 Okay, thank you. I would like to welcome everyone at your session today at CBF 15. I'm Tasfiathasthi and I have prepared this presentation along with my colleague, Hassid Mohamon Irfanullah. We both are from Intersha Center for Climate Change and Development based in Bangladesh. Actually, Bangladesh is a country based in Global South and we are climate vulnerable, but adaptation has always been a key priority for us. And we have been looking for solutions from nature and ecosystem for over past many years. So in today's presentation, we would like to share stories from Bangladesh from last 20 years. And on an intervention called committee based sustainable fisheries resource management. So as you can see from the MAC that Bangladesh is blessed with lots of wetlands and diverse range of wetlands covering 50% of the total area of our country. And these wetlands are contributing to many economic activities such as fisheries and Bangladesh is ranked third in open water fisheries resources. However, these wetlands are losing connection due to sanitation and there are conversion happening due to other development activities. So these are the two major physical problems that our wetlands are currently facing across the country. Other than that, there are destructive fishing practices which lead to over consumption of fishing resources in an unsustainable manner. And in addition to that, local communities have limited rights and restricted access to these resources and which make them more vulnerable and poor. So, to address these societal and other environmental challenges associated with the wetland issues in our country, Bangladesh has been practicing the solution called committee based sustainable fisheries management for over past 20 years. In this solution we are bringing the all the remote wetlands under one management practice which enhances the connectivity of the wetlands. Other than that, government is endorsing the the the permit and zoning modality to to allow the community to harvest the fish in a sustainable manner. And thus, within this governance structure, there is a bottom up like government is ensuring bottom up approach with CBA for CBO formation and capacity building of the communities, which is ensuring communities access to to to these fishing resources from the wetlands. And with the introduction of benefit sharing mechanism within the system, the communities and the committee based organizations are receiving their portion of the benefits out of this intervention. So, as this approach is addressing the human well being in one hand and other hand, the fishing resources benefits. We are calling this intervention as an successful in DS. But let us look into the outcomes also in detail that what are the benefits that we are that we have achieved or outcomes that we have achieved. Starting with the governance benefits. There is multi tire governance structure introduced by implementing in this intervention from the village level. So it is ensuring the bottom up approach. Other than that it is involving all the local, like local regional national level stakeholders. So, so there is involvement of all group of stakeholders, which is, which is managing, like, which is transferring this intervention into a collaborative management system and this whole structure is supported by government policy and legal instruments. Then coming to the social benefits as communities are integral part of this intervention. So there, there is happening like true capacity building and professional training. During this project period. The there, there has been leadership building and empowerment of the local communities and through these leadership and empowerment sense of rights, like ownership of rights and beliefs has been established established within the local community so that they can sustainably harvest the fishing resources within from these wetlands and awareness and other motivational campaigns also generate a sense of belonging among the communities to conserve the wetland resources and and to manage their social groups. Then coming to the economic and socio economic benefits the permit and zoning based fishing modality has increased the in the fish production and these has allowed the other local communities to involve in the fishing in a sustainable manner which is generating employment. Then permit sales revenue also comes to the communities and CEOs for these for for many common community development activities and this is providing local economic benefits, other than that the households are like could avail more fish consumption which is leading to the food security. Lastly, but last but not not the least, let's talk about the environmental benefits that we have received with for this from this intervention. Limits on harmful fishing practices and has been done to voluntary banning of fishing during the peak season peak spawning season and and and there's increase in the fish catch and also the illegal minimizing the illegal harvest resources has has benefited the aquatic life. I think I have one minute left so yes. If this is my last slide. So now talking about the challenges. Though, though this is a good and success case stories, but there are some still there are some in a in adequacy in the policies stage, because the mainstreaming of the good practices in the national government plans and budget allocation is still a challenging thing here, but here in Bangladesh we are graduating from the LDC to the lower middle income status so there is a need to shift, need a shift in mindset to to not be more project or donor given and there should be more allocation or mobilization of national financial resources. Secondly, as community is a is a dynamic system a dynamic setting implementation of nbs and scaling up potential sometimes face challenge due to lack of the due like due to local culture norms behavior practices and local politics because sometimes we cannot follow the exact methodology when we work with the community. And my last point would be that as we are always trying to see or the single result from the bottom top down approach, we really need to understand the social and environmental cost and benefits from committee perspective to gather the evidence to enhance the community resilience. So that's how I would stop my presentation, and I would like to invite you all, if you if you ever would like to see this intervention please come to Bangladesh so I'll stop here Thank you so much. Thank you, Taspia. So now the next case study is presented by Florencia Zapata and myself from the Institute of the mountain in Peru. Flor, you are muted. Thank you. Sorry. Good morning. Good evening, everybody. We are going to present a case of ecosystem based adaptation in the Caribbean and this and nature and cultural based solution for food security. As many of you may know, and the ecosystem are the result of the evolution of societies and their natural environment for more than thousands of years and gender cultures that have been developing outstanding technologies for the management of water, water, soil and genetic resources. These technologies, both ancient and present are expressions of complex system of knowledge developed by and the populations that are very specific solutions to stay in life in this territory of extreme climate and topography. Currently, the use of those technologies could be a great ally for helping mountain communities to adapt to climate change. However, many of them are being abandoned or underutilized due to various social and environmental changes, such as migration, leisure retreat and climate variability. Today, we want to share the case of the mountain ecosystem based adaptation program that was implemented in six countries since 2013 by Instituto de Montaña, IUCN and many allies with the support of Ikifan. In Peru, the project was implemented in Noreadios Cocha Landscape Reserve, which is located in the central Andes of Lima and Hunin. Here you can see the different ecosystem that are present in the area. Here communities have been managing water and grasslands in order to develop intense and grow pastoral food system. Management water was the key to the food system. However, there are traditional technologies that was used to distribute water are facing many challenges. Impacts of climate change such as leisure retreat and water scarcity are already affecting the area and will increase in the following decades. Moreover, in the Andes, the grassland and rental ecosystem on which the livelihoods of most communities depend are threatened not only by climate change but also by other drivers of social and environmental changes. For example, here you can see the community of Miraflores that used to be dedicated mostly to agriculture, however, due to migration of young people that left the community looking for better education and work opportunities and because of the climate change of agricultural market prices and income needs, local small farmers have been moving to livestock raising, which needs less labor force and has been and has better market price. But these also have unintended effects such as degradation of grassland and wetlands, inadequate rotation of livestock because of poor water distribution and weak social organization for the management of water and grasslands. However, here we also found ancient water technologies such as the one you can see here, the Inacacha dams, which are preying as dams more than 800 years ago that currently was not in use because of lack of labor force for maintenance. This technology was used in the past for water storage and bio remediation system. Through the ecosystem based adaptation measure, we rehabilitated the ancient technology and expanded it using green-gray infrastructure. Then a new available grazing area of 165 hectares was catalyzing a process to improve the management of more than 7,000 hectares and also improve the social organization. This EBA measure was designed through three components, green-gray infrastructure through restoration of ancestral and modern infrastructure, recovery of technology for expansion and conservation of wetlands and for community management of native grasslands, strengthening local capacities and knowledge through intercultural dialogue between university researchers and local experts about practices for grass and water management and also institutional community organization strengthening and developing community grass and water management plans. And now my colleague Nicole will continue. Thank you, Nicole. Thank you, Florencia. So we want to present quickly one case study of community-led EBA, which is a truly endogenous designed by the community intervention where we observe four key conditions for self-organizing around the adoption of EBA. First is leadership. We have key leaders that provide vision and motivation. They act as knowledge holders and they link communities together, including through communications channels like the radio. We also saw that the value of water is significant, but water is valued as life, and the community's economy is fully dependent on agriculture as well as community sharing common goals for attaining water security. We also found collective choice rules were in place, including creation of community bylaws, which were modified with participatory community democracy, which is really important to secure such compliance. And we also saw rules and sanctions being in place for participation in EBA activities. Finally, we evidence norms and social capital, and these were key because social norms regulate behavior and they are embedded in Andean culture, which holds strong values and traditions of respect, cooperation and unity, as well as beliefs about respecting nature. We also found social capital that includes trust, rule compliance, reciprocity and connectedness, and it's important to know that both social norms and formal rules play a key role in the adoption of EBA. Finally, you want to share some key messages on the post-COVID recovery. So knowledge and intercultural dialogue is a key component. We know that dialogue between local knowledge and scientific knowledge has to take place, but it has to be moderated by a team that is prepared and trained in participatory methods. There's also a key aspect of local leadership and ownership, including from all stages of the process from the initial assessment to the evaluation from the diagnostic and the design of the solution. Then we have the need for them to be holistic and tailored design of the EBA, which means integrating nature-based solutions to local and regional processes and governance, as well as incorporating ancestral technologies that are being adapted to the current context. Finally, as a key content to resilience of agro-pastoral food systems, we know that water as a key element improves with EBA and this helps secure this type of food system. And in the context of a post-COVID recovery, it's key to know that the cost-benefit analysis that have been demonstrated for EBA do show that they can contribute to improve local economies in this context. With that, we end this presentation and we hand it over to our colleagues, Karen Potvin from IUCN from a case study in Ecuador. Thank you. Hi everyone. Thank you so much for your interest in this session. So I'm going to present to you, let me just put my timer on. So I'm going to present some experiences of ecosystem-based adaptation based on an IKI project that was implemented some years ago in the coastal province of Manabé. So basically this was a project which was implemented jointly with GICET and with the Ministry of Environment of here in Ecuador and with the municipalities and the intervention sites. So firstly I'm going to cover some of the context. So basically the project was implemented in two municipalities and the EBA measures in two parishes. So here we can see what Honorato Vasquez looks like in Santa Ana municipality and this is mainly comprised by an evergreen pre-maintained forest. And in the case of the other site, we were working also in Membridal in the municipality of Jipijapa and this is mainly comprised by a dry forest as you can see here. So besides the very rich ecosystems and the natural heritage in this province and in these two specific sites as well, Manabé is one of the provinces in Ecuador that is characterized by a very rich culture, La Cultura Manavita. So here we can see some of the examples of this. For instance, the oral tradition of tail-telling in Santa Ana and also in the case of Jipijapa, they have a lot of typical dances and they're famous for their toquilla straw hats from Jipijapa. So, however, these ecosystems and the ecosystem services that they provide are actually under strong pressure, mainly because of land use change. We're going to see some of the examples here in this diagram and what are the pressures and what are the climatic hazards. So basically we have overall in these landscapes inadequate agricultural practices. We have processes of deforestation and ecosystem degradation. We have also improvement areas for water management. We have within the farms inadequate management of goats and other animals and overall a lack of a comprehensive farm and landscape planning and also a dependency on agriculture. And actually this livelihood is what is being now affected by climate change impacts. With regards to climate change, now we're looking at a lot of variations within the rain and the drought periods as well. So we have intense and more intense and shorter rainfall periods and we have longer drought periods as well. And with this we have different consequences like for instance processes of soil erosion. We have also landslides in the upper parts. We have flooding in the lower parts of the watershed as well. And overall the climatic risk is the loss of agricultural income, which is the main livelihood due to these extreme weather events related to drought and intense rainfall. So now with our intervention strategy within this project, I would like to mention actually that this was a short project. Now we're going to start a five year project we will actually consolidate and scale up what we built between 2016 and 2018. But basically here we're going to see what was the intervention strategy, right? So we worked on a process of building several of the aspects that we saw from the previous slide and we built a package of EVA measures. So we worked on agro-biodiversity in water sustainable management, in goat and bamboo sustainable management, in ecotourism activities, in establishing also the first steps for a municipal conservation area. And overall this package of EVA measures were focused on a comprehensive farm and landscape management to reduce vulnerability and also secure and strengthen the livelihood. So we're going to see with some photos what these measures look like and what have been some of the outcomes. Within the process we worked with a participatory approach. So we worked with field schools for farmers and exchange visits and farm planning. Within agro-biodiversity we also worked with planting and management of forest and food species and productive systems in diversification, crop association and seed conservation and soil fertility and conservation practices and also in associativity and how we can market better these products as well. And these are some of the photos of the goat and bamboo sustainable management. Within food systems we also worked in one of the sites with these water harvest and optimal irrigation practices. So this was something very important how we can actually harvest the water from the rain and use it for our own food systems. With the water measure we worked also with governance so basically here what the core aspect was working in governance, establishing some conservation agreements and some of the water recharge areas and also doing some improvements on reservoirs and catchment infrastructure. Finally, we have well we have three more components so basically besides the EVA measures we've worked on capacity building with different target groups, teachers, leaders from the communities and technical staff from public institutions, universities and also from NGOs from this province as well. And with the third component we also worked in including the EVA component and NBS overall approaches within the municipal planning, and we also established the first steps in creating a water fund as a technical and financial mechanism to actually scale up these EVA practices within the watershed that actually covers nine municipalities. And finally, with the last component which was communication we also did a diagnosis and we actually used innovative strategies for instance, having soccer matches within the communities, bingo, cycling activities, photo galleries, all of this with an approach of environmental awareness. And finally we gather all of our experiences and lessons learned in our system at the station. So to conclude some of the challenges and lessons learned we have four. Firstly, increasing resilience of communities and in this case also the food systems and overall the livelihoods through nature based solutions depend greatly in social and cultural processes which we have to reinforce it. The meaning of this is not only the working on ecological process but actually the core is working on social and cultural dimension. Secondly, strengthening local governance allowed a culture of inter institutional and community coordination. So this is a favorable environment that we actually need to continue building on and this is a great environment for change. Thirdly, capacity building processes are successful by integrating local scientific multidisciplinary knowledge. And finally, the ECAD and the Mountain Institute and NBSI also mentioned these aspects of knowledge so we have to promote this and replicate. And finally, EVA in planning instruments and public policies are key for sustainable sustainability and for scaling up these approaches. So with that, I wanted to thank you. Sorry that I passed one minute and here's my contact if you have any questions here too to answer them. With this, I would like to also, I will also like to introduce to you a Maria Claudia Valdivia, she's from Practical Action, and we're going to jump again to see a case study in Peru. So go ahead, Maria Claudia. Thank you so much, Karen. Let me just share my screen. Okay, you're seeing my screen now, right? Yes, Maria Claudia. Yeah, okay. Well, thank you. Good day, everybody. I'm Maria Claudia Valdivia, the thematic leader in group business for Practical Action in Latin America. Today, I want to share our experience in growing coffee and resilience to climate change in the Peruvian Amazon. I want to share just a tiny fraction of what I have been able to see and most importantly to learn thanks to the coffee producers in the country northern area. They are the inspiration for me and Practical Action to continue working towards community-based adaptation technologies. They have shown me how this approach is not only useful but necessary towards climate action. Okay, so let's begin. Coffee is a driver for development. It is a primary source of income for over 30% of the Peruvian Amazon population. The production of this crop immensely lead by small producers, which compels 85% of it. So when the pandemic hit and heavily disrupted this change, the impact were favorable then coffee farmer families exposed to the virus, income loss and food insecurity. Something like the filter health no threat before COVID for the coffee farmers. Coffee farmer is severely affected by climate change. In the next 60 years, up to 40% of the coffee area of northeastern Peru could not longer be suitable for this crop. Places like San José de Lourdes district where Neymita Parinango and Wilmer Gonzalez who appear in this photo depend on coffee to make a living. The filter of the farmers that grow up in the consistent they depend on they all rely on the on the adaptation actions we make to improve the livelihoods of the farmers and enhance the regeneration of the lands. The communities working with Practical Action are changing the course and building a fertile future through ecosystem based and community based adaptation. To harness biodiversity and ecosystem services to reduce vulnerability and build community center resilience to climate change Practical Action is, firstly, working with communities with agroecology as a foundation and diversification as the adaptive response. We are working with multi-strate agroforestry and green businesses which have shown they can contribute to tackle the frustration and depletion of biodiversity and some fertility, improve nutrition quality and ensure food security. The diversification I just mentioned includes, for example, banana, yucca, avocado, cocoa, guinea pig production, roasted coffee and rice among other crops and activities to diversify the livelihood something Karen also mentioned in her presentation. So far we have worked in Practical Action with more than 1200 coffee farmers, reducing recent vulnerabilities to climate change effects and encourage the emergence of a 50 women group leading coffee powder initiative and several new youth lead ventures. Secondly, we work producing evidence with both the communities and the environment, interested at heart, but will cater policies to the conservation of natural resources and employment in rural communities. Like, for example, the forestry and wildlife law in which we took part, which promote agroforestry systems as a main technology for coffee production in Peru. This law enable farmers to keep producing coffee in the graded areas, but ensure the technologies they use are sustainable and the recovery of the soil. And certainly, we work ensuring sustainability and replicability through knowledge sharing. Lead farmers and associations are demonstrating they can multiply the chief outcomes of the projects we have implemented. And they disseminate their learning and scaling map the technologies in a farmer to farmer methodology. To this, to this date, we have worked with our 30 farmer leaders who are innovating and sharing within their communities. One of the community members leading this initiative is Jen Kispe and his family who is the one on these photos. He plans to restore the diverse areas around his farm. But he's also very ingenious, interpenned and produces honey, yogurt, a liquor made of coffee, and not exciting brother from his farm sustainable intensification. Jen is a driver to change in his in this community, leading and sharing his knowledge and making it possible to replicate the growth, the good practices he developed. Our goal is to contribute to community like adaptation that the strangest local agriculture for system and economies, making rural population and countries resilient for generations to come to achieve it. We must overcome challenges with the ingenuity and collaboration. At the community level, the challenge is to update this approach, we need to keep building adaptive adaptive capacity within communities to scale what works and innovate and an innovative environment to adapt to climate change. At a national level, we must contribute to the synergy between government programs and initiative related to our forestry and green businesses. There is an able policy framework for our forestry and green businesses, but need to promote integrated system for divisive production that involves sustainable and profitable and in where another way solution enter in the place. At a global level, community based adaptation is to be at the center of our ecosystem based strategies. Climate policy, especially those linked to the NDCs are recipes for success. Ecosystem based adaptation is a proven strategy to maintain or restore natural capital at a community level to ensure global transformation. Still, it needs to be sustainable and maximize its impact and it needs funding to go straight what it most needed the communities and their path towards achieving this goal. So to successfully implement ecosystem based strategies, they must be designed from a community based approach, considering the needs, context and culture of the communities as we have seen in the cases before also looking to strengthen what is already powerful and see and fixing what is not working. A recruiter is the main substance for communities. And if we want to take to talk about climate change, we need to broaden the conversation that are a recruiter and food systems. I want to thank the city organization for creating this page space in which we can connect and bring these stories to light and pre find the struggle and achievement of farmers worldwide and find the answer and desperation that translate in bigger change. Thank you so much. Well, here's my name and my contact in case you need to go broader into what we have developed and a specific project we have implemented in the field. Thank you so much. Thank you, Maria Claudia. So now we will head over to introduce the World Cafe dynamic. Let me share my screen. Okay, so up next we will be breaking out into four different groups. This is the World Cafe dynamic we will have 30 minutes in total for each group discussion. And we will randomly assign participants to these breakout groups. The discussions will center around two key questions, the ones that we presented earlier based and we will collect and respond and reflect on these questions based on these studies and participants experience. And the output of the session will to present key messages in the plenary. Just a few rules on the breakout rooms. In a moment you will be invited to one of these breakout rooms, you will have access to all the controls similar to the meeting and will be able to unmute your microphone. And we kindly kindly ask you to also turn in your video so that we can see and meet who's in the room. Please, if you need any help during this, this time, you can click on the ask for help button in the, in the bottom of the screen. And then you can confirm the, the request of assistant by inviting the host into the room. And the breaker rooms will end automatically after 30 minutes, but we will provide a five minute warning up ahead of time. And of course you can leave leave the breakout group at any time. So with these instructions, I will hand it over to our colleague sugar who will help us to divide into different breakout groups. And we will see you all in these rooms. Hello everyone, welcome back. Now we're having the plenary session where each group will present for about four minutes each to share with everyone the discussions or rich discussions that have been going on in your groups. And we have from each group, we will take turns. So perhaps we can go over to the first group and please read out the question that was discussed. The first question that's individual to your group before sharing the key points. And then please read out the second question, even though we all know it because we've all answered the second question. And from then, we will head over to the takeaway messages. So over to the first group who was in charge of the first question. Okay, I don't know who's presenting. Can you go to the first question, please? Okay, yeah. So I'm going to read the first question. What are key success factors for community led design planning implementation and mbl of nature based solutions for resilient food systems. So first we consider understanding the systems and build strong linkage between actors, you know, agricultural water energy, all of those resources, understanding the diversity of communities. They are not homogeneous and consider this for the design and implementation process because these communities are different and are built are different. They have different interests needs resources and all of that you need to consider when when designing or planning and nbs. They need to have a bottom up approach, need a strong community led involvement at grassroots level. You know to involve the community from the very beginning of the planification it will also make the implementation of the project easier. And it will also help to the sustainability of the project. So we have a robust monitoring, evaluate evaluation and learning systems through the implementation to ensure measuring the benefits and that the communities are getting the benefits. And finally sustainability to ensure ensure a long term process with access to funding from local governments and other institutions or organizations. So we have those five key points. I don't know if the team wants to add something a little bit something something else, or should we just move on to the next. Okay, so, um, yeah, our next question. What, what are critical aspects and or ideas of food, food system resilience to climate change. There's nothing about it of silos but the, as we said the inter linkage in the social ecosystems and across sectors that is needed, diversity of communities and context interventions are not one feet. One feet fits all recipe as we said these are different communities with different interest and resources and complementarity of local and scientific knowledge these traditional and local knowledge all have these approach, you know that nature needs to be better and that we all need to benefit from the service of nature. So, complementarily of local and scientific knowledge and, well, we all have these local and traditional knowledge. So, those were the three key points we have from these questions. Again, I don't know if the team wants to add one more or if we missed one. No, I think it was a, these were the main aspects discussed. Nothing else to add or someone else from the group. Maybe. Maybe I would like to add a final question we didn't have time to answer that resilience looks different after COVID. Okay, yes, thank you. Thank you. Well, that's from from our group, Nicole. In our group, Maria and Amber offered to present the messages. Nicole is going to Yes, next slide. Next slide. Thank you. Okay. Well, we're displaying a past version, I think, but hopefully there's enough information that has still to be edited and made concise. But I'm sure Maria and Amber can put forward a few of the key ideas that at least make sense to them. So over to you. Thank you very much if I can start to get the ball rolling. What was coming out very as being critical is to ensure that even if we have communities like local civil societies who are leading, we should ensure that we involve the communities because at times just because a local NGO is leading doesn't mean that they are involving the community and that they are acknowledging the local indigenous knowledge systems and they are actually taking them into consideration in their in their approaches. And that was also very key that right from the beginning there's also needs to acknowledge the critical role which these are the best adaptation and local knowledge systems play in terms of facilitating resilient food systems. And an example was given for Zimbabwe, most of the local indigenous biodiversity and knowledge systems are going because they are not being documented since culturally these knowledge systems are passed on from generation to generation in an oral kind of tradition. So there's also need for us to bring in mapping of the systems and also to try and identify which key for which particular area. And then there's also the need for an important need for scientific proof. So therefore the scientists also need to be aligned in terms of how can they support and bring in even better clarity and also validate these traditional local systems and also validate the impact of the equal based adaptation systems. So that is also it is also critical that the communities are empowered to recognize the value of their knowledge and also how important that experience which they possess is in terms of ensuring resilient food systems. So it is key that there is an integration of the knowledge systems. Even if it is time consuming, there's also need for us to invest more time in the first phase of understanding these local perspectives and also the local needs and also use participatory processes when we are doing that. So it's important that more than eight months are needed, at least for us to understand so that there's a participatory assessment which is taking place. So most of the development partners and other key players in the sectors, they also lack the humility or the time to listen to communities. They just bring top down approaches and they don't take the time to really listen to what the communities have because within those communities, they also hold solutions which they've been using for centuries and for decades as they adapt and evolve with what is happening currently. So it's important that the humility in that these particular knowledge systems and cultural heritage identities are not lost within the new era which we are living in. So community based efforts also need to be enhanced so that we listen more clearly and we also avoid the top down approach. So I think basically even at policy level, there's need for the policy to acknowledge the importance of these major based solutions and also see how they can build on existing community needs resources and priorities and not on what they think is correct. I'm not sure I'll hand over to my colleague to add on if I've left anything. I think you've covered everything Maria thank you very much and I think that's everything from our group. Maybe next slide Amber you can help us. Absolutely. I'm not going to run in short on time but the from the perspective of our group and taking into account everything that Maria kindly included some of the critical and aspects and ideas that we discussed of regarding food resilience or food system resilience rather to climate change. We had a lot of great examples including from Zimbabwe, including about conserving local knowledge that may be disappearing and obviously you can read more details on the slide. But incorporating sort of ecosystem and degradation and biodiversity loss that traditional and local knowledge. That's where the like key solutions lay and so providing sort of technical support and other sort of, you know, scientific knowledge to support and sort of provide technical backstopping is a critical component of sort of incorporating traditional and local knowledge into ecosystem based adaptation and nature based solution approaches, including, you know marginalized perspectives from women and other sort of different communities. So that can be a really critical component, especially in food systems where a lot of that traditional knowledge and local knowledge is held by women. Thank you Amber. So over to the third group. Thank you very much. We were so much involved in the discussion we could have selected a volunteer president, but I'm requesting that that's where you present our discussion on the highlights and our colleagues, the group members can, can add. This is something. Yes, thank you. Thank you, Dr. Haseeb. Shubu, can you go to the next slide please. So thank you. Basically, we were as as Dr. Haseeb mentioned we were so involved in the discussion that we could not cover the common question so we basically like took a deep dive in the in the governance aspect related question. So what we, in our session we started with talking about the communities that how genuine local participation is really important, not mere consultation to to for any effective nature based solutions and and we talked about that how actual community led solutions are sometimes are often missing because because donors are implementing project. We say that we we take community perspectives or community participation, but, but, but I think this is something we need to take seriously and we can take this message from there. And also we discussed that how we need to truly value the local and traditional knowledge while designing the solutions, not just incorporating it but rather than taking the solutions from the ground. And, and we also discussed that when when local organizations or local governments are basically involved with the communities while implementing any solutions that we are doing in many projects, but sometimes there are shortage of capacity within those local organizations so that is something we need to take into consideration. Also, what we have discussed in our group on the knowledge perspective that okay we go to the ground we take the knowledge from the ground and we always talk about that, incorporating those knowledge in the national level planning but sometimes we need to go to the other way around also that we do the research and we take those action action or things in the ground to implement so that they can, they can solve those problems or solve those challenges. And yes, we have talked about I think the fifth point is also on the communities, like our colleagues from friendship practical action and shared very good examples on on on these actual committee and local involvement. We have talked around governance issues and it was very interesting is that we know that government support is very important to deliver the effective in the nbs but oftentimes government support needs to become into form into different forms and those forms are often like prioritization of of any any issues or any agendas, relevant policies and and funding and capacity of the government and sometimes these are missing in in the top down in sorry in the top in the top approach. So, while we also say that these are the needs in the ground. Those are not often be possible to implement or the government does not have the priority to implement all those solutions. So we have captured few other more other information should we can you go to the next slide please. Thank you. So, and interestingly, when we talk about nbs we, we, you know that there are two solutions, so two aspects coming one is human well being and one is biodiversity benefits so we should not always talk about environmental and biodiversity problems we need to focus on the major societal or development related challenges for example health related challenges poverty poverty issues because sometimes those are the things that the community actually need to to empower to to have proper empowerment. And we also discussed about how it is important to measuring the economic environmental and social impact when there is any intervention on the ground because oftentimes we do monitoring and evaluation, but, but, but all these detail aspects are sometimes missing and the practical action has shared like like some examples and work they're doing, they're doing here in this aspect. And lastly we talked about like we touched upon the gender issue and while gender we got two things one on the challenge speed. Like though we are involving the communities in implementing the solution, but but due to cultural and other beliefs, it is a challenge. And we finally we discussed that gender lens in implementing and monitoring is very important. I'll stop here because we could not cover the next one. If anyone has anything to add. Please feel free to add something. Thank you so we might move on to the fourth group now over to Chris or to the volunteer. I'd like to invite Janet Edmund to come in if we can go to the next slide so she can see it. Thank you guys very much for this great discussion I think a lot of what we discussed in our group has been already captured in the conversation. Our question you can see is how do nature based solutions contribute to economic recovery. And I think maybe one thing that hasn't necessarily been mentioned is really to have the evidence of the different types of nature based solutions that work and have worked, and then to ground them very practically in the communities and the local context. We did hear a lot already about the gender lens and being very important, critical to look at that as well as youth, I think which was very much brought out in the earlier presentations. And I think when you go on to the next question we were looking at what are the critical aspects for food systems and ecosystem based adaptation and we had some really good points about the need to diversify for crops and income in order to be able to meet local needs, and then also supply chain, and looking at those opportunities to tap into where the needs are to, you know, adapt the products and services, and, and then really look at supply chain logistics in terms of web based opportunities. So, if anyone else wants to add, please go ahead, but it was quite a, quite a pleasure to be working in this group and hear all of this great knowledge. Thanks. Yeah, I think what we were talking about a lot was context. It's very difficult to make meaningful suggestions on responses, but, but if you do work, strong work between communities and development agencies in a context, you can, you, it's a win win nature based solutions actually are a win win, because it's diverse. It's working with the assets people have. And COVID has brought markets closer, although there are some immediate impacts which we people are really, really struggling with so I think there is this gap with how you cope with the immediate livelihood needs, and then maybe what can build back better using nature based solutions in the long term. But yeah, it was an interesting discussion. And I think generally positive, but the big one takeaway is we need the evidence to get people to invest and support in this. Thank you, Chris. And thank you, Janet. Those are excellent points. And now we're going to hand it over to our colleague Hannah Reid from IED. She will share with us our key takeaway messages from today's session. And then we will go over to take a group picture to end the meeting. Thanks, Nicole. It's been a great session and I'm privileged to be able to provide some last minute reflections on some of the things that we've heard, and also my experience in the field I've worked in nature based solutions for 20 years. So I want to tell you a little bit about a project that I led by IED, IUCN and UNEP, WCMC looking at whether nature based solutions to climate change adaptation are effective. So that's the same as EVA, ecosystem based adaptation. We looked at 13 case study sites, and we found that ecosystem based adaptation was effective. And one of the key lessons that we learned was that stakeholders and we interviewed hundreds of stakeholders in all our case studies. Stakeholders routinely and very clearly articulated that participatory processes and valuing indigenous and local knowledge was a major contributor to building adaptive capacity. That was a key component to project success. And I think we're hearing this from the case studies that we've heard today really strongly articulating this. One thing I want to mention is what do we mean by participation. And some of you have raised this important point already. Participation is defined in different ways by different people. There are challenges from self mobilization where people take initiatives independently of external institutions. Then it goes down to interactive approaches where people participate in joint analysis. And it might include things like the farmer to farmer sharing and the field schools that we learned about in Ecuador and Peru earlier. Then it goes down to consultation where external professionals define the problem, define the solution, and maybe they get some local input. And then at the bottom end of the scale of participation is information giving or passive approaches where people may or may not provide any inputs, and they're basically told what's going to happen to them. What we mean by participation is really important. And I think we've seen a lot of the case studies say articulating great strong participation. In my study, we also had examples in China and Peru different from the Peru examples you heard earlier, which were close to the self mobilization end of the spectrum. Activities were largely community led. So at the Andean Potato Park in Peru, Andean cultural values and identity built high levels of agro biodiversity and resilient ecosystems. And in China's stone village, they have a thousand year old irrigation system, which lessened the impacts of climate change, particularly drought. On the other end of the spectrum, we had a study in Bangladesh, again, different from the one that you heard earlier, which was really community based. So the one in Bangladesh was a was a top down government program to conserve the hillshed fish. And it was largely top down. And it was interesting but stakeholders that we interviewed at that case study, some of them said it would have really benefited and been stronger if there had been more community involvement. And communities were, you know, largely passive recipients of the project and they could have been integrated more to make it more successful. So that's one question what do we mean by participation. The other thing we found from our broader study was just the huge range of indigenous knowledge and local knowledge that was used. Knowledge relating to conservation, farming methods, soil and water conservation, forest protection. I mean, it just went on and on, it was brilliant. And I think the case studies that you've seen here really demonstrate that the breadth of local and indigenous knowledge that can be integrated into nature based solutions to climate change adaptation planning. I was particularly struck by the, the, the water management technologies in Peru shared by Florencia. So, we know that adopting participatory processes and valuing indigenous and local knowledge is really a core part of nature based solutions to adaptation. But I want to leave you with one key challenge. The key challenge for me is how do we do this at scale. Community led approaches are by their very nature, local. What we need to do is somehow integrate them into activities that operate at the county, national or regional level because climate change is a global problem. It's not just going to affect the local level. We need activities and responses at scale. And for my study, we had one great example from Kenya, where the adaptation consortium and Kenya's drought management authority integrated local walled ward level climate change planning committees to ensure that pastoralism was sustainable in times of drought into county level climate change fund legislation planning and management structures. So we need to find more ways to do this to integrate these local responses into broader scale responses. And we saw that from the example that Tasvia shared up shared on on how collaborative management was embedded into wider government policymaking and legal instruments, and also Maria Claudia who described the law in Peru that was supporting community based coffee production. So both very interesting to me. If you want to learn more about the global study on EBA effectiveness that I've described you can find that on the ID website. It's called is ecosystem based adaptation effective. And I'd now like to just thank everybody for a fantastic session and pass back to Nicole for some closing comments. Thank you. Thank you so much Hannah for those excellent comments that are just bringing all this discussed today all the knowledge all the experiences shared into one concrete message and I'm sure we will continue to hear more from each other in the coming weeks days we're now colleagues who are put in in touch together to see, you know, just how big this global community on community based adaptation really is. In the meeting we have about two minutes I'm going to ask everyone to turn on their video camera so we can take a group picture of everyone participating today. So I'll give it a few seconds we have I think two, two big pages here so I'll do my best to do a screenshot. See, do we have a few more. We need several screenshots won't you you'll have to do a screenshot three or four times so far we have to pages filled okay so I'm going to go ahead and take the first one so everyone please smile. Okay, next, next one. Now again. Okay, well, thank you so much for turning on your cameras for that. And now just it's up to me to give some farewell remarks. And let me just share this screen. We have all the organizing organizations today. Practical Action, GI said, I cut I use the end of the mountain and NBSI nature based solutions initiative from Oxford University. We want to thank you for participating today and being part of this excellent dialogue. A few takeaway messages or next steps is that we will be sharing the notes from the workshop with all the participants. The video recording will be made available. And if you do have any email questions sorry any questions please email them to the workshop moderators we some of us shared our emails during the case study presentations. Yeah, we're very eager to hear more from you and thank you so much for your time today. With that, just say goodbye and have a great rest of the week. Thank you everyone. Thank you.