 introduction of the participant which is just happened. And we will have the overview of the course, we will break for T and then we will have one very important session on what is the importance of post production in e-learning. So, why do we do all these things, what is the main reason behind doing this is the basic point what I am going to talk about. Some time back when I started learning one of the teachers had told me a very beautiful way of understanding things, what do I mean by that is famous theory called phi w and one h. What is interesting about this theory that if you apply this to any issue you will get complete answer to the problem. Why I am saying that is because of the way it is woven around. So, what are those phi w's? So, let us go by the presentation now. So, the first w is y. So, why do we do post production in e-learning? Is there a requirement of post production to be done? Why do we do a post production? So, any vague ideas about why do we do post production? If there was no post production for example, then what could have been gone wrong? Is there any idea people can come out with? You all agree that we do post production. We used to at one time we used to only do production and we used to just beam whatever was coming out. So, I remember the days of Dhulbharshan where the titles were written by hand by some painter Babu and then they used to just put it in front of the camera and even the from one title to another title they will drop one paper and then they will lift another paper and you can see all that. You can see even hands coming in between. So, these kind of things used to happen. So, then from that point onwards till today where we have heavily dependent on post production, why do we require post production? So, that is one of the points. So, we are going in a way that we will approach the problem slowly. Second is what is post production? So, what is the definition of post production? What is exactly what we call as post production? Is it editing? Is it special effects? Is it authoring? Is it rendering? What is post production? Then when do you do post production? Of course, it has to be done after you do the production, but can we plan it earlier also? That is the question behind. Where do you do post production? Because post production cannot be done in the recording studio. So, it has to be done somewhere else. So, it also requires some hardware software support. The questions are getting bigger and bigger as you can see. So, who does the post production? So, there are different set of people who will do that. And finally, see these are the 5 W's. So, if you apply these 5 W's to any question or any problem, you will come to know the entire theory behind the existence of that. And the final question is how do you do the post production? That is where our course is. That is the reason why we are here. So, we will just analyze these questions one by one. Why do we need post production in e-learning? Basically, if it is e-learning when there is a lecture being given, right now I am talking here, it is being beamed to you and it is being going across also. Now, why do we require post production? Why do we take it on to the capture, edit it and then polish it and send it out? So, one of the reasons why we do it is to reuse. So, we need to reuse it to reach out so that it can go to some more places to archive. So, that we will have a backlog of all this recorded things. So, finally, the end line is to make it better. I have a small video here by Professor Walter Levin. He is a eminent personality in physics and he teaches at MIT which is one of the best engineering institutions. As I told you, he is a professor of physics and we have his courses on YouTube right now. So, we can go and see that. This is a particular example of one particular lecture he was giving out in which he was explaining some theorem and in which there was a equation to be written on the board. He started of writing the equation and as you can see it was recorded live and before it was put up on to the YouTube, post production was done, right. So, the live recording was taken to the post production unit, we did some editing and then it was given to YouTube people. So, what is happened in between is a very interesting thing to see. So, let us just see that. And I am asking you, what is the current that is flowing around? You will laugh at me. You will say that is almost an insult. I wish you had given that problem at the first exam because p equals the current that is going to run divided by. See, you can mark a few things here. First thing, they are using the very bold chalk right now. If you can see, he is not holding the chalk like this. He is holding the chalk like this. So, he is writing it like this. You can see that he is not able to hold it like this because it is a very big chalk. So, he is not holding it like this, right. Secondly, because the chalk is big, the size of the writing is also quite bold. Third thing is that if you notice in most of the foreign universities, they have multiple boards there. They do not have a single line board. So, that you do not have to erase it every time. So, they have multiple boards there. Here you can see there is a board behind the board and on the left side also you can see multiple boards hanging. So, this is a standard process there. And what they have is additionally, they can just roll that board up and it stays there. So, you can have multiple writings also on the wall here. So, that is a very popular thing. This is an interesting thing to see because in India, when we have recordings and I have seen most of the people here going through that problem. The faculty, Ekmar, Likra, and we have two cameras. So, we have put one camera on the white board on the black board and he is writing very small. So, we are not able to zoom in. If we zoom in, then he erases that sometimes. He is covering that area. So, these kind of problems occur. So, this was one of the thing. But apart from that, what I wanted to show you was, now we will come to that. Because here he is writing an equation. The problem that is going to run divided by R1 plus R2. Oh my goodness, what did I do? I forgot. Oh, his law equals IR remember, not I over R. So, R1 plus R2 should go upstairs. And everything that follows is correct. So, you do not have to worry about that. This was just a big slip of the pebble. And so, the current I is tends to be minus 3 amperes. So, here the video is paused now. What had happened was, the story is like this that he gave a lecture in which the video was recorded. At this particular point, he wrote some equation where it is written that I is on top of R1 plus R2. And after he was watching that lecture in editing, he realized that he has done a mistake there. That R1 plus R2 should be on top and the I should be below that. And he realized that that was a mistake. But the rest of the equation after this was correctly done. So, what he did was, they shot another video of him, which was put up here as a picture in picture. And here he says, oh my god, what a mistake I have done. I have forgotten Ohm's law. Ohm's law was supposed to be taught in 7th standard. He said, I have forgotten Ohm's law now. And then I have made this mistake. But do not worry, the rest of the equation is fine. And this is only slip of my pen. So, that is kind of he has added that particular thing at the post production level. Now, that is where I wanted to emphasize that this is the power of post production. That is where it is required to have post production. In ideal course, people could have followed this wrong equation and have done a complete mistake of that equation. So, mathematical calculations could have completely gone. And the editors were completely clueless. He is calling it because faculty has made the mistake. And we have captured it. We cannot erase it there or how to do that because he is also talking along with it. So, we cannot change the audio now. This was a problem. So, this is the solution what we what he has found out. So, I come to the next question of what is the production processing? So, the production process is quite similar to the movie making process. So, most of you have done some filmmaking prior to doing the e-learning filmmaking. So, it is typically comprising of pre production, production and post production which is a standard process. The problem here is that the pre production and production are not in the hands of the filmmaker. So, pre production is the course preparation which is done by the faculty. Production which is the actual delivery of the course is also done by the faculty. It is not in my hands or your hands. And what is in our hand is only the post production. So, that is where we have to find unit and make it better and look. So, we do it by doing all this process like capturing, editing, titling and other things. But there are inputs which are required from the faculty side because we have to constantly remember that we cannot meddle around with the content itself. So, somewhere we like we saw the example, if the equation was wrong then we cannot pass it like that because if the faculty can find out that is the mistake what he himself has done. We have to rectify it in some different way. That is the requirement. When to do that? Definitely after the production before the final authoring is done. That is when we make it public, when we release it. Before that we can do anything what we want to do with that. But once we release it then it is already available for public and then we cannot hide our mistakes. So, where do we do it? So, we do it in studios labs and we require higher end workstations in hardware software, we require special things. Every time we go with a proposal people will say that ok, you need graphic cards. So, you need better RAM. So, this kind of things will be specially required for you guys. So, this is what we will discuss. Then who does it? We all do it. We all meaning we are editors, compositors, effects specialist if required, authoring experts, technical experts. So, how do we do it? So, finally we will come to the course schedule which will explain you that how we are going to do all these things. So, that will be our actually master plan to go ahead in terms of the delivery mechanism. How are we going to do it? So, far whatever we have seen. So, does anybody has any questions or suggestions to add up? Why he did not corrected it there? I mean he came on the camera in the post production. Yeah, it was like 7 days after the lecture was given. Yeah, but that can be edited out. I mean that portion he did not edited and I mean why it was not edited out along with the audio? Along he could have just cut it out and then again recorded. Yeah, because I mean anyway he has done all the post production, PIP and all that So, that is where I what I call is different editing techniques. So, he has made it in a very, very funny way because his nature is like that. Professor Levin is known to be a very, very lively professor. He is not one kind of professor. He will be like always iron face and he will not even smile. He is a very, very lively, if you look at his other lectures you will realize that he will typically make people laugh in the class much more. So, similar way he thought that instead of doing it again as a retake. So, he just took a PIP. So, it is a very funny situation where you see himself showing the back to the board. He is paused at that frame and suddenly you see him facing you and saying, Oh my God, what have I done that things like. So, his script also is very funny. If you listen to it carefully, he has also spoken in a very funny way. The clothes are different. So, it is shot on a different day, different location, different time. So, he deliberately did that. He could have done it separately. That is precisely the point what I am making. So, one particular problem can have multiple solutions. Now, it depends on the post production unit, how to deal with it. So, ideal solution could have been that come with the same uniform, come with the same sweater and the same shirt. In the same classroom, we will put the camera in the same angle and you write it again. But till what point will you go on writing because you have to match it somewhere. So, that may be different and his accent may be different and it will not be looking very smooth at that time. People will make out that this was done later on. Instead of all this Jamela, he just decided that I will skip all that and make it into a funny way and just introduce as a PIP and admit that I made a mistake. That is okay. So, this is the way people have done it. So, there will be multiple ways of doing it and we will look at all the multiple ways actually speaking. So, there could have been a compositing option also. They could have just shown the audience for some time and just shown a different text written there. That was possible. In Photoshop, they could have reversed the thing. It is possible. So, they could have done that, but they deliberately took another route. We will look at all these options also actually. In one of the labs, we will look at this, how to hide it. So, this is specially because, so what he is saying is relevant here because right now what we are recording is also getting on to the cassette. We will be capturing this. We will be capturing this and we will be giving you a chunk of 10 minutes each for a team of 2 or 3. We will decide about that. So, the idea would be to create a logical video out of it. Now, the problem is that there will be a video where I may be congratulating somebody for getting a award. I will be waiving some rules of the game which are not relevant. If I see this lecture again 5 years afterwards to a different audience, it will not make any sense. All these references of YCMO or things like that will not make sense. So, how to edit these portions and still keep the theme going on is a challenge for the editor. So, most of the time our editors find this problem that suddenly the faculty is announcing on Thursday there will be a quiz. Now, that Thursday will not mean anything if I watch it on the Thursday itself. So, how to edit those portions and keep the link intact is sometimes a problem. So, we will try to do this as a lab experiment also here in our course that we will take this video and try to eliminate the unnecessary portions and keep the necessary things. So, that is one more option. So, today we will have this overview of the course and the importance of the course production in a reading and in early e-learning. We will look at some tools and some processes used by people. Like I said after tea we will have presentations by people where they will come back and tell us that what is the kind of system they use. We will have those small presentations for maybe half an hour or something. Then we will split actually for the labs. We will go down and we will try and capture some of this what we have done today. Sajjan who is my colleague and he would be giving that talk tomorrow about encoding techniques. We will have a tea break and immediately after that we will have lab session based on the same theme. Next Saturday when we come here we will have the other side of the story like what Professor Patek was saying and apart from the technology side. So, we will look at the creative side also. So, we will go into some details about the color and graphics which are presented video. What is the role of colors and what is the role of the graphics in a video. We will touch base upon some titling and animation techniques. What are how they are required? How can they be better than what we do? And we will have again a lab session about color graphics and titling. On the Sunday we will have the first session on editing techniques. So, that is where actually we will get into the exact mode of this particular course where we will actually start looking at some editing options and how do we do it and things like that. So, let me tell you frankly we are not here to teach you some soft ways. So, this course is not about teaching premier or avid or anything else. This is about editing. So, it can be even a film editing where you cut the film by hand and sellotape it and things like that. So, that is ok. But editing as a principle is what we will be looking at. We will have a session small session on compositing and special effects because sublogue are very interested in session. But depending on your feedback we will decide how much should we give importance to this area. So, that is one blank area right now. Then we will have again lab sessions on editing and compositing as such. So, on the last Saturday we will have we will start with rendering which is again a very boring area for people because editing cut is fun. So, to avoid all these frustrations what are the shortcuts what are the some principles which you have to remember. So, that your rendering life becomes smooth is one topic. We will also discuss about authoring. So, when you do something when a video is done what kind of media is to be used for that. So, whether you are going to give it on a DVD which is being played on a computer whether it will play on a DVD player or whether it will have a menu or it will not have a menu and all these things will be basically discussed in this area and also publishing. So, because we have couple of people who are doing web based transmissions we have satellite based transmissions and we also have things like YouTube nowadays. So, publishing of the content on a particular medium is also becoming an important aspect. So, let us at least go through that. I thought of adding one more session on graphic design for publishing because what I have seen is when I talk this do not take it personally. What I am meant to say is we all are into that category. Most of you will agree that it has been a very good editing course. Possibly best of the person has given a very good course. We have recorded it. It has been a great edit. We have also done a good titling. Colour scheme has been used very well. Finally, when we have to give it to someone we can cut a CD which is a brand. And on that we can show our calligraphy from our marker pen. How we have written its name. Finally, it happens many times that it only comes to us. Like the doctor's prescription, the doctor can read the medical one. He can read only two people. So, finally, all that effort which is your front end, which is your CD and CD cover. After seeing that effort does not show at all. You cannot even judge how much high quality graphics you have used because of that poor packaging office. So, I thought I will add up to this because I am pretty convinced of the fact that whatever graphics style you use for the film has to be consistent with the publishing and the packaging part also. So, if you see film CDs or DVDs, you will see the poster or the color scheme, the way Gajni is written on the CD cover, it also comes in the film. So, it is not that Gajni is written in the poster and only type in the film. So, it is not never like that because they follow a certain style of designing. And that is very essential because that adds to the branding. So, I wanted to add this also as a small lecture here so that we all will go through one at least assignment and see how we should pay attention to it. It is a very common thing. It is like if you put all the buttons on the shirt, you should not put this button. So, it is like a very common thing if you just tick mark it. But when we do not put it, the problem will be shown. So, to fix that, I thought we will have that also as the one bullet and we will have a lab session based on all these things. We will have the final day where we will announce specific projects for the groups. So, by the time 21 days would be passed and we would be identifying certain groups to create certain assignments. So, that group will consist of maybe possibly like two editors and two designers and two cameraman or something like that and they will be creating some projects. And at the end of the day, we will have the presentation of those projects by different groups. So, let us see how many of them can be formed because we are just going by the list right now and trying to mix and match people so that we give justice to everybody and everybody can participate in that. So, that is the idea. But this would be kind of an experience to share with each other. So, I can... Muji editing my confidence and so give me that or my editing... So, these kind of things are there and that is also on rotational basis where it is not compulsory that you will be doing only that. If time permits, we will also swap things. So, if I am editing in one group, I am titling in the other group, I am doing camera in the third group. So, these kind of things will also expose everybody to everybody. So, it is very important that suppose there is an editing team and they have never handled the camera themselves. So, they just can't point out fingers to cameraman that you have done such a bad camera work so we are editing for a bad budget. So, that is not possible. Similarly for the designers, if they are not sure about what they have to shoot. So, shoot... They should go and see themselves what are the problems there. For example, right now this video is being shot of mine with a background of a world behind and a dark blue color on the other side. So, practically the designer has no control now when he has to put titling. He has to... So, he has to go with the frame what is available and that is where the challenge starts. So, in that sense also we will try and mix match the teams so that everybody gets a chance to interact with each other and towards the end of the day we will have presentations by these groups and after that we will have a validictory function where you all will be receiving your certificates. Now, important part is that everybody has to participate to claim for the certificate there and everybody has to contribute and take away something apart from the certificate back home. So, certificate is incidental because you are physically here you are entitled for a certificate but I would urge that let us claim that certificate by putting in some efforts from our own side so that it becomes enjoyable course for us. So, let us begin the journey and I now formally welcome you all with these words that whatever I wanted to say about this particular course. I am sure you will have lots of suggestions about this course and we will try to accommodate more and more of that. We are very very flexible in arranging the course. It is not hard and fast let me tell you again that whatever schedule and things I have told you is not like cast in stone now. So, it is very very flexible because it is finally that you all and we all have to learn from each other. So, finally if it is that is the goal then we can work towards it. So, we are ok with any suggestions and any kind of participation from you all and we will do that by the end of the course at least if we know everybody by names I will be happier. If everybody knows each other by their work I will be even more happier and if everybody can recognize each other work then I will be the most happy person because that is the point which I wanted to do from this thing. If you can know this person ok this guy is the designer and he has designed for this particular film and I know that is I think the best compliment you can get because for a creative person if the creative person is known by his work that is the best compliment a creative person can get. So, I think with these words I will leave you for now and we will assemble back within half an hour after the tea. Thank you.