 This module explains principle D, justice. Justice is a concept intended to promote fear and equitable treatment to everyone, to all the individuals within the community. The principle state that fairness and justice entails all persons to access to and benefit from contribution of psychology and the equal equality in the process, procedures, and service being conducted by the psychologists. The very principle says that it's very much unethical that we, its basis pay population with discrimination, that let's say someone is vulnerable, someone is handicapped, someone belongs to the women in population, someone belongs to disability, and we do discrimination on that basis. There are different researches. Some experiments were done on the adults who were living in an old-care home, who were at the terminal stages of their life due to different diseases and studied the properties of different drugs on them. This is injustice because we just can't do them because we know that they are going to pass in few days and in few days, we can experiment on their bodies. Similarly, there are many people in prison who have been sentenced to death, there is a long time period for them, there is an allegation and they are under wait for their court hearing and things like that. So we can do any kind of experiments on them. Just like this, experimenting with any other vulnerable population does not come under the principle of justice. Then with regard to the equality and provision of care, some people are not treated with the same degree of respect as according to others. For example, indifference, unfriendliness, lack of concern and rudeness. Sometimes, we are just doing it on this basis as well. That is very much ethical and the main principle. Besides, we feel that some people are getting more benefits but some are not. We cannot see this. We need to be indefinitely given that value to everyone. Rather, one is handicapped, one is not handicapped, one is going through certain medical conditions. One is not being going through certain medical conditions. There is no athlete, there is no non-sports person. But justice will remain the same for its domain, research and everyone. For example, if there is an experiment where we are looking at the running capacity, the justice will be there to make an athlete a partner. Right? But if there is a competition of athletes, the justice will be there to compete with any physically handicapped individual. So they are the different connotation in which justice reflects. Inequality and discrimination may also be based on structural violence, such as racism, sexism and poverty. For instance, in poverty, we see that the vulnerable population below the line of poverty is spending their lives. We cannot see these people just because they are so poor that they will do it for very meager incentive. Right? Some people may need to be treated differently. Justice is about meeting everyone's individual's needs fear. If we are experimenting with a handicapped population and we are giving them special treatment, we are giving them special incentives, then maybe it is justice for us that we have created some kind of ease or ease for them. Psychologists exercise reasonable judgment and take precautions to ensure that their potential biases, the boundaries of their competence and the limitation of their expertise do not lead to the unjustice practice. Let's say sometimes if someone is having a specific kind of problem, maybe a psychologist is having a bleeding disorder. So he is more compassionate towards the patients of telecemia and hemophilia and research on them. He shows a lot of compassion that may falsify or fabricate the very own research of that person. So you know at times we are not seeing that constraint but it is clashing with the principle of justice. For example, the long-term care LTC setting has a community of residents and all of whom living together as staff on a daily basis. If an elderly, old-care, old population can take an example of a caring home where a lot of people are living for a long time and the staff is looking after them, the daily pressure of regularity compliance, process of improvement and attention to clinical outcome. This is very important that if some people are following, some elders are following those systems, whereas some of them are not following them. So maybe due to that some procedural issues and some people are not feeling the distance. But it is very important to see the compliance with that. So the application of justice may be threatened in such situations. So the statement of value for this very important principle says that psychologists value the need of the people and they make a reasonable effort to help them in order to do so they should do three things. Respect of individuals' ability and capability, whatever it is, provide everybody with reasonable care and share and award the discrimination and prejudice. So these three principles make the basis and the guidelines for the ethical principle justice.