 مشاهدين أهلم بكم، أنا ميسون عزم أحييكم من دابوس وأنقل لكم هذه الجلسة الحوارية حول أزمة اللاجئين في العالم أجمع طبعاً الجلسة التداربة اللغة الإنجليزية بحسب تطلب المنظمين المتدارب الإنجليزي العالم يستخدمون الإنجليزيات في العالم أردت أن أردت أجهزة شكراً جميلة لكم في تداربنا في هذه المتحدة بحسب الإنجليزيات وفي الوقت المتدارب أعلم أن أعرف أن الأشخاص في دابوس يتحدثون عن كيف يمكننا أن نعيش أخر 200 أشخاص حتى نحاول أن نتحدث عن كيف يمكننا أن نستطيع أن نعيش كثيراً من قرار الممتدارب للأسفل أو الى المنطقة لإحضار أسفل ببسيدي هذه المنطقة المتدارب تنزل من الأشخاص وأنها لا يحتاج دائماً لأسفل المنطقة والأمرال نحن في الوقت المتدارب لأسفل المنطقة المتدارب The first one is obvious. We all know that this is the worst refugee crisis العالم أيضًا دعنا نتذكر قليلًا ما يحدث لا أعرف لا أعرف ما يحدث في العالم يوجد جزء جزءًا في العالم العالم يوجد جزءًا في العالم بسعيدًا, هذا كان هو السبب الأول كما كانت السبب الثاني يوجد شخصًا لأي أنا مرحباً لأيضاً من برسة وعلى قبل أن أصدقائي كانت مرحباً من بلسطين إلى أصدقائي لبنان لذلك أشعر بأنني أشعر بأنني أصدقائي أو أصدقائي، أعتقد أنه يبقى على أصدقائي أن يكون هناك في داوس يتكلم هذا الأشياء ويدخل فيه ومع المسجد لكل من who has the right to jeopardize the right of the refugee to thrive, flourish or even dream. Let's salute those who were able to make it. نفعني إلى أن أقوم بحملة لتنشجيعهم للثهب والعودة إلى المدرسة واستمرت ثلاث سنوات واصبحت ناشط في مجال التعليم. Look at my hair. Oh my God, you're so adorable. ماما شوكي تباخت شعري. In that case, I'll cut this hair out. هل هذا هي ملوكا؟ They're one of the most beautiful combats in the world. اشتركا لكم جزيلا. I'm Firas, I'm back again with you. Today I have my 7th أقله من الصعامة كما أحب كورسة. We'll put it on, flour, oil, salt, water, and water. Do you see it? Perfect, integration is perfect. هذه التذكر في صورة، سيد رقان ترجيوغلو بسيطة مع التركيس، طاقل المستش وخنبيعه داخل الحصول على الموقع تربيحة تركيس في 1923 وحن now he is the CEO of one of the تركسل، نعم تركسل، واحدة الأنشان الملعونية في تركيا بالتأكيد لأجل نفسنا، عسنا نخيف أن نساعد م. فيلييفر غراندي قام باستعمال للصورة الثالثة في المحبس المحبسي لرابع المواصلينون واتوجدت بسرعة طوال عشدي فهي كانت تصداد since 1950 كمانها سمعتك لليويز موشي كوابو أنتصار العالم الأجهزة والماسيحه للتقرير اهلاً، سارة بانتوليانو مسارع الأكثر من الثانيات والنصف والألان ويدسان بقى الملتصنت ومدينة من الإليه zien بالأسدار أسدستك لكم حتى نعود أمور نظرنا التكنولوجيه ومعاديات معادينا نساعد أمور ونحن لدينا سؤال 15 دلات ولكن now I'd like to start with Mr. Grandi, as you requested. Philip, about two years ago, the state endorsed the New York Declaration on Refugees and Migrants. You thought that this is a milestone unlike others who were skeptical about it a little bit. Could you please brief us about the opportunities that were created by endorsing this declaration? The most important in that declaration was that for the first time, since perhaps the Refugee Convention, 1951, the launch of UNHCR, all states, all member states of the UN, basically today, all states in the world, came together, agreed that something had to be done to address this global phenomenon, agreed that it was a global phenomenon. Not something that could be handled only by a few countries hosting a large number of Refugees or a few countries donating money for that. That the way to go forward was much broader and had to encompass not only government and international institutions but also civil society, academia, development organization and the private sector. So I think it is great that you pulled together this panel that somehow represents all the constituencies. On stage, I don't know about the audience. Can we test the mood in the room and can I ask for a show of hands for those who feel really involved? Was it as an institution or on a personal level in this global compact, as you call it? One, two, three, four, five, six, seven. Not promising or is it promising? Can I just finish saying to say that, of course, this is work in progress. We are testing this approach that involves many other actors in about a dozen countries around the world. How do you test it? Because the procedure itself is a bit difficult to understand. How can you build it and build this partnership with all of these? Maybe it's more clear to give some examples. For example, traditionally refugee responses have been humanitarian in nature. Now we're saying that there is an important development component to it. Because what about education? What about livelihoods? What about the host communities that host the refugees? All these have been neglected for a long time. So we're calling on development institutions and they're responding positively in these countries in which we are rolling out the model. But it is still very much the beginning. We're hoping to... Is it slow the momentum of this global compact? Is it slow, do you think? The momentum has been accelerated. Let's be very, very frank by what you showed in your videos. By the arrivals of people in rich countries. This is what generated the awareness that we have a problem. Because the real problem is not in the rich countries. It's in the countries that have fewer resources. 86% of the refugees that we deal with are in poor or middle income countries. So that's where the problem is. But for the world to realize that there was a problem, it took Syrians to cross the sea. It took many African nationals to unfortunately die in the sea. This is what opened the eyes of the world. That momentum, I think, is still there. But we need to keep it going. It will be a very, very long and complicated process. Let's evaluate it from a Rwandan point of view, especially with the history of the Rwanda genocide. How do you evaluate the international community response these days in comparison to what happened then? Sure. Well, first of all, my country was one of the countries two years ago that were part of the summit on refugees and pledged specific activities. And so we believe in this model, not because it came out of the United Nations General Assembly platform, but because Rwanda is sensitive to the life of a refugee. We were a country that in the 60s was the biggest producer of refugees. We just, now at the end of December, started the end of the status of refugee for Rwanda. We just invoked what is known in international palaces secession clothes. So we are, in a way, a country that is already in the mood for the treatment of refugees that would be different from a purely humanitarian approach. And so we see also the momentum. So you're active, but what about the rest? From the experience of Africa, the countries that we work with, whether it's in our neighborhood, both in East Africa and Central Africa, but also at the level of the African Union where we are quite active, there is visible change. There is sensitivity to the fact that refugees need a normal life like anybody else. And so we've been also sharing within our region some of the practices between Rwanda and Uganda, Kenya. We have a certain understanding which we believe is something we need to spread more that when refugees arrive in a new country, there's already hardship from leaving their home, usually in traumatic circumstances. And a little bit of comfort is not too much for countries to give. So I'm actually from a real experience in dealing with refugee populations. We settled back in 2015 close to 80,000 refugees from Burundi, which is south of Rwanda overnight. They are now part of the communities both in south and eastern Rwanda. We immediately extended our own citizens' healthcare. We immediately asked our districts to allow the refugee children to be in the schools with the other kids in the communities. You're providing technology? We're providing, yes, absolutely. How is it helping? What we see specifically with the young people, the young people in refugee communities are the recipients, they are more accepting of technology, but they also see a future as many young people with technology. So I think there's a lot to say about refugees and why, what has awakened everybody. No, I mentioned technology because Philip was talking about the global compact that is one of the most important that is composed of different sectors including the private sector which is usually seen as not having a human face. So now I'd like to ask Mr. Kahn. Kahn, why do you want to be part of this global compact when you can do it alone? First of all, we talk a lot about technologies and technologies like artificial intelligence, robotics, IoT, mobile networks. When we talk about these, the first thing that comes to our minds are driverless cars, humanless factories. Actually, there is another face of technology. There are groups of people with very special needs. Disabled people, maybe very young people, all elderly. And one of those special groups is refugees who are going through very tough journeys in their lives. That's why we thought we could actually touch the quality of their lives by making sure that the best technologies most advanced technologies are used to create a difference. When from the early days of the conflict in Syria, Turkey probably has been a poem for over 3 million refugees I think 3.5 currently in Turkey probably close to 5 million people passed over Turkey and what we have first noticed was an incredible surge in connectivity needs. The first thing, a refugee asks when they go to a camp, it's not necessarily water or food. It's the password of the Wi-Fi. Because many ignorant people think that those smart phones, they are luxury. They are not for somebody who has left family behind and who has other family members ahead of them. So it's really, we figured out that connectivity and communication was part of the basic area need at that time. We immediately fortified our network in that area because we suddenly had doubled utilization of our capacity but later on we talked to these people. We understood that in their minds there was no home back, it was destroyed and for the next 5-10 years their future was in a different country. This is really interesting and very impressive but my point was to talk about business sector in collaboration with the humanitarian organization. Why would you want to be part of it? Why don't you do it on your own? You're a businessman and you can do all of this and you're gaining more clients. Let's put it this way through your business. Sure, but I think it's important to commit to certain global standards of doing business which everybody understands and values and when you do something in the context of a bigger initiative which can be replicated around the world I think it gives a totally different meaning. That's why we are one of the signatories of global compact and we contribute all aspects of doing responsible and good business and one of those areas is actually utilizing the technologies for the best humanitarian causes and this could be for in this type of situation refugees because their future lives depend on how fast they can learn a language how fast they can get support from the right government institution so that they don't fall into the hands of human traders and things like that. Therefore, I think our duty especially as mobile operators around the world to make sure that we create these type of platforms to make sure that we are there when these type of emergencies happen and I see all around the world that my colleagues in other countries are stepping up to the challenge. Alan, what do you think is needed more when we talk about this collaboration between public and private sector? We started working with humanitarian issues about 17 years ago and I remember the first time that we showed up at the UN and we said it was the earthquake in Afghanistan around 2001 or 2002 and we went to the UN and we said what you need is telecommunications you need to be able to communicate and they thought we were crazy this company from Sweden no thank you and you know from the founding days of Ericsson building on what Khan said we have a saying that our founder coined which is access to communication is a basic human need it doesn't matter if you're a refugee or if you're anyone sitting in the audience it is a fundamental need of humans to be able to communicate so I think what's happening now which is really interesting and if you just look at the theme of this year's World Economic Forum which is the fractured world no one actor UNHCR will never solve this alone a government will never solve this alone any company will never solve this alone but the companies are looking at it different today than they were 15 years ago I think the private sector is saying actually the SDGs gives us a framework here where we can engage and this can become relevant for us so whether you're a telecom like we are whether you're maybe health industry whatever sector you are now you have a new opportunity to engage on these issues but is there a body like a certain body to coordinate between all these these words how do you feel you can all be together in this there isn't a body but I think there is definitely a move towards a greater collaboration in whatever we do in the humanitarian sector and for businesses we are interested to partner with the humanitarian sector the forum is a great convener it is ultimately the international organization for public and private partnerships and it is definitely incentivizing and promoting a number of these collaborations but these are happening at very different levels locally local businesses are very important partners for humanitarian organizations as well as at the corporate level some of the stronger partnerships can be established around innovation and around identifying ways to perhaps address difficult challenges where the competencies of both walls are critical thank you very much we'll take a break مشاهدينة فاصل one more we'll take a break please stay with us 10 seconds only please مشاهدينة ألا بكم welcome dear viewers we are still here in Davos discussing the plight of refugees as we said before we will be conducting this debate in English as old as our history itself every one of us is a migrant in a way or another however the situation reached its peak with the Syrian crisis so let us have a look at the number of refugees in the Middle East I need to go back to you and talk about you felt very relaxed when talking about what's happening now I'd like to quote you you said every conflict is unique one thing I've done with my team has been the word unprecedented every crisis is always defined that way that means that we never look at what we've learned from similar instances in the past it justifies that every approach needs to be unique so we're forever reinventing the wheel reinventing the wheel and to be frank with you this is how I feel whenever we talk about the refugee crisis as if we are talking about a new phenomena why with all the stock of discussion and research that also you covered and did we couldn't find a solution or at least let's say manage it in the proper way there are many reasons for that and lots of them are political you know a lot of these crises have political roots and politicians don't want to find the leadership and the courage to address that but there are always you can comment by the way if you feel offended or you agree do you agree I'm talking actually more about you know our politicians in Europe that define you know what we see the arrivals as a crisis the numbers are miniscule I find it mystifying that for a continent like Europe with the wealth and the expertise and the capacities that we have that we call these refugee crisis when we've had countries that have much bigger challenges you know economically in all sorts of different ways welcoming numbers the dwarf by a very large measure what we're seeing in Europe this will lead me to one point Philippe do you think that the refugee system in Europe needs to be changed because what I see is that they say to the people listen you can come to us we our doors are open if you make it if you survive then you're welcome while if I take my experience for example I lived in the Gulf and basically despite the fact that they don't have this refugee as called in Europe and in other countries we as refugees lived in the Gulf countries without feeling like an outsider I didn't feel like an outsider in Saudi Arabia lately since the Syrian crisis they reunited 500,000 Syrians of course without calling them refugees while in Europe they say refugees and they provided free education free medication and work permit so although they don't have this refugee system still they are more open to have those people and didn't accept as other people said let them stay in the tents the air conditioned tents in Makkah so do you think there is a problem with the system I think there is a problem with parts of the system the system the traditional system of Europe to screen refugees and to receive refugees was good enough for small numbers that made it in the past but with increased mobility which we have seen with the latest crisis the system has collapsed in so many ways it has collapsed as a reception system we have seen it it has collapsed as a shared system Europe is not unanimous Europe has no concept of no more a concept of shared solidarity some states do some states don't and what I think this crisis has revealed is a profound weakness that goes to the point that I think you mentioned which is the weakness of integration clearly the cumbersomeness of the integration process in Europe and its gaps and limitations show very clearly you see many of the people that are not first generation but second third are problematic people why that is a failure of integration that's not just for refugees by the way this is also for economic migrants so I think that there are several things that Europe needs to be to do one is to look again at how it receives people at how it shares this responsibility and how it integrates people and I think that some leaders like Emmanuel Macron in France for example are starting to see this quite clearly and trying to steer action in this direction but well I'm not sure about that because now they're going to enforce more strict laws but there are two big problems one is the politicization of this issue that pushes states always towards restrictive legislation and the other one is this lack of solidarity what what's the what happened in Germany in 2016 in 2015-16 when the chancellor said Syrians are welcome is that what what failed her was not Germany was the solidarity of Europe to share that responsibility so that it all fell on a few countries so these are the issues that really need to be changed in Europe for the future the problem of integration or the issue of integration is really important through one offer to accept and invite 30,000 refugees now right what about integration and does technology play a role in that yes well first of all if I can quickly comment on what Filippo said I think we all global leaders need to pause take a deep breath and look at the problem with the mind to solve it we're not doing that which is why I'm not offended at all I think there is need for more political engagement it's easy sometimes for us politicians to hide behind the word humanitarian but refugees are usually a product of bad politics so we need to face that and if I can be critical of both Europe and Africa and I've said this to our European colleagues in our renewed relationship as continents Europe needs to be patient to take time and to look at the problem of refugees it's not something that will go away with good slogans with calming down the European citizens they need the citizens of Europe need to understand what is going on why people are coming to their countries and what their countries and their leaders should do to first of all stop refugees from coming to Europe but when they come to Europe deal with it on the African side so Europe I think for all of us we need we need seriousness and we need patience and from the multiple engagements I've been in Europeans are always in a hurry you take half a day you come with a ready made outcome document and you look good on TV and you've solved the refugee problem it doesn't work like that on the African side given the many many young African lives lost in the Mediterranean we also as a continent whether we are countries that produce refugees whether we are transit countries we as a continent in this spirit of integrated solutions really need to take our responsibility as well it's something we cannot continue to delay I am hoping that this is a discussion that is needed that is coming up in Africa I mean we volunteered Rwanda volunteered to take in this number of migrants stuck in Libya being sold like cattle simply because we think as human beings it's shocking that this should be happening at this particular time and we are a small country we have limited means but we feel that we can offer better than what is given to these Africans and hopefully the private sector will be also as helpful as needed I'd like to re-mention what Khan said at the beginning when people leave their country their smart phone is not a sign of richness it's the only thing that connects them to the people left behind or the way to communicate with the people in the new country one of the major emphasis of this session is to explore ways in which technology can shape a new approach to the refugee crisis we believe the global village can also make the refugees life a bit more bearable let us watch together about the refugee application change or shift private sector from being just donors into an active contributor in this issue I think the two big opportunities right now with the private sector I mean every company needs to decide for themselves based on what they do how they want to engage some companies engage in philanthropy others work more with solutions we have always looked at it technology solution agenda that's how we look at it we think about how can the technology play a role so I mean you talk about apps there we work with the organization Refunite and have done so for several years just a really simple idea to help people connect and find missing family or loved ones and I think that's a really important service they have close to a million refugees registered on that now but coming at it from the app for me unless you're an app developer is the tip of the iceberg there's a much bigger digital transformation opportunity that the private sector can bring into this discussion and whether that's you know it becomes a buzzword digital transformation but it's actually a very important opportunity where you can look at everything from the beneficiary and the person that you're serving but also these very big organizations in the UN how can they transform their own operations through digital technology and then the whole supply chain leading into it so sometimes I get a bit frustrated we talk about digitalization but it's not an app I mean it's actually what industries are doing today the automobile industry is digitalizing the health sector is digitalizing the humanitarian sector needs to digitalize and I think that's where we think of it more from what's our core business if I was in pharmaceuticals I would think more about the drugs we could bring but telecom and technology so we think more what we can bring as an industry and there are a lot of really important industry initiatives going on around we have a humanitarian connectivity charter that the GSM association has put together we have you know big initiatives within the mobile sector and I think more sectors need to start to think through that value proposition in terms of what they can bring and the benefits because of course the private sector also needs to have a return on investment for if we're going to do really deeper commitments do you have any specific initiative that you can share with us that helped refugees but at the same time generated money so everybody is happy here we proudly serve 1.7 million refugees when we started focusing on this particular issue it was 1.2 and we looked into the specific issues that they need like voice to voice translation was actually a technology that has been categorized as a nice to have for them it's a must have technology and now it has been used more than 10 million times we have actively people trying to learn a new language look for jobs search for proper government support but I think you know it's so the piece I don't understand and maybe because I don't know politics that well maybe I'm not familiar with UN policies but we really try hard not to lose one customer we spend a lot of money to acquire customers as businesses and when I look to this group of individuals I see potential for hard working good tax paying individuals 5 years 7 years out if I was the governments I would really embrace this opportunity these are very important economic building blocks for the future this is really interesting I think this is a key point it's a key point you see I think that I was reflecting listening to the other speakers we are really moving and we are moving we should not say we should move we are moving from a concept of humanitarian assistance which is based on relief especially in the case of refugees to a concept that is based on inclusion so refugees need to be included even if it is a temporary period because maybe they'll go back to their country and what Luis said earlier about refugees being included in national health services in education services what Khan said about basically refugees being included in the services of a business company provided by this business company this is what we need to promote and foster and you see while relief in the world of relief when refugees were closed in refugee camps organizations like mine basically could cope with NGOs and others and governments now it's a broader challenge for which we do need the private sector for which we do need development actors for which we need states to act in a different manner and I go back to your first question about what the Compact is about this is the ambition of the Compact and we hope that we can get some answers for Sara can we find answers through all the research that have been done regarding the obstacles that Philip will just mention and the challenges do we have any solutions in hand I mean the solution to be honest the research all points to the same critical the issue that is the incentives to change we need a mindset shift we need to move beyond doing business as usual and embracing the new reality that we see that puts the refugee as any other person in a crisis at the center of what we do technology allows us to do that the feedback loop with the people that we work with obviously can be more continuous and more direct but that challenges also the way in which Mediterranean organizations are in a step to now what Philip was talking about the relief that we provide it puts Mediterranean organizations in a position of power to determine what this relief is and how it's given and how it's distributed allowing a continuous feedback loop through technology means accepting to be challenged in the ability to decide which also means the ability to set standards perhaps is not necessarily about protecting the humanitarian market share of an organization but it does require organizations to think very differently about the potential that these collaborations offer and how critical it is to really put the people at the center of determining choosing what they want to buy what they want to use and that we provide for too often we decide for them you know in any crisis particularly refugee crisis have been involved in it strikes me that after six months people always ask for the same thing education and jobs those are the two things we will always see what do we give them? tents, food, all sorts of other things that are not the priority for them and we need to accept to shift the way we we're thinking and we need to take a break a short break dear viewers stay with us dear viewers welcome back we are here in Davos discussing the plight and the crisis of refugees we will now open the floor for questions and answers we'll open the floor for questions from your side I believe Mr.Hasbani the deputy prime minister and the health minister in Lebanon would like to know if it is a question or basically is it a comment but if you will please address the person in question thank you very much first of all just to correct a couple of numbers that appeared on the screen in Lebanon we have more than 997,000 refugees from Syria they exceed 1.2-1.3 million well this is the latest number by the way and it was news that it reduced and the reasons they said they killed maybe in prison but the reason that was said is that some of them went back home others died and some of them were part of some let me clarify these are UNHCR numbers but a lot of them are not registered with the UNHCR so the numbers are much larger usually than what is actually officially declared by UNHCR some may have gone back but others are still pouring in and yesterday we had about 20 of them die and they snuck into the illegal routes through the mountains so that's not the issue just a side note however well one thing for sure that we've talked about services but somebody has to pay for these services and the donor community is helping as much as possible through crisis response but we do need to go beyond that and my first question is that how do we avoid donor fatigue in that matter because we see that the second point is somebody has to actually provide those services and either governments or private sector irrespective can provide that our experience in Lebanon we've been providing healthcare services paid for by UNHCR largely we've been providing electricity effectively for free roads infrastructure water etc so basically funding has to come from somewhere and there's host community fatigue I totally subscribed to the point that a new mindset has to emerge one is that host communities need to be invested in to be able to support those services delivered to refugees secondly technology is a great thing to reduce costs which is a tool to reduce costs however somebody still has to fit the bill it doesn't come for free however it helps UNHCR and host communities reduce their costs and I do subscribe to that and we've experimented with this in Lebanon providing remote medicine in primary healthcare centers that treat refugees and citizens alike so the second question is that how do you actually move to start funding and supporting host communities through the same mechanism rather than simply rely on mechanisms like the World Bank and further in debting countries that are receiving refugees to be able to pay the bill because you're a minister I gave you more time but that doesn't mean that we have all the time here except for some people so would you like to answer money money money first of all let me say that I agree with the deputy prime minister of Lebanon our dialogue with Lebanon on these issues has been long intense and very painful because a lot of the lessons learned have been learned in places like Lebanon and Jordan in fact that we have then applied to other countries and I think that in a way I'm packaging the two questions in one reply I think I think that we need to look for different resources humanitarian funding dries up let me tell you I've worked with humanitarian issues more than 30 years and this is the lesson we've learned over and over again humanitarian funding goes away when the crisis inevitably gets displaced by another crisis coming on the screen or on the internet so I think that we need to look at longer term not one year half a year funding for relief items but real investments and that type of funding which is really an investment type funding if you want to call it like this doesn't dry up that quickly is multi-year generates other advantages multiple advantages that last in time much more than humanitarian funding I'm not suggesting that humanitarian funding should stop we've just seen it in the Rohingya crisis in Bangladesh people came with nothing you cannot wait for development to come in with its slower pace but do you have plans but I think that we do have plans you know the World Bank I understand the World Bank funding has some complicated aspect because some of it not all of it especially in lower income countries come in the form of grants but some of it comes in the form of very soft loans but that's a response the bank put aside just recently for countries mostly in Africa $2 billion for refugee affected countries meaning for refugees but also for host communities so I think we're seeing there the beginning of an answer but bilateral development donors will follow suit with their greater ability to mobilize grant funding for both refugees and host another question anybody? sure thank you my name is John GCM with the GSM association so working with the mobile industry globally so I'm very pleased the role mobile is playing on this panel but I was just curious for the panel's thoughts on how digital solutions through companies like con's company can be sort of an ongoing sustainable approach to meeting development needs how much of it can be done by private sector and then how much has to be done through humanitarian support can and Ellen I think I think you know there is a really a critical moment when people start to come into a country and go through certain camps and it needs actually an immediate response because suddenly you have 10 times 100 times capacity needs and I remember in those days we made huge investments in that region which were not planned which were not subsidized by anyone we didn't expect that money to come back but ultimately when you do the right things at the right time people remember that's how you know we had now 1.7 million very loyal customers and I believe that those investments which were maybe seen as is expanded in those days now we see them as jewels of our business and I think you know that was also part of our commitment in global compact saying that you know in these type of situations we will be there with the connectivity need so it was a basic principle which paid us very well but I think you know it's really critical that we actively seek for opportunities to make technology be in the service of humanity and there are so many opportunities not only for refugees for disabled people for elderly people there are so many things we can do together and actually create economies around as well Ellen I want to come back to something that Sara said it's along the same lines as the question and also some of the work Turks are doing but on this concept of skills building really I mean in what Felipe said you pour money into a problem and then comes the next crisis so it has to be some mechanism about rebuilding communities and we have been involved I mean one of the amazing things about mobile technology is today there's 7 billion subscriptions every village will be connected the internet will be there then it doesn't mean everybody can afford it there's still our divides but the basic infrastructure is there so I don't understand why we talk about education if we don't talk about digital education so we're involved in a big project in northern Uganda where you have the south Sudanese crisis and looking at how to skill up people and open internet cafes open internet centers provide education to I mean I'm not commenting on or criticizing any model about whether delivering food or tents or whatever but helping people to gain the confidence to rebuild their life I think and to put that together I think what we need to think about in these types of forms is how do we form the coalitions of the willing actually the parties that don't bring me the people that say oh we can't do that it's so hard it's too complicated we can just get it done I mean you know we're not education specialists but we have technology to bring mobile internet out you have the access in all the countries the governments can provide support the operators can help maybe in the beginning discount the data rates to get the service to work we need people to help measure fund everything so I mean you just put the right people together create this coalition of the willing and I think we can do a lot more than you know complain about the crisis so Fatme my colleague hello I'm Mason's colleague but I couldn't stop myself to ask you Turksel who pays the bill who pays the bill for these technologies at the end of the there's a bill at the end of the month to pay and you guys are making money out of it and technology is the new high it makes a lot of money we're seeing new billionaires coming in every day who pays the bill first of all there are certain expenditure nobody pays the bill you know you have to put the infrastructure put the fiber in you know all the base stations the priorities of the people are as said here it's not necessarily first food it's about communication so from probably their limited budgets they actually pay those bills and they are much better payers than the rest of the community you can count on it so where do they get the money from well this is a phenomenon I think misunderstanding most of the refugees are not there because they don't have money they are there because they are afraid of their lives being at risk at all they sell their cars they sell everything they have they put cash in their pockets they walk and they come into a country for a hope to live a better life so don't think that these are necessarily people not having the money or economic resources means if you look to last quarter of Turkish GDP growth 11% and some of that attributable to those hardworking when given the chance can make a difference so this is not you know money for charity this is real business and making differences in people's lives are you happy for me then we probably need to send you some more customers we have a question we'll take only one question last question sorry but we're running out of time so make it quick please I run refugee night that Elaine referenced earlier helping about a million refugees where they're missing children and siblings parents and so on right now and I'll build on the point of education because education is wonderful I truly believe it's one of the few things that will make a lasting impact but after education comes jobs and this is perhaps a question for the government representative we find that the distance to the online economy is shrinking even some of the worst hit areas across sub-Saharan Africa but many governments now enable refugees to work and make a living so we have large informal economies that are thriving but they're not brought into a position where they can truly capitalize on it why do you think that is and how can we change that and brief please yes well first of all our my own country's policy I think especially in the last few years is that we need to look at this refugee concept differently totally differently these people are here most of them come from neighboring countries it's important for the stability of our region to take care of them so for example when the refugees from Burundi came in and I agree many of them came driving their own cars through the border what did they ask for about 20,000 of them they wanted the government to allow them to waive their fee to register their car which is an unusual request for refugees but it was needed because they arrive in a new country they are allowed to drive for I think 30 days they didn't think they were going to be in Rwanda for a long time so this request came to me and I talked to the migration office and the police and it was granted so when we look at jobs and education we look at it in terms of the communities where the refugees are we don't we no longer separate refugee community and the other people in our districts we look at them all together and we no longer have time Dearplease we leave you with this quick report by UNHCR and the World Economic Forum thank you for watching I will be going to show it short please About 50 refugees لذلك سنستطيع تحديد 40 رفوديين لكي تتحديد ونستطيع التحديد ونقوم بإمكانه بسيطة