or guilt. Difficulty concentrating and difficulty sleeping. Ap ye 5 haa maa rapaas variables the basically 10 variables usmne se haa maa rapaas 5 aag hain. Ye 5 variables kisko show ka rahin hain. Yaha ne ab haa maa rapaas ye group aag hain 5 ka. In 5 ko ab hum ne koi na koi name dena. This is the first factor. First factor me haa maa rapaas aag hain aur ye first factor hum kiski aag oins dek hain. Rotated component ke against hum ne dek hain. Rotated component me haa maa usmne rotated component ne haa maa ye 5 factors ka ek 5 variables ka one factor solution diya. Aur iska name ab isk factors ka jo name haa wo basically hum ne khot decide kar na ki in factors ka naam kya hona chahiye that is called the Cognitive Affective Symptoms. Yani iska name hum ne khot rakh hain. In 5 ko dektheve hum ek particular name khot suggest kar hain. To basically aap ke paas kya 10. Ye 5 question hoge. Then second haa maa rapaas abhi to 5 question hain to second haa maa rapaas aur kya question hain question number 6 maybe ya question number 3 ho sakta 4 ho sakta hain ye to aap ke paas detainment hoge me ne 5 factors lekti hain otherwise ye to mix hain un mix me se factors bane hain. Change in aptitude aur weight fatigue or loss of energy psychomotor agitation aur radiation abhi psychomotor agitation aur retardation kya hain basically jo slow speak karne wale slowly sochthein hain aur jo slow hain hain basically unko hain ye factors me kya hain. Suicide thoughts aur action damaged ability to think or concentrate. To haa maa rapaas ye total 10 questions in 10 questions ke 2 factor solution bane hain. Basically factor analysis kya karta reduce karlehta hain hain hain hain hain hain hain previously me aapko explain kya kya factor analysis basically reduction of the variables hain. Ye koi variable miss nahin hain. 10 ke 10 sare variables aap ke paas hain. But un 10 variables ko hain hain hain hain hain 10 variables leke chane to better hain ke wo 10 variables kis me convert hoge 2 factor solution me. So first factor hain hain hain cognitive affective. And second factor physical symptoms. So basically physical system f t kya usko wo slow speak hain weight gain wo raha suicide thoughts hain usko aur usko koi kaam me dil nahin lag raha so that is called the physical symptoms. So aap iss ka name change kar sakte wo neroori nahin ke name ye rahe hain. Haan ne unki characteristics deke ye name khud se decide karna hain. Factor name ye khud se decide karna hain. Kis tina khud se karna hain. So characteristics deke ye ki sare kis site pe jori hain. Third, check the reliability and validity of the factor. Reliability cheke kar na to bohot important hain. Ye aap ka sample size sufficient hain. Reliable hain jo aapne question hain. Question hain file kar vaya usko questions hain aapne cheke kar liye aur aapne ko pilot test kar liye pre-test aapne ki hain. So check the reliability and validity of the factors. So psychologists check the internal consistency, reliability of each factor by calculated cron-back alpha. Reliability kis se aapne cheke kar hain cron-back alpha se. The result indicate the high internal consistency for both factors cognitive. Aap cognitive ka aapne cheke hain to reliability hain aapne 0.85 hain hain. Belkul dike hain. Physical symptoms ki aapne aapne cron-back alpha se. The second physical symptoms ke hain 0.83 dono aap ke pas sufficient hain .7 se abaavor jain to sufficient aap ke paass aar hain. Suggest that the i-terms within each factor� the same construct یезni aap ke paas reliability efficient hain aapne reliability belkul dika hain doke 0.7 se abaavor doke 0.85 hain doce y humaar paas 0.83 aare hain. Overall aapne ka conclusion kar humaar overall उक्र थो सुदब बाहरे और क्ची ज़। संए सब उदैए बाहरी वटॉक अमने वटॉक इंख़ा हैं तो वो बहॉटीए सुथ अगा आप कहाँई घुछ़द्धीत्गा हैंग। अपको पतन नमारिकल यह में सीली कर सकते हैं, देसेसी 2-Factor, 2-Factor Detalment होएं, 10-Variables के अब आपके पास सिंटम सागे एक कोगनेटिप हैं, और दुस्चा आपके पास फिसिकल दिप्रष्यन हैं. अगर कोगनेटिप वालोके यस ताईप की त्रीटमन में लेगी, और फिसिकल वालोको यस ताईप की त्रीटमन में लेगी. तो लगगे लगगे लगगे यसकिलजेस लेगे नालीससिये एक आप आप वो चीुदुर्टिएज्द के अब देसेसी वेरिबाली कर सकता हैं. को हम स्प्प्सस पे चेख कर लतें