 Where can we put them, if they are moving around, we just try to stay within this lane, right? Yeah, if there are two persons, you have a hard point, but it's then the highest, the highest. If there are more people, then you can put black on the one, then you can go up. Yeah, but you see now when I'm walking away, like this, should I put black on it? Yeah, if you walk away, it's just the black. Okay, so now, like, if it's presented then... Otherwise, you get blue light in a long distance, right? But it is. For example, if I can... It's because you do, yeah? You can tell, yeah? You can feel it, it's like your hair. You hear it, it's nice, right? Okay. To get back, it's to get blue. Yeah. And then you can just... Yeah. You can put it on, like, can you put it down there? Yeah. Or you can put it on the ground for you. Yeah. Sorry? So now, like, you can put it on the ground. Yeah, yeah, yes. You can put it there, like, everything on it. Yeah. You can put it on the ground. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Just a little... You're going to have to let that go. And then I want to remove the dark, you can put it there. Yeah. It's different. When you have a powerful blue light in your face, then you can put that on it. It's very important, you can put it on the ground. Yeah. So for black, when you are... Then you can put it on the ground. Okay, sorry. But you can put it on the ground, you can put it on the ground. This is just a bit of a... It's not honest, this is just... Not sure. This is just a bit of a... Simon, can I have a presentation? Okay, great. You have a presentation? Yeah, this is just... I have a meeting. I have a meeting. I have a meeting. I'm exaggerating. I have a meeting. Yeah. And it's... Some of those... Some of those. Yeah. You make... We have that usual round of introduction. Yeah, yeah. I wanted to ask him also what is he and then what does he want? I wanted to know more in this room... Oh. What he wants to listen to. Okay, yes, I think there's... Who are you, why are you here? And where are you? Yeah, yeah, yeah. Very good. So, can we make that round? Yeah. And then, um, that's it. So, you will give a... Okay, so on. Yeah. You are operating. Yeah. So, people find a new heart, and they want to get up to the room if they're going to the room. Yeah. We will open windows around, so that we get, uh... And to go into the building, that will do. Oh, no. Did you speed up? You can speed it up. You can put it on an extra speed. You can put it on an extra speed. Okay. Yeah? Yeah. Okay. That's easy to do. That's easy to do. That part of the room is supposed to be on the side of the room. Yeah. Okay. There'll be this one. There'll be this one. Okay. I think you can... And then look at my... Okay, good. So, we have to be on these lines, yeah? No, you have to be on this side of the room. There's too many instructions. Okay. Welcome, everybody. I think the mic is not for you. It's for all the people at their screens in the world. And it's because it's registered and it's videoed and we're... Celebrities? Of course. And there's as well... For those, many of us will speak here, as always. And there's a gray line so that in the studio you shouldn't stay here because then the color is bad. Okay, welcome, everybody. At the early time on Saturday, we're already quite packed. The two of us are moderating and you see the agenda. What's coming? Moderators have to be very strict with time. Always. Yeah. And I'll leave it to you to... Well, I don't... I think we have some house... small housekeeping rules. We will be very crowded here today. So, you should feel free to circulate and be also in another room that we have prepared for you if it's too crowded in here. But we are really, really happy that we have all your people already here in the room and we're looking forward to this day. But be prepared. It's going to be a little bit crowded. And that's a good sign. Okay, so then next is Arno to welcome us formally on behalf of SCI. Yes. And I understand that these microphones are not for you. They are for the rest of the world to hear us. When you do speak in the room you just speak loudly so we can hear each other. Good morning. So, my job is to welcome you to SCI. It's the 12th time we've held this meeting. It's the 24th Susanna meeting. So we're very proud to be doing this. For those that have never been here before you're very welcome today and I hope you come again as well. This is a very regular annual meeting. And just to do a little bit of padding on the backs. So, SCI and I'm one of those people at SCI as well as Gia, Zed, Arna and Eva, Groland were really the three founders of Susanna. And I think the three of us can agree that these meetings and the ones in the Global South every year are just getting better and better. SCI for those that don't know is a think tank. It's a global organization with offices on most of the continents. It's an institute that carries out research into many of these hot topics that trouble the world today. And it covers the whole vast field of environment and development. In fact, SCI last year was named the most influential think tank on environmental policies in the world according to the University of Pennsylvania index of think tanks. I like to think that SCI's way of working is having a positive impact on the way Susanna has evolved and we'll also continue to evolve as the years go by. And over the last three days here we've been actually reviewing Susanna's first major global market study which was carried out by COST, CAWST in Calgary and CCON in Switzerland. Calgary's in Canada for those that don't know that. As part of this Gates grant that we have to further develop Susanna. And the word think tank they came out very strongly especially yesterday. In fact, the meeting where we met with the core group representatives yesterday who advised this Gates funded a three-year project to develop Susanna. We spoke about creating a new image and a new possible path for Susanna where we are in fact balancing knowledge management as you know it today on the one hand and then think tank function on the other. So today you are living proof actually that this is the case on this live stream and recorded meeting you will be showing us that you have both think tank components as well as KM. So I'd like to introduce a new face to Susanna. And I would like to introduce Simon Ocott. Please stand up. Simon is the new project manager for the Gates funded three-year development project and he works at our Nairobi office and he used to work at the Kenya water sector trust fund I'm not sure if his boss Ishmael is here he will be here there's a whole lot we can learn about trust funds as a mechanism for actually governing and funding national wash programs. So Simon actually has worked previously with the Gates foundation on a much bigger project he's going to tell us a little bit about his thoughts about Susanna and the theme of so we'd like to just a light little applause for Simon welcome him to talk. Thank you very much for that last and elaborate introduction most of you I think we've met in the corridors of the sub sector activities and also Susanna meetings and so yeah pleased to join you again in this 24th meeting Susanna meeting well I would like to say that the fact that many of you could afford to come a couple of days before the world water week is itself a reminder for us all that we have an important role to play in the sanitation sub sector so really I feel honored to stand before you to welcome you to Susanna meeting I know they're welcoming to ACI and what ACI does but I also would want to now to link this meeting our role as sub sector practitioners with the ACS world water week of reduced reuse yeah I think as a global platform for sanitation and hygiene community of practitioners Susanna is committed to stimulate action towards attainment of the SDGs especially SDG 6.2 and this is through intensified of learning of course and sharing for active application of sanitation information and outreach mechanisms in order for us to realize impact on the ground so we're looking at working at scale but at the same time we want to see how this working at scale in fact touch the grass root the grass root lives for Susanna to accelerate this impact of learning and sharing we aspire to change the community of practice behavior and I think this is practically trying to move people from need to know which we usually look at we go into looking at the platforms and forums to actually need to share and act so for us it's moving another different level where we'll be able to actually apply what we learn and actually apply at scale one of the strengths that Susanna has is the capacity to recognize changing nature of development landscape in the sanitation world and how to adapt that and I think having looked at the shifting geography and the profiles of priorities I think we've seen the growing need to upscale which I've really talked about but also there is the accelerating pace of urbanization that is a challenge to sanitation when it comes to service delivery and also the question of expanding innovations in the sub sector so how can Susanna then harness all its capabilities to be able to face these challenges and I think the strength that we have that is crucial is the fact that we can help bring these approaches to the people and perhaps try to make these the people to actually be so much agile and motivate the communities to be responsive to these kind of approaches further to this we recognize we recognize the sub sector developments that have taken place in the recent past or I would say in the past kind of two decades the innovations that have especially with regard to the service chain and the values of reuse of sanitation products sanitation sub sector practitioners have always and this is for time that stretches back we have always advocated for reuse of treated wastewater and other products from sanitation for water demanding activities which so far is really limiting the opportunities for other alternative uses for fresh water and it's therefore I think quite fulfilling for us today in this room and Susanna community that this year's water week theme which talks about water and waste reduce and reuse was well coined to actually signify the shifting priority not only for water and water resource management but towards actually considering sanitation as part of the nexus for water the wider water sector water and sanitation sector so I think this is a great honor for the community that works in sanitation today that even as we move towards addressing some of these issues that already we've seen in our agenda today that there is a strong link of our discussion today with the main theme of the World Water Week and I think that this shifting prioritization of sanitation and you know the service delivery in the sub-sector will be not only you know for these kind of the conferences but really carried out from the conferences and we try to apply whatever we learn from the various innovations that are going to come on board researchers and case studies and apply this especially for the greater south where the sanitation challenge is still a critical menace I think with you know those few remarks I wish to say welcome to the 24th Susanna General Meeting and I hope that you know today we will feel challenged will be excited but above all let us get excited and actually inspired to go and do something back at home thank you very much applause thank you someone right yes now I have the pleasure of a very interesting part of the meeting it's when we do a short introduction of ourselves and I just want you to say that I recall the summer 2007 when I got a telephone call from a totally unknown person in my life it was a certain Arna Panesar asking me how I was preparing the Susanna meeting in Stockholm 2007 and I was there in my shorts and I said yeah I'm fully prepared and since then I can tell you that has been my summer vacation preparing Susanna meetings in Stockholm that was 10 years back my name is Madre I work at SEI now I would like to see who is in the room so please say your name your affiliation and when someone told you about Susanna and you started to interconnect Arna you go no no we should actually start here yeah on that side so I will start Kim Anderson SEI colleague with Madeleine I'm co-leading the sanitation initiative at SEI when did you hear from Susanna oh right I guess I worked in the EcoSanres program so right from the start I would say yeah thanks main affiliation okay good morning I'm Omar Shoshan actually I have two hats I'm head of the Jordan federation for environmental NGO and at the same time I'm executive director of rural family society one of the organization in the Middle East has a prize today in sanitation projects actually this year I know about the Susanna so I'm very excited to know much more about this alliance thank you yeah thank you good morning everyone my name is Doreen Barlow and I work for the GIZ sustainable sanitation sector program in Germany and I learned about Susanna in 2011 yes Arna Panesar GIZ when I learned about Susanna I was I think consultant I don't know to GIZ possibly and I heard about Susanna when we were discussing what should we do in 2006 I guess that if the international year comes what should we do and that was designing Susanna good morning my name is Ankatrin Tempel I work for the Susanna secretary which is hold by GIZ and I heard about Susanna when I was a master student and I needed to do research but Carol McCreary public hygiene lets us stay human or flush and my first and last Susanna meeting was the fourth in New Delhi good morning everyone I'm Pritzalian good eyes and consulting I have been associated with Susanna since 2011 all right good morning everyone my name is Maitsam Atum I represent a rural family colleague here, Omar, and I'm the one responsible for the headache for Madeline and Andorine for the last two days with the last-minute kind of travel plan, so sorry. That's how I introduced myself. Apologize first, then go. We're here to present one of the projects that we implemented back in 2016 and earlier this year, and I'm excited to be here to be honest. I've heard of the Susana Alliance only this year, 2017. Thank you all. Good morning everyone. My name is Alexandra Dubois. I work for GIZ Water Program in Kenya, supporting the Water Sector Trust Fund, and yeah, I can't recall exactly when I heard about Susana, but the same as Anna. I think it was when I was a master student in turning for GIZ in Ashbourne, so quite some time ago. Good morning. I'm Charles Shindairi. I'm coming from Southern Water and Swarovitch Company in Zambia. I heard about Susana this year through GIZ. Good morning. My name is Ngolya Kimanzu. I work for the International Department of the Salvation Army, Stockholm office. I learned about Susana I think 2015 from Madeleine. I used to be in the steering committee of the Siani Swedish International Agriculture Initiative, and I think Madeleine does a very good job of promoting Susana. Thank you. Good morning everybody. I am Christophe Lechelet from French organization called PSO, Programmes with ITO. I am involved in the sanitation communities since the end of the 90s, and fully involved in Susana. I think about 2010, approximately. Hi, good morning. I'm Collette Renéval also from PSO. I guess I learned about Susana also during my master, but I really discovered it last year when I attended my first Susana meeting. Good morning. My name is Roland Schurtenleib, ex-AVARG in Switzerland. Actually, I heard about Susana in 2006 when I learned about this crazy idea to form an alliance on sustainable sanitation, and so on. At present I'm actually one of the five representatives of the core group in the Project Advisory Board of the Gates Foundation. Hi, I'm Peter Hawkins, presently unaffiliated, been working on sanitation for about, I don't know, 30 or 40 years, and I'm not quite sure when I first heard about Susana, but it's just like the people I like to talk to, I suddenly found they all belong to Susana, so I do too. Hi, very good morning. My name is Stefan Reuter, Director of Border, and I heard about Susana also 2006. Good morning. My name is Alex Wolff. I'm also working for Borda, based in Germany, and I learned about Susana in 2015. Hello, Theresa Wiesmann, Program Officer Africa for Borda as well, mostly based in Berman in Germany, and my colleagues speak about Susana every day, and this is my first meeting. Hello, everybody. My name is Thorsten Räcker, I'm also working for Borda as a regional advisor for Western Central Asia, and yeah, it's also difficult to say for me when I heard first time about Susana, I think it was also between 2006-2008, I assume. Thank you. Hello, my name is Bela Monzer. I work for the organization, for the program Fit for School, a school, Washington Schools Program in Asia of GIZ. I heard the first time of Susana when I was working within the Department of Education, and we had waterless toilets in 2008, and that was where we got some information from GIZ Sustainable Sanitation Program at that time. Good morning, my name is Francesca Bock. I work for the GIZ Water Portfolio in Jordan, and I believe I belong to those who heard about Susana when they did the master's research. In my case, that was in Mongolia some three, four years ago. Thank you. Good morning, I'm Jaime Tatay. I work at Comilla University in Madrid, Spain, and I heard about Susana a few weeks ago when Madeleine invited me over. Hi, my name is Sara Gobrelson. I'm from Lund University Center for Sustainability Studies. I also run a capacity building program at University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. I heard about Susana during my postdoc 2014. Hi, I'm Olivier Mills from Cast from that city in Canada called Calgary, for those who don't know. I learned about Susana I think in 2010. At Cast we developed virtual services, and we're thinking of doing an online space and sanitation like oh no these guys are got it. So that's how I first learned about it. I'm glad to be here. This is my first meeting even though I've heard of you guys for so long and my team's been around, but it's good to be here this year. Hello, good morning. I'm Victoria Goodday also with Cast. I work in partnerships. I heard about Susana probably three years ago, and I attended the general meeting last year. Good to be here. Good morning. My name is Laura Kohler. I'm also with Cast, and I first heard about Susana in 2011. Good morning. My name is Aline Busman. I'm working with the SeaWars Switzerland in the program SeaWars Middle East, and I know about Susana since my studies, but actively involved since last year. Yeah, my name. Yes, okay. My name is Tim Forster. I work with Voxfam, and I guess I've been messing around with Poo since the late 90s. I think I heard about Susana in about 2006, and I remember distributing some of the technical briefs around urine diversion toilets to other Voxfam colleagues to try to inspire them. I'm not sure it succeeded. Anyway. Yes, my name is Raul Silvetti. I'm from Bolivia. I represent the Foundation Sumahwasi. I have been in contact with Susana in Rio for five years ago, I think. Thank you. Good morning. My name is Adanyo Bothma from Zambia, GFA. I learned about Susana last year when I was preparing the guidelines for sanitation planning for the district. I used part of your materials to come up with these guidelines, and we are piloting them in four urban districts. Good morning, everyone. I'm Nacho Mbenangamba from the local authority in Zambia in Losaka. Losaka City Council, I work for the public health department there. I heard about Susana a few months ago. They had a meeting in Losaka, though I didn't attend. This is my first meeting. Good morning. My name is Ilengang Kata, and I work with the climate-friendly sanitation program in Losaka with JIZD, and I recently only learned about Susana this year. Hi, I'm Michael Lindenmeier, and I'm with the Toilet Board Coalition, and I'm also a fellow at the Sorenson Impact Center that has a partnership with Borda. And I first heard about Susana in about 2010 when I pulled together and co-created the world's first global sanitation hackathon. I created a thing called Toilet Hackers, if anyone remembers that, the good old days. So I love sanitation. I'm super happy to be here. Good morning, everyone. My name is Jenny Carlson, and I work for Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council, and I first heard about Susana when I had my first work mission to Madagascar last year at the Global Learning Event of Global Sanitation Fund. And that's when I heard about Susana. Good morning, everyone. My name is Thilo Panzerbieter. I'm director of the German Toilet Organization, which is a part of the German Wash Network that some of the other members are also part of, have been with Susana since the very first meeting and was there when it was born. And I'm now together with Roland and a few others on that advisory board on the great Gates Grant. Hello, I'm Joe Willemski. I did an internship at the GTO this year, so I heard the first time of the Susana this year. Hello, I'm Roland. I study International Disaster Management in Berlin. And I think I heard the first time of Susana in the Washington Emergency Course from the GTO. Hi, everyone. I'm Shobana Srinivasan and I'm employed by Borda, but I work for GIZ, Susana Secretariat. I think back in 2007, I was still a wild teenager when Susana started, but I got to know about it when I was doing my master's in 2014. Thank you. Hi, good morning. My name is Claudia Ventland. I'm working for WTS, Women and Gates for a Common Future. We're an NGO part, yeah, part in Susana since maybe 2007, 2008, around the International Year of Sanitation. I'm co-leading this one Working Group, seven, which is on rural communities, Washington schools and gender. And I'm also part of this advisory board for the Gates Foundation project. Hi, good morning. My name is Lourdes Valenzuela. I'm part of the Aguatuyas Board and I'm here from Susana since 2010. I'm from Bolivia. Morning, Gustavo Heredia from Aguatuyas in Bolivia also. We are a Susana member since 2010 in Rio, the 11th meeting, I think. Hi, I'm Yannick Frida. I work for SICON and I think I first heard of Susana when I was developing an outreach strategy for another network, trying to understand what you did in around 2010 or 2011. Hello, everybody. My name is Leonela Barreto. I also work for SICON and also for SEWAS. And I think I heard about Susana in 2007, 2008, when we had this project called NETSAF, that we sum up both work together. And that's why we got together and start thinking about Susana. My name is Yannol of Drangit. I've been working with the sanitation sector for a number of years. And personally, I'm working with building ecological houses, practicing the things we have taught. And I heard about Susana from the inception. Good morning, everyone. My name is Jonathan Kampata. I'm from Zambia, from the Lusaka Water and Swara Storage Company. We are working with JIZ on the urban sanitation program. And I heard about Susana about four weeks ago. And I'm here together with the people from JIZ. And I look forward to to learn more about what we are doing and particularly to put into practice. Thank you. Good morning, everyone. I am Nyong'e Piri from Lusaka, Zambia. I work for Lusaka Water and Swara Storage. I came across Susana through the work that we are doing, trying to integrate on-site sanitation in the sanitation service provision for the utility that is working together with JIZ. So thank you. Good morning, everyone. My name is Trevor Sarage. I work for JIZ in Zambia. I'm team lead of the project on climate friendly sanitation services in Peri-Urban areas of Lusaka, and work closely with both our Lusaka Water and our city council colleagues. And I heard about Susana back in 2011. Good morning. I'm Hannah Neumeyer. I work with Wash United heading the human rights work there. And I think since I joined sort of the sector in 2010, I was sort of, you know, people talked about it. Good morning. I'm Carolyn Moore with the Global Handwashing Partnership, and I first learned about Susana this year. Good morning. I'm Ron Clemer. I'm with FHI 360. I lead the Wash Team there. I started hearing about Susana a few years ago, and this information coming out, and I was like, what is a Susana anyway? And a couple of years ago, I was able to start participating in meetings and certainly appreciate the organization. Yes, good morning. My name is François Riquet. I work for the Global Water Partnership. I'm also leading the Urban Team for the World Water Forum that's coming in Brazil. And the first time I heard about Susana is through you, Madeleine, so I don't remember when. But I can confess to you that I think of Susana every morning at breakfast time because one of the first meetings of Susana was in the KTH on the other side of the lake, so I live on the other side of the lake, and I see this place every morning. Good morning. My name is Pai Drexel. I'm a strategic program leader at the International Water Management Institute. And honestly, I have no idea when I heard the first time about Susana. You might tell me. Good morning. I'm Tarzan Keefer from Wash United. I think I must have heard about Susana in 2010, and I'm quite sure it was Tilo who told me about it. And Wash United then joined in 2011. Personally, it's my first Susana meeting, so I'm super excited about today. Oh, great. Excellent. We have been around long. And this is your first meeting. Okay, some very prominent lady has entered the door, so I would like to. Yeah. So let's start in front here, please. Good morning. My name is Christine Moe, and I'm the director for the Center for Global Safe Wash at Emory University in Atlanta. And I think I have come to some very early Susana meetings. I think there was one of the early meetings I was the only American at the meeting, so. But now no longer. That's a progress. Good morning. I'm Fatou. I work with Borda in Mali, and I found out about Susana about 2015, when I started becoming involved with Borda. This is my very first meeting, and I'm excited. Good morning. My name is Hal Fredschilder-Hedrick, and I work, I now work for EcoLoop, a small organization, a small company working, looking at water and sanitation and closing the loop. So that's very exciting. What else? When did I first hear about Susana? Well, that was Angolia, who introduced me to Siani Expert Groups and said, we should form an expert group. So we did, on water, sanitation, and food, nutrition, security, and we're, we're doing a phase two this year. So. Okay. Here's one more. Good morning, everyone. My name's Abraham Morbola. I'm from Choma, Zambia. I work with Choma Management for Cancer as Acting Director Planning. I first heard of Susana, I think, in July, when I was asked to, if I'm interested to come and attend this conference. So I'm excited to learn more about the organization. Thank you. A warm welcome. So mission completed. We have all introduced each other to it. And I think this was a little bit significant because this is a 10 year celebration of Susana. We are doing this year. You'll hear more about that later today, I think. But why presenting ourselves as we revealed a little bit about our history. And it's so great to have someone that only knew about Susana a few weeks ago, and the ones that have almost born with Susana. So now I would like to introduce the prominent honor to do some work up here on stage, please. Yes, thank you, Madeline. And so the round was, who am I? Why am I here? What is Susana? And I have the same role now. Who is Susana? Why is she there? Since when she knows it's Susana. Well, and that helped, I think. And yes, it was about 10. We have the 10th anniversary, because in January 2007, we had the first meeting and we had it because during 2006, we were saying, well, if this crazy thing of an international year really is happening, then a lot of money will be pumped into the sector and maybe a lot of rubbish will happen. So there was a strong concern that if I was always said that those days we were counting 5000 children below five dying every day because of dirty water. And the vision was that if you have a new toilet, and the only thing the toilet does is pollute the nearby village lake, then this number will increase during the international year of sanitation and not go down. So the concern was that how can we do our work more efficiently? How can we bring in the aspects of sustainability? And in the first meeting, we were about 20 people who were asking themselves how to do that. And one way was to say that, well, if we are so scattered, then these voices won't be heard. So can't we have a joint voice? And if we want to have a joint voice, then we need to have consensus on what we can argue for. And there might be areas where there will be heated discussions. But there might be many areas where we actually quite clear. So actually, it started with a number of people who want to do better work during the coming year, and to try to find out where they can reach a consensus to speak with a with a common voice with a with a stronger voice. I think that was the what how we went together. And I think that's still how it is 10 years later. And so now, Susanna has often seen as a knowledge management thing. But it is knowledge management with a purpose. Because if you think that let's let's agree on what can we agree? Then you need some literature that sort of so this is the extreme one side direction. This is the other direction. Or this is this is the review. And this is on which we can all agree. So actually, when we started the library, we were not starting a library because we wanted to have many publications on sanitation. But we wanted to make the case for where we can speak with one voice. And the other thing was that then there was a discussion. We started actually with this, the thinking what are sanitation and financing? Isn't it a wrong calculation if you finance, if you talk only about the cost of the infrastructure and not if it doesn't work at the cost of the dying children and also what is actually the political economy. So one working group was formed about sanitation and financing political economy. One then yes was on knowledge management. One was on urban sanitation and so on and so on. But again, it was not to make libraries. It was not in the first sense to make knowledge management. But actually during a quite short period of time on the pressure in that next year, how what are the key publications? What are the key messages? Which and then the other I think very important thing was we will all be under pressure in the same direction. So if two people are under pressure in the same direction and have the same task, can't they join? Mind it? Then they have somebody to talk to. Yes, please come Elizabeth. They have something to talk to. They so so that matchmaking was another motivating factor. In the beginning of a few people, then we put up a list of what we find is important. That was a wish list in that January 2007. That was there were titles possible titles of working groups. And then we said, okay, nobody can do that. And there was no funding. So the only reason that we could do that was if we find somebody who has it on a stable that he has to do urban sanitation and he's ready and is confident that talking to a few other peoples will make his work better and is efficient for him. So he's not starting a top down way that now you do urban sanitation, but it was in the coming year. How can I be more efficient? If I if I unite with a with a few other people and organizations to get something out and clear. So that's how we started. So then in the second round, we said, now you can only vote for a working group if you're ready to work for it. And actually we were thinking, well, this will reduce the number of working groups very much. And it didn't. We were surprised how many working groups stayed there on the wall. And there were a few which we then said, okay, let's let's throw the others away. Let's let's keep going. And there were one, for example, I think one was sanitation in emergencies. Nobody was able to do it. But we didn't want to put it from the wall. So we said that, okay, let's keep it at the wall as a call for action that if that we we admit nobody is here who can do it. But we all think it's very important. Another one was this political economy of sanitation. There was everybody said, Well, this is really crucial. And nobody said, Well, I can do it on weekend. Nobody has free weekends for that task. So we as well kept it and said that, Well, who might come up and do it? So now I was talking about Susanna on its way, the working groups, the vision document up there is sort of saying, let's let's write down on a few pages what we're actually heading for what do we want to do? And then we're proceeding. And then we were higher than we started to stop Susanna to say enough. Because the international year was over and we're saying that, Well, that's it. Shouldn't we stop it now? We wanted to have a more efficient international year. And then there were too many voices that, Well, actually, no, let's let's go on. It's not too bad. And so we went on. And so we were actually then seeing what we're doing more in the continuing to achieve not the international year, but actually the MDGs contribute to the MDGs. And now 10 years later, it's we're two years into the SDGs. And so that that's sort of the shift of what's happening. And we'll hear many things about that. So now I click through what what is there. So maybe today, one could say Susanna is an open network that wants to support achieving the SDGs in and around sanitation, its links, ground experiences with an engaged community. It turned out that we had, we had sort of a number of members, partners, individuals on on sort of a on a policy level or on sort of bigger organizations. But soon as we wanted to have change on the ground, we had a number of grassroots organizations as well. And we wanted to be of service for both and to bring them together and that stayed on. And yes, consensus building around if you if you if you try to analyze where can we speak with one voice and we're not immediately you will find the hot topics where there's discussions is a UDT from God or from the devil or is CLTS the silver bullet of new use or what's what is it. And and so actually by trying to find out where we need discussion, we addressed innovation and was sort of helping innovation to be discussed and as well to be documented and to as well to be agreed on what can we say about it. Okay, I think that's it in a nutshell. I'm this is now sort of re visualizing what I've said, these are the working groups. And they have changed a little bit. Some were coming, some were going, some were sleeping, some were active, and we'll hear from them as well during the day. Then as well under this, that let's let's get the knowledge base to together. It started then people who were driving, we identified a few central documents that we wanted to be there. There were key documents like the compendium, which for the first eight meetings was quite an important part in the systems working group that we are the sounding board for it. This the left one was our attempt with WSP to have some more information on costs. Then we had something on cities and so on and so on. But my point here is that it's not to collect case studies, it's not to collect this or that. It was always making the case, how can we be more efficient in our work? What's missing there as an argument, as a gap where we need the joint voice to go forward? And who is in the room who has that on the table? So that it's not some people somewhere, it's you. It's nobody else. And if you talk to you and then identify something where you say, okay, this is worth doing it. Then you say that, well, it will fit in that working group or it will fit for preparing that conference. And then it comes up and forms part of the bigger picture. Nothing else is there, I would say. Yes, then we tried, as it was growing beyond our expectations, we tried different ways to how can this matchmaking, this communication can happen. So with the now 300 partner organizations, can't partner describe, this is my organization, this is what we are doing, this is what we're interested in. So if you want to find in that country a partner, make it easier in that way. Yes, these are just numbers and I don't think I have to say much about it. It's growing, that's actually the only message of that slide. And in different dimensions. But that's, well, that's how it is. And it's global, and this is just the countries and the members and the partner, in this case, the members of the countries. And it started a lot with face to face meetings. In the first two years, we had four meetings a year because we wanted to influence the preparation of the international year, and we wanted to influence what is happening international year. And then we had one meeting here in Stockholm and one meeting in the south. And the face to face situation is a crucial one to be creative and then you can go on in the virtual world. But this face to face situation was always felt as very much being needed in, as well in the global south and as well here. So then, yes, I'm, so that's it for a moment. So then actually why is it working? A network is a loose something with no commitments. You come, I don't come. No, I have to drink coffee with someone. I can't come today. So that can't work. So actually it started to be a mix of a very loose network and well defined cooperation systems from the very beginning. We heard NETSAF, which was a EU project from day one, actually people said that, okay, if we want to have that knowledge, actually you and you and you can't we apply for a project from the EU, which is doing that. And so a number of EU projects in the very beginning were formed sort of trying to produce results that were useful to Susanna and as well to use the Susanna network. That was after the publication soon there were coming a few of these EU projects. And that is what we called cooperation systems. So now, yes, and I have to say that the German ministry from day one in the sustainable sanitation project liked the idea of this thing happening. So from day one, we could say for the next two or three years, we are safe. And since then for 10 years, I have to very much say thank you to the German ministry and Tandila Kral is on the way to come to this meeting from the ministry and will be with us in the afternoon. Sort of the German ministry has paid the room rent to say that this should happen. And it has continued to pay the room rent because it liked what is happening in the room. And what's happening in the room to an extent is these cooperation systems. And the big ones that as well quite soon, I don't know when was the phase one of the SEI grant. The Gates Foundation said that you have a forum and we have 90 or 120 projects to reinvent the toilet. But these are mostly in universities and the universities are not too much discussing it with the public. So can't the forum be a place to discuss these grants? So that was sort of a clear cut cooperation system with clear tasks which improve the forum of Susanna. So the outcome for Susanna was to have a better forum. What's the time? Am I late or so? Okay, so I'm coming to end. So it's this combination of the network and the cooperation systems that makes it happening. This is an overview of some of the cooperation system. They range from the bigger ones to actually if partners come together to to form a thematic discussion or if somebody an organization says yes, we'll pay the dinner. So we can have that meeting going. So and it's very much the voluntary time or the matchmaking time that you bring into Susanna because you make it synergistic with your ongoing work. And I think that's it. This is so the regional chapters are just an attempt to be more in the region and to be of service to regional contexts with what Susanna is. The India one was starting because the Prime Minister of India was starting Swatch Bharat and actually the Indian colleagues were saying that what we had on a global level in 2007 will now be repeated in India. Everybody will build something and we need to bring in more sustainability aspects. And we had Argyam who said we'll pay three years, nine thematic discussions. So that's a very small thing, but it has a start and it has an end and it is a limited contribution to a discussion. Nothing more. It's something small, but it could we saw the potential that may be the Indian partners can can can unite, can bring on it and Vishwanath will tell us more later. Another one was the the Susanna Mena chapter or IS which is sort of starting now and I'm excited that new people in the region said well I've heard of Susanna now because that's the idea. At the moment in the Mena region a lot of things are going on and sometimes the right hand is not doing what the left hand is doing. So the matchmaking to understand what's going on and who is doing what there would be a reason and there were there two Susanna partners who have projects there. One is SEVAS with the Swiss Development Government Ministry, what's our STC and the cooperation and the other one is GTO with the German Foreign Office which are doing some small things but which are with clear goals and clear some things. Can this be a starting point for something more? We're trying out to bring Susanna to a region and the aim is again not to have it quite on a project time as a cooperation system. It has a start, it has an end and it has a contribution to what Susanna can be and I think well that's sort of visualizing the Susanna Secretariat in the last three years let's estimate 900,000 Euro, SEI has a program on sustainable sanitation as well as something. This is sort of the driving, this is the room rent but the main contribution is that other thing that all the cooperation systems which are happening because of you and this has in fact an impact on in maybe as well in fact on other broader things happening. Hopefully Swach Bharat from this is the shit flow diagrams, is it the India chapter or is it personally you and you and you in India trying to streamline thinking towards more sustainability and so on. Yeah I think that's it and I think that we'll launch but that Roland will talk on in a minute and so the Susanna vision 2030 is our next step and I think yes the agenda. You have it in your hand just go through. We're here now at 1020 I hope it's 1020 then. We'll continue with a small launch of the sanitation calendar as an activity. We'll have a coffee and then we have a block on sort of the on one hand the net knowledge management ground a big cooperation system which will bring us towards the future then on the vision document we'll go on. You won't get lunch if you don't you're not ready to go for the group photo. Yeah so be fast for the group photo be ready to smile otherwise no lunch. Then we have let me see I think then this this is the the scaling up thing where we have a number of contributions and I'm happy that we have so many contributions from the countries and we have others on a more on a broader level. We'll go to the topic of the of the World Water Week or water waste reduce reuse and again it's a packed thing that's actually my signal I shouldn't talk too long to take time from these people and we'll have Washington institutions and gender and then we'll have a bit more on the regional chapters which I was just clapping and then we try to have closing remarks from the German ministry and the Gates Foundation and tied to web up and in between we'll celebrate because it's 10 years. Okay thank you. I'm now introducing but you're moderating with me so yes please. That's why I'm reminding you that the next program point I have the honor to introduce Jenny Carlson from the Water Collaborative Council and she's going to introduce to us a sanitation calendar that sounds really great welcome. Thank you. Good morning again everyone so I'm here today on behalf of the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council. So my presentation is really on the pre-lounge of the Sanitation Calendar which is a joint project between Susanna and WSCC and I wanted to... Is it this one? Okay I wanted to just give a quick overview of what I will be presenting. So first because I think there are some new people here in the room I want to say a few words about where I'm working and what we are doing and why the partnership with Susanna is so important and that's linking back to the presentation that was so just given here today and then talk about the Sanitation Calendar. So just to give you a little bit of a kind of snapshot of who we are. So the Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council was founded in 1990. It's a UN hosted membership multi-stakeholder membership and partnership organization and that is really focusing on ensuring sustainable sanitation and better hygiene for all people with focus on the most marginalized and vulnerable members of society and we have a specific focus to ensure that we are advocating for equality and non-discrimination and we are focusing on building stronger expertise on gender equality specifically and using MGM as an entry point and I should mention here because we're talking about you know tenure anniversary WSACC has also gone through the same type of homework and we had we were we had the great pleasure of having Amina Mohammed the current Deputy Secretary General of the UN as our chair until April and so our new strategy for 2017-2020 is really very much influenced by her as she was the architect of the SDGs and we're trying to see how our work can really help to bring different sectors together integrate how we work and having a stronger stronger impact on other SDGs such as education, health, livelihoods and gender equality. So that's a little bit about our mission and then we are just as Susanna really an organization that is there for the members and our partners so we have three thousand three thousand six hundred members in 141 countries and national coordinators in 16 countries and really what we want to do is to try to collaborate and sorry promote and coherent coherence and collaboration at the country level regional level and global level and these national coordinators are of course vital to this because that is what we are there for to help the people on the ground doing the work and we have two ways of working main ways of working and one is the operational part which is the operated through the Global Sanitation Fund and the Global Sanitation Fund is supporting a country led behavior change programs on sanitation and hygiene and mainly in South Asia and Africa and the other part is really where the collaboration mainly comes in with Susanna which is the normative work policy advocacy action research applied research learning and knowledge sharing so that's really where our partnership with Susanna comes in and I would just wanted to mention that we really appreciate that partnership as we are having a great network and a great scope of working together and actually having a greater impact we have already started this many years ago and we had an important meeting in 2013 where we have also a report that came out that said we have to collaborate better in the sector between ourselves to help multiply the impact of what we are doing and one of the things we decided to do was exactly this sanitation calendar but many other aspects as well so we have already had several thematic discussions through our community of practice and through Susanna's network that has helped to drive innovative discussions in the sector for example on behavior change, slippage, challenges and a private sector engagement so that's really a little bit of the background and then we come to the sanitation calendar so the sanitation calendar the idea and concept about it was really what I've kind of mentioned that you know we need to have a greater sector coordination and integration and there's a great scope using technology for that of course it's very rapidly evolving and it all depends on where you are in the world how you use the technology but what we have developed is an online sanitation calendar that we hope can be useful for all the members and partners of our respective organizations which will allow all the members and partners to insert any activity or event that they feel that they want to share with other partners which can be again filtered according to region, language, country and theme and what we really hope is that it can be useful at country level for examples in our national coordinator in Nepal or in Malawi or in another country can use this actively as a tool and that can again help to create collaboration and integration with other partners of Susanna so unfortunately I don't have a live version of it here but this is kind of how it will look like of course this is just a better version so you can see that there's not really the real meeting here but so it's just to give you an idea that how it will be visualized and funnily enough we put 99th Susanna meeting so the target audience is the Susanna partners and WSACC members and it does require you to log in and register so that once you would actually enter the page you would have to go through that step and hopefully you could do that and then quickly it would be much more user-friendly than having to enter that kind of details every time and then you would be asked or you would find easily on the website the add button of your event and the idea is that you can really customize that and provide you know attachments and details about what that event was about so that it can also be database for what kind of events and capacity building efforts and other activities have already occurred because even though we here might know a lot there will be new people I just joined the sector one year ago and I would love to be able to access this kind of information of what actually happened on certain theme so I think it would be a great contribution from both of our organizations so Shubhbana do you want to say a couple of words from Susanna? Thank you. Hi this is Shubhbana from Susanna Secretariat so I just want to briefly explain to you the two interfaces so this calendar will be available in the events section of Susanna website and also in the WSACC website but if you want to enter events in the calendar then you would have to log on at www.sanitation-calendar.org if you're a Susanna partner you'll have exclusive rights where you could just use your Susanna username and login and enter and then you can upload your events and then pictures and PDF documents or any agenda on the event and this will directly go into the Susanna and WSACC interface and then so you're welcome to start using the calendar it will be online from next week and we are currently having a website upgrade thanks to the Gates Foundation so we'll have a new website we've revamped it and it's going to look a lot better and a lot more attractive and user-friendly so you can upload your events there so that we have a one-stop shop as Jenny had described it in the presentation you'll have all the sanitation events in just one page thank you it's not just the break the break is very important but it is 15 minutes and we have now how late are we wow so it's perfect and I won't reduce it to 10 minutes so I would say we reunite at 10 50 yeah enjoy your break and it's very important because it's the matchmaking time and and so all these time it and that's how we all come on the same page yeah that's the next break Come back everybody, our next session is the following ingredients, please take a seat. Now kindly stop talking, take a seat, our next session is will be about the knowledge grant and we can talk years and years about the knowledge grant, but we won't do, we only have 15 minutes and that's why we will be quite short and we'll as well have 15 minutes for discussion. Well this is just a fix so that people get seated. I'm not starting officially. Now I'm waiting for the sign that we're officially starting. Okay, yes we are online now, we're back on the all the people in their living rooms and so on. We have the next part of our of our morning session and we are talking about cooperation systems and there's one from the Gates Foundation which is in its third phase. The former phases were more on the level of making the forum better, making tools better. This phase as well has a dimension on actually what, where to head, who are we and so on and so on. I think we discussed three days the last week just on understanding the results and Simon O'Cott has the unmanageable task to, to give the top of the iceberg in just 15 minutes and we'll have a few questions. This is more in saying that you are aware of what's going on and those interested will contact us to be more in touch or deeper involved. There's enough work if you want to work always welcome. With these words Simon I think time for you. Thank you very much and good morning once more. Yeah, it's good to know that Susanna is not stagnant so I think in the earlier presentation by my colleague in Susanna he did elaborate that we are not stopping any soon with the development of you know elaborating on the information platform so that many of us can be able to access relevant information, sanitation information to apply. Lauda? Oh thank you. So I'm just going to elaborate in brief the phase three financing of the Susanna sustainable sanitation project that is done by the Gates Foundation and we are proud to say that ACI has also done very well to bring this funding on board to support the improvement of their platform for the users to be able to access the information as they want. This is a consortium implemented project that has a number of organizations. Of course we have both Oxfam and WaterAid also coming on board and of course we have other consultants that are supporting also the project. The project is running from last year October to the year 2019 and it aims at improving the effectiveness of the information that we collect and disseminate to the practitioners for purposes of facing the challenge of sanitation especially if you look at the greater global south where as you can see from the red indicators we are really having low progress in terms of sanitation coverage progress. So that's really what we're looking at in terms of the project and we're looking at really making the platform and the channels for disseminating this information more friendly to the users and also more targeted to the users so that really they don't spend so much time in terms of trying to locate what they want and also trying to synthesize. In terms of the key critical outcomes for the project we're looking at really trying to see how do we position Susanna appropriately for the diverse number of users, the policy makers all the way down to practitioners and of course the grassroots to whom we want to see this impact upon. So it calls upon people thinking big in terms of how do we expand the reach of the network through improved platforms how do we actually also look at Susanna being available for the users and the membership for that matter or the network for as long as possible. So the question of sustainability also comes in how do we establish Susanna as a sustainable platform for use in the run up to the year 2030 and some of the critical activities that have been identified as being important for this exercise as we raise against time in terms of improving coverage of sanitation included you know taking critical studies the user experience study with regard to two websites the Susanna website as well as the forum website and also looking at who are our stakeholders what are their actual requirements and in terms of what can we do to in fact be able to address their critical needs as they undertake the challenging job of increasing impact of sanitation activities. So well the user experience study is already undertaken and I think we've incorporated lots of recommendations that came from the users what they feel should be altered what they feel worked well in the within the two platforms or within the two websites and so I believe that in the next couple of days we should be having a new look Susanna website together with them with the forum so hold your breath it will really be exciting yeah so so that is already done and we are moving quite well with that the next bit of the study was to take stakeholder market study which is currently being just finalized it was being done by Kerst and and and Sikon my colleague Anu did mention that in the morning and it's really looking at what are the strengths of Susanna in the current you know information information sharing sharing platforms what are our strengths what are our weaknesses what are our opportunities to collaborate with others were also in in this particular business and the scope spanned around creating a baseline and looking at what is currently there and then developing a strategy that would then take us to the next level and of course this strategy will have to be the impact of this strategy will have to be measured through established performance indicators yeah just a bit of this diagram is is becoming a whole mark for for some of our presentations and you will bear with us that looking at the approach of this particular study it was envisaged that as much as it's good to look at the supply side of you know the information you can have you can evaluate you know the needs of the supply side but really you have to understand what are the demands so that you do a proper matching of you know the your interventions and so the study took the approach of evaluating the supply side and of course also the demand side and these actually comes into in handy to support the strategy in terms of trying to target properly the audience so that you don't really as it came in the user study that you really have everything for everyone even if they don't need that some of the indicative results from the user from the stakeholder study market study has been you know shared with us and what is emerging is the fact that we need to really organize the materials under the products through the different channels that are popular with the people so that the wider audience or respondents that responded to some of the critical questions we're looking at we really have to differentiate the target and the market try to see what the policy people need as opposed to perhaps what the practitioners need and really what is it that the grassroots CBOs require from from the same platform and in doing so also try to see what are the appropriate channels that they can actually access this through so so these are actually a mind and I believe that in the next couple of days the team still is going to finalize this and this will be available for all of us to see and not just to see as in terms of outcomes of the study but in terms of how has that influenced the Susanna operations and give it a new impetus in terms of reaching out to wider group of people in a very differentiated and disaggregated manner with that I wish to call upon Dan and Carol just to give an insight into another activity that I've not highlighted within this presentation you did he was going to call on us so what we prepared to do is pass this a little card around so Carol and I are long-term academics who once thought the word Wikipedia was right up there with you know a very very dirty word and we have since been very humbled to realize that there are far more people who go to Wikipedia for information than to Susanna now this is very sad state of affairs but it is the case so Carol and I have committed ourselves to looking through the 100 top entries on Wikipedia that relate to water and sanitation and with World Toilet Day coming up we're going to have a huge influx of clicks on Wikipedia about World Toilet Day so if you are a World Toilet Day fan I just passed out the World Water Day card but we have one that is a World Toilet Day card so if you prefer the alternative those are in my bag too but this is an invitation for you to join our team and we're planning on having fun Carol and I are really quite excited about taking some of the sciency things that appear on Wikipedia and putting them in a form that would be readable and understandable to quite normal people and we have as a reference point some of the people we personally know where we work who have a high school education and are thirsty and hungry for information and they go to Wikipedia and they just like breeze right on by and they don't even go to Susanna dot org so join our team thank you very much that's a gracious call and with that I think I want to dilute that I want to say thank you very much any questions we're available with regard to the grant thank you okay let's have we have maybe five minutes for for some to start questions maybe we cannot have a one-day discussion so which questions came out of the presentation on the grant please if there are any you're so thrilled no question from our side yes Stefan please when we talk about knowledge management we look about the right solution sustainable solution how do we make sure we don't only address technology health and hygiene education but crisis situation where we come across bribery situations where money doesn't stay in the utility but it's used to lies for the next elections so these things all happen and are not solved by having a membrane treatment system instead of a constructed wetland so how do we address these necessary steps in the evolving sector how do we address that in our survey or is that also addressed as a need so my point would be instead of expert advice process consulting manage through these crisis it situations I'll try with a humble answer and then the experts on the ground have to add the ground was given very much on knowledge improving the knowledge management in the existing library case say whatever is there and I think what what it can achieve that I'm quite confident that somebody who goes to the website in two years or in your will improve that during the grant around expectation management so that if I'm going here what can I find who am I and what is the knowledge that I will need so it's it's on the other hand to say that is there something which should be there because that is then the con the discussion on sustainable sanitation is more complete and here this is I would guess not exactly inside the knowledge meant part of the ground so but I'll I'll ask the ground yes I know please come just to say that curation is below the the peel the outer peel of knowledge management and there's a lot more if you like select selectivity and a little more rigor in in where Suzanne is headed the backbone of Suzanne is really the working group and you're one of the working group leads and these are networks and many of you are members of them but what we will be doing is actually turning those working groups into be much more active to be able to supply a kind of a fingerprint profile of what people's needs are we have the survey has told us about the demand side what a typical user could be a wastewater engineer it could be a doctor in a hospital in Delhi to find out why his patients I have AMR from all the antibiotics he's giving it's it's a very very specific capacity and in fact yesterday and a market meeting mentioned that we could be doing profiles for about 10 different kinds of personas 10 different kinds of market targets based on the users we have today and we will be if you like data warehousing what people are pulling out of of the literature from our system but also the many partners so it's a much more sophisticated supplied demand relationship on the knowledge the other one is this kind of thing the melting pot trying to pull people together to create new knowledge and new click new ideas and to share things and learn and that's the think tank side yes I think that's and and if you start at the sneak preview I'll go I'll go add another minute to it that the survey that that cast second reached 30,000 potentially 30,000 people and 2000 to 3000 answers came back so now with this you can actually say that who asked and what he and he answered as well I'm getting my knowledge like this and I like to talk like that so that actually you can ask you can make a profile of a persona and and we were developing that further that that a newcomer says that the more you tell us that who you are not on a personal but on an abstract level the more we can guide you to what you might need or what the other 500 who came what need and if we really have some funds available to make that in a professional way the more you tell us that from where you are at entering the website the more the website will be organized to according to your needs and if you feel that's a good way and that's useful for you then you might be ready to say okay I I want that the next one coming as well finds it useful so I'm ready to improve to give some information to make the persona more appropriate so there's a there was a whole world to it how to make that sort of according to the how to say to respect the privacy of the of the person coming but it it was an idea now coming out of the discussion we had yesterday that it might help us to organize information and it might help us to to come to the website and not be drowned in information but to say that here I am that's what I am and then the website sort of organizes if this is what you are then this is what the app upset can offer you but that's that that would be we have to discuss it it would be a bigger thing but it would would fit actually to my understanding to what Susanna is one more question and one these two and then we close it and then we hand over to Roland my question is how do you consider the other language than English or do you consider the various user that don't that doesn't use English yes first I asked Francois as well to to put this question and you need to look into the mic because of the there are five people in living rooms listening to us or maybe my question is mainly about sanitation we started Susanna with very much the semi ecological sanitation it has evolved as you explained and what is for this knowledge management on sanitation how far you're going into waste management solid waste liquid waste I don't know exactly so have you been how are you actually putting a scope to sanitation now for this knowledge management product okay so languages and scope maybe first scope it's with the presentation of Roland's that we are now not in the MDG era but in the SDG era and in the SDG area actually what we started 10 years ago with the working groups to say that sanitation and nutrition or emergencies or climate change so this is now formalized through the SDGs and and this is actually what's relevant for sanitation Zenzulato in the broad sense that's relevant for us and it's not top-down that we say it's relevant but it's more that we need people who do it if then the the maximum maximum sort of contradiction can see everybody finds it relevant but nobody's ready to do it that we have in a few cases as well but otherwise that's and that defines the scope and and to sort of to look at sanitation in really a broad in a broad sense languages some are the same answer we took and I'm happy for the for the people from Latin America we took the some Rio conference on in an urban context to say that that's back to back to a Susana meeting and we took that as an opportunity to translate some material in Spanish and Portuguese and we said that we can do the efforts anytime and we try to kickstart some activities as well in Spanish and so on then the next thing we had the newsletter for some time in French then depending on the subscription it was stopped because they were not too many subscribers it's sort of demand oriented another attempt is the regional chapters we're discussing to do something in the India chapter as well using Hindi so that so we're aware that we are not good in languages that we are too north to English and we try to go with the demand create some activities that allow us to go to more to other languages that's it on a very broad level is that fine others want to add the language yes we got information on languages a lot as well from that's from that yes but I will tell the joke first we ask we ask in English French and Spanish do we have problems with languages if we would have asked in Hindi Chinese dialect and some other languages do we have problems in African local language do we have problems with languages I think we would have got different results but please tell us that's really the answer to what came out of the survey is that it is a bit biased in the sense that the survey was only in those three languages and so therefore it wasn't necessarily that came out as a strong result yes but we had how many French answers how many Spanish answers out of two thousand and or three thousand out of about three thousand responses about 300 total so about 150 in French and in Spanish okay so 10% of the answers were in those languages and then also that those responses weren't necessarily from the the French speakers the Spanish speakers were not from regions where that was the local language there their practitioners in Asia and Africa etc yes and we have a huge sort of let's say governance problem we're ready to go to the regions we're ready good to go here to rewrite but we are not we're not an institution we're WSEC our we have representatives in hundreds some in so many countries we don't have we have a we have a lose network with a with a lose this is the plenary meeting it's relevant what you say we have a courtroom it's but that's it there is there's no top-down thing so it's an invitation to all of you to think about how this can be useful for your work and then then Susanna can follow but that's how we work and I think this is we can close this here and I invite Roland here I could take a half a day to introduce you Roland I think yes we are so many people admire you I'm one of them we have started about a year ago two years ago well when we saw that this this STG is are coming it was quite clear that we were MDG oriented now we should be STG oriented thanks to the group of a few people who then started to look at the vision document and look at the interlinkages that what does it mean for us and so that's actually a big moment should we is this the launching moment now so then let us launch together or do it at the end no we do it now we are launching the 2030 vision document yeah that's it okay can I go back yes we saved some time that was a very intelligent thanks very much well I if it takes a half an hour to introduce me that's a bad sign actually anyway so I think many of you know me and I know many of you and I'm very happy to see so many familiar faces anyway the launch of this vision document let me start how does that go here where do I where do I press okay so let me say first a few words why it was decided to write a new vision document as it was mentioned before by Arne actually the first vision document was written in 207 in the eve of the when when Susanna was created in the of the year of sanitation and in the middle time between of the of the MDG period and actually at the core of that vision document was the definition of sustainability in in sanitation that was really the core now as you all know in almost exactly two years ago the SDGs were adopted by the UN member states and the 23rd agenda for sustainable development including the 17 SDGs including one dedicated goal on water and sanitation we white we fight it for a long time and successfully so as you know in the MDGs sanitation was just one of the sub targets in the in in one of the in the sustainability sustainability MDG so that was really the motivation that we said we have to write a new vision document replacing this this old one and as you know as you also know there are really some major changes between the MDGs and the SDGs just very briefly of course SDGs are more comprehensive they are interlink they are incorporating all dimensions of sustainability not new for Susanna but very different from the NDGs universality SDGs are universally applicable to all countries not just to developing and transition countries and of course much more ambitious and one of the main points not leaving anybody behind so of course we asked ourselves what does that mean now for Susanna well first of all the good news is Susanna doesn't have to catch up with the SDGs it's the other way around actually the SDGs we are catching up with Susanna because all these sustainability criteria which are now in the SDGs we have been talking about since 2007 and and so it's it's we are have been very much with the underlying philosophy of the new SDGs now of course we have continuing challenges and fortunately because of the profile of sanitation has been increased quite tremendously during the MDG period I think it's no more Susanna's main role to lobbying but it's much more a facilitating role and I think the Gates Foundation grant is now a great opportunity to to find out how this can be done in a very in a in an efficient way I think one thing which is also which we really want to continue focusing it's not new continuing focusing that highlight the need for a systems approach that we look at the entire sanitation system and this case very nicely visualized in with this figure that the MDGs we're really looking at the access part Susanna has always been looking at the entire system but now SDGs the target six two six three are really looking at the entire system extremely important but of course we have also new challenges so we asked ourselves in the new vision how shall we respond to leave no one behind so it basically means for Susanna we really have to provide more focus on the hardest to reach and the most vulnerable very difficult but I think we have to approach that how do we respond to your universality do we now deal with the whole world with the developed countries as well as with the developing countries well we said no we will still focusing on the law and law middle-income countries but we are aware of the new developments in the highly developed countries about alternatives and use them as showcase to conventional wastewater systems I think this is important especially also for people in developing countries always tell me why are you telling us to do something different than you have been doing now for for for so long so I always tell them look we are looking at alternatives ourselves so that I think is important and I think if you look at the world today there is really you know with a whole refugee situation there is a really big need to improve the cooperation between humanitarian and development actors I mean so many of these refugee camps are unfortunately becoming permanent institutions basically and I can tell you that you know I was mentioned before that STC is funding Mina chapter of Susanna I can tell you that's the motivation of STC to to to fund this may not chapter because of the refugee situation in the Middle East that is that's why it's worth relatively easy to to get these resources from the STC and I think it's also important that we provide orientation and guidance at the country level especially setting national priorities and translating global if you have global sanitation targets but we have to translate them into local conditions this is very very important also universal doesn't mean the same solution for everybody this is so I think we we should help people at that at the national level to to put these how to put these priorities and how to translate these global international targets and then I think also emerging is more technical assistance in developing methodologies and designing monitoring structure at country levels so we will I think we will hear a bit more later if Graham is here I didn't see him but anyway I think next to these new challenges I think and personally that is really I think this is the the big new opportunity that we have with a change from the MDGs to the SDGs because there are so many linkages between sanitation and all the other SDGs so this is a great opportunity to finally reach out and cooperate with other sectors of course mainly with the targets of with the other targets of SDG6 but also with the with some sanitation relevant targets of of the other SDGs actually most of the SDGs have a very close link to sanitation in the vision document we could only sort of highlight some of these interlinkages and but in parallel to the vision document we actually produced an interlinkage to an interlinkages document where we are actually outlining or talking much more in detail what the interlinkages are and what the opportunities and the challenges are and I with that I would like to hand over to Elizabeth oh here she is Elizabeth Kvarnström she will talk now a little bit out about this interlinkages document now Elizabeth you were not here when we all introduced ourselves for would you like to do that now now it's been pointed out twice I was late but Arne did it intentionally anyway my name is Elizabeth Kvarnström and I work for research institutes of Sweden my name is Elizabeth okay it's not problem with the mic it's more my voice right okay my name yeah I don't think it work I mean it's not it's exactly I just began Elizabeth Kvarnström I work for research institutes of Sweden and I've had the absolutely great pleasure of being involved in the work with the vision document with Roland who I am in the fan club as well and with Patrick Bracken and with the GTZ team and with Kim and it's been fantastic so as Roland said in the work with the vision document we we we worked also on the interlinkages and it's really exciting because we in the sector we all I mean if you're working with sustainable sanitation it's clear to all of us in here that there are a lot of it interlinkages but what we've tried to do I mean what we did when we worked with the vision document was to to try and systematize it in a way and it started off as an internal document to more kind of see where the different working groups could work with different SDG targets but then we we realized that this is this could be really an important thing to also for people outside Susanna so we decided to make a standalone document or product of it and so it's it's maybe not the most exciting thing to read because it's basically a table of is it here no no I think Cecilia has copies anyway no no just yeah so it's a it's a it's a long document of maybe 20 pages with a table where we're kind of showing the relevant SDG targets per goal and the links to sustainable sanitation and opportunities and challenges so it's not so exciting to read from from the beginning to the end but I think it's really really useful and the fact is and it when you go through it if you go through all of the 169 targets of the SDGs we can see that 49 of them as far as we could see are relevant to sustainable sanitation there's a clear link so we have that listed in the table and then we've tried to articulate those links with references so this could be this is a first attempt I mean we could one could do much more one could go more into research and really make this a good reference document but this is at least start so you have arguments and you have a little reference so you can go and look at the reference if you want and then the last is the opportunity and challenges and the and this the opportunities opportunities can be challenges and the other way around so a challenge could be an inspiration for where we need to work and an opportunity is something to catch on to of course yeah so it can be useful as a source within the sector for inspiration for work the opportunities and challenges for example and also for advocacy for for sustainable January sanitation in general by the links to two other targets and also of course as an inspiration for our sector to reach out and work with the other sectors and this is just you can't read this probably but just this is just to show how it looks like with the targets on one end the little piece of text and then you can see that we try to have reference there so this is what we don't if this isn't draft form now so but hopefully soon it's gonna be finished in the first version thank you okay thank you very much Elizabeth now before we come to questions actually sorry the first version is there no yeah yeah I think they are actually see so you can have another sneak preview and and maybe that's why don't the two of you celebrate an answer to seal it because you both were in the we just hold it into the camera and smile okay so we announced okay anyway I forgot to say they are of course a copies of the vision document and now also of the interlinkages document I think they came now so there should be enough copies for for everybody so thanks very much for that a little bit now before we come to questions we want to get some voices actually now from these other sectors and I'm very happy to that I can now call upon several people the first is paid rexel from EMI and she he will give us some reflection on the interlinkages between sanitation sorry waste management and especially agriculture please pay well if you want to be seen in the camera then you have to come to the front that's that's my answer so where am I allowed to stay that I don't take perfect pain yeah thanks so I understand that my role is to represent one of these sectors or one of the SDGs which is not number six so I'm representing an agricultural research Institute so our mandate of course is to contribute to SDG to and but I must say that we have in our Institute actually three big programs and one program is on rural or linkages and this program looks a lot at resource recovery and reuse so that's our entry and I like very much what you said Roland said the SDGs have to or now are finally catching up with Susanna because they are adopting more and more compared especially under six systems approach looking along the whole sanitation service saying a less emphasis only on the provision of toilets and this is what made Susanna strong and that is actually what I left in the first vision what I love again in the new vision that is the systems perspective that is what allows Roland here today to call me here and then to call later on Tilo someone who presents the one and maybe of the sanitation chain more around the toilets and we had the other end is agricultural reuse sector and this looking along the chain I think this is very very important and that might be unique for Susanna and where Susanna can provide an added value recently we analyzed the business models the business models which are mostly at the toilet side the business models which go over to the collection those which extend to treatment or those which goes and also to the reuse component or which start at the other end so we are coming more from the reuse side and it was very interesting to compare these different business models and to see also where we have gaps because in real life also we all cherish the sanitation service chain in real life there are many gaps still and just to give you I don't know how much time I actually have but to give you just one example I'm living now in Sri Lanka where we have the Emmy headquarters and Sri Lanka's 115 compost stations there was once a big big big push and you can say no 115 compost station yeah but governmental supported there's still money for them it's great so there must be a lot of compost used no compost station doesn't mean compost used not at all yeah so and and that are these gaps they are producing compost to reduce the waste volume there and these stations no one who understands agricultural sector that was not the design the design was mostly getting subsidies reducing the volume to understanding actually how to market the compost to will buy it etc. that's a totally different story so there are still gaps in these in these concepts gaps which we have to address and gaps where we see solutions out there like in India this fantastic regulations that when you want to sell commercial compost you also have to sell some city compost it makes it now much easier because now the commercial compost suppliers go out to the compost stations compost stations which normally have big challenges exploring the agricultural market now suddenly someone has actually to come to them or in Ghana where we helped and managed that fertilizer subsidies extended to waste compost so also waste based compost has now the fertilizer subsidies and so that are these steps the right solutions where we can break those barriers which are still between the different steps of the sanitation service chain to make it working and that's it thank you very much thank you very much and I really hope that I mean you have been working on these linkages for a long time but I hope that in the future we can excite more people in the agriculture sector to to be excited about sanitation but that's up to us to to do that now I would like to call up on I think Graham I didn't see huh it's not here so then Bella Montse from Gizat she will talk about the interlinkages between actually to to the education sector isn't it so please yes hi I'm Bella Montse I'm working in the education sector and basically I came originally from the health sector it's also interesting I'm my profession is I'm a dentist my it was my task to work with the Philippine government to improve oral health in children because children have to decay from ear to ear and there was a question what can be done using the school system because there's no money in the healthcare system and we were using the school system to start with daily tooth brushing but to do daily tooth brushing you would need water and you would need washing facilities and at that time it was also quite difficult to get so much attention for that that was the time of H1N1 and all over there was the hand washing everybody was propagating hand washing and so hand washing and tooth brushing were linked to each other that was also even a bit new in the healthcare sector to easily link that to a hygiene package but a hygiene package itself needs also as you see here needs facilities needs toilets needs needs these infrastructure in order to carry out activities and that needs again needs a whole system within the education sector to carry that out because it's not just that there is infrastructure or that you plan to do some activities you need regular you need routines you need planning budgeting you need the parents you need a monitoring system all of that is something you have in order to have a functional hygiene program in schools you need really the institutional set up you need a yeah and up you need that the institutions further develop so it's something embedded in an in the institutional setting and just to say therefore wash in schools program can never be just coming from the wash sector and has to be embedded in the education sector with the education sector in the lead but of course the wash sector is so much needed to bring in information and the expertise because the education people are not experts and has to be make very easy understandable for the people in the education sector to manage wash so the management of washes in the education sector thank you thank you very much thank you very much by the way I think it is planned to tomorrow in the core group meeting that we are really discussing have a really first discussion also about putting now these ideas of the vision document the interlinkages document into action what it actually means and who could do what what the working group could do so to have this type of discussion now of course there is a very close link between between sanitation and nutrition and I'm very happy now to call up on to Tilo to introduce the the document wash and nutrition please I'll just grab the microphone to call on my colleague Yona to maybe come to the front and introduce it giving her credit as it's her publication and so I'm happy to announce Yona who in Susanna is one of the co-leads at present for the wash nutrition working group so Yona thanks Tilo hi everybody too many things to grab here so this is the document that I'll be talking about and it's the magic formula two plus six equals 17 the magic formula for achieving the STG's well thing is thing is that those people suffering from under nutrition are often the same people who lack access to adequate wash services and since wash and nutrition are both basic services and both human rights and this is an important point when we talk about achieving how we want to achieve the STG's and also to leave no one behind but yes wash and nutrition are also different and oversimplified that means that wash originally comes more from the hardware focus with that from the hardware perspective so now slowly including well not slowly also quickly now including soft components but hardware component hardware indicators are also those measured in the STG's it's different for nutrition so nutrition aims to improve health and nutrition outcomes but nutrition also achieving nutrition goals also relies on other sectors so it comes more from the software side so from hide from the hygiene direction and this publication is exactly for this purpose purpose it's creating understanding between both people working in both both areas and shed light on challenges and also based on a survey makes recommendations how to overcome those challenges that's it this is really a nice now really practical step already for for showing this interlinkages and how to to to optimize them so thanks very much for that now I think we have a little bit of time for questions yes yes we have a little bit of time for questions comments to what you have heard now in this in this session please yes thank you Olivier from cost my question really relates to the fact that as mentioned earlier on that the the STG's are very ambitious and and some may argue unrealistic in terms of the the targets by I guess 12 and a half years from now so what are we doing to as as Suzanne as more and more are going to be looking at Suzanne who's now really well known and in sanitation and say what can we do and how can we avoid the some of the fast-tracking or the the mistakes in taking shortcuts in sustainable solutions or solutions that will last some of the lessons that I think the water sector learned a lot in the 80s and 90s and not just come in with quick solutions because we've got to reach those targets and the governments are going to get pressure for targets implementers are getting pressure for reaching those numbers rather than reaching sustainable solutions so I guess my question is what is Susanne and its membership doing to support doing the right solution right versus just going for targets well that's a very easy question isn't it I think that's a question we are asking ourselves we are since we are exist actually that's no not not new but maybe we have some reaction to this Stefan my point would be rather than wait another three years in order to find the ideal solution how to prevent from those mistakes to happen be there and fail quickly and learn quickly right so I don't think we can prevent failure from happening but this failure could result into reluctance and dismissal of the solutions in the political arena so this is where Susanne is needed in order to take up the excellent opportunities for learning because in fact we we learn more quickly from catastrophes like the big Rhine River catastrophe or other big cholera outbreaks then from best practice thank you well thanks I just would like to underline that that's also I think we and I think it that's really a little bit of a mindset too that I know it's very difficult to talk about failures because everybody wants to do the great jobs but like you said I think we learn more about failure and it's not you know as a researcher I can tell you and a negative so-called the reason is not a bad result as long as you know why and you learn out of it don't make the same mistake twice and I think Susanne I think that's all what Susanne is about to learn from each other and just before Stefan told me we have a big problem to get resources to to to learn and to to get that across the other people and this is sad if we don't have these resources I know a lot of resources go now to the refugee situation as I told you before that I what I know about the the the development agencies that's where all the money goes now or most of the money but I think this is we really have to be careful and I think we have to see what can Susanne can support this really linkage and and this learning and might be again let's also talk about failures we had two plus six is 17 so two is nutrition that was it this mathematics you know is it too but two wasn't that as well agriculture yes the no hunger goal so that came from from pie and it came from you and we had four that was Bella that four is the education where even indicators are there so actually my answer to that that that what is it three with health but my answer to the question is that these are examples we're working groups since two years three years or a couple of years are actually working on the merging of the the now since two years goal and another goal so we are is it it's off so yes but as this screen is off I'm allowed to stay and I think we are not sort of that's what we should we're not others might start now we are looking into the network where what we started ten years ago was fruitful it was fruitful according to the principles that it should not be a top down you have to do but it is a synergy between a Susanna partner and a partner from another sector where both say this is a synergy if we are doing it together it's better so actually I think we should learn from these examples we have now over the last ten years try to understand them and then we don't have the answer but maybe we can contribute to the answer how to then as well have sustainability beyond sanitation that would be my answer other other comments questions Stefan I mean the target now should not be to fail right so the other part of your your question I would like to to add a quote from Chris Buckley he said half a year of field work can save you one morning in the library so replicating and I think this was your question right instead of replicating and then after half a year finding out all that doesn't work trying to find and make use of our resources and linkages in order to have exposure visits learn from failures or practice in other areas have south house personal linkages people meeting exchanging engaging before taking that decision I think that's very valuable to answers here I saw her hand first just under underlining what Stefan says it's absolutely the exchange platforms that's not just a library and publications where you where you find articles no it's exactly also the network and linking people and really creating possibilities to learn from each other and I think that's really happening with Susan and that's the core value and the question is how to make that even better and therefore I think specifically with this entire online possibilities of exchanging that makes it's much more easy now to do that we need a very very good platform where that can happen and I think there's much room for improving this because also you can see all over the world now people have access to internet so it's so fast some countries are really taking so many steps they don't they don't go for landlines anymore they immediately go to cell phones so whole generations of technologies that they just do the next step immediately so I think that will help a lot okay Diane as the last question well Roland makes the point that we can learn from our failures and we should be writing those up then when you said the morning in the library well I spent the morning in the library and everything I found was just wonderful about the sanitation world when I was writing my first grant and actually took six months in the field to make the same mistakes that once I talked to people they had already made but they didn't write it up and so I think we need an effort within our community to legitimize failure as success or to somehow legitimize the importance of talking about what we learned and documenting it and we're all vulnerable to what the person gave us the grant might think we got to get over it because that I really felt like I wasted my time by going to the library for that half day sorry okay there's one where it seems to be very urgent yes okay one small follow-up and then everybody is allowed to talk there is somebody or an organization that have actually systematized failures in sanitation sector they're called improve international you should check out what did they do they have really written up projects that failed and why they failed and stuff like that improve international improve international so thank you thank you to Roland and the team and to our launches and now we are not you won't get as I announced you won't get lunch if you don't are fast with a group photo but that actually is Madeleine or Arno that the SCI is helping us with that so go out and look for guidance thank you for this morning it's okay Kim so that it's again downstairs and looking in that direction okay and we're back here it seems at one o'clock enjoy your lunch and thanks for now I Yeah... I am the favorite. I know her. I know her. I know her. I can not put her... I don't have the name. Yeah, maybe. I know her. Ask it, I know her. I know her. I know Jay. You can take Jay. I know her. Yeah, but you can introduce him, and then you can do the rest of it. Yeah, I can take the glass for you. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Good. Thank you. That's a good one. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. I think it's okay. We are scaling up, huh? Yeah. And Doreen is chairing. Are you chairing Doreen together? Because Ada is not there. So it's your show alone? Okay, you are helping. Very good. Should I whistle? I think we can hurt the kettle inside now. Okay. Yeah, sure. Okay. Sorry. So we need to have something over there. Yeah, you will stand here. And you will stand there. Yes. Don't go to that side. If at some point, if you don't need to move around, like you see your example, you put off the same pressing B. B. Yeah, B. You see now there's nothing. So there's no light reflecting. And then if you want, I mean, there's a light here. And I'll be sitting there. And then if you want to put it on again, you press B. Also, it's so nice to see people from your email. We haven't met before, but you made me. Oh, okay. You usually sit together. You are the usual prospect. I've seen all of your posts. I'm much taller than all of you. Okay, go ahead. He's with the SDC. Yeah. Quite soon. Please take a seat. Okay. Okay. But pretty is there. He can't sit there. So take a seat. I'm doing nothing. I'm just sitting there. Okay. Okay. Okay. I think everybody is here now. Please take a seat if you haven't. Okay. I'm just going to go ahead. Yes, of course. Okay. As a kind of being a little bit of a hostess here, I apologize for the people that has not yet received food, but it happens that many of you actually didn't sign up in time. So that's why. And unfortunately, people who did sign up in time are the ones who did not get the food. But we have food coming in, and it will be served to these people. So apologies for that. I promise from a very start that we would be very cozy and crammed all these sessions. And I always keep my promises. So let's continue that way. Thank you, Doreen. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, Madeleine. Before we begin with session two, I see a couple of new faces. So I would like to call upon the new faces to briefly introduce themselves, which organization they work for, and where you've heard about Susanna, and how long you've known about Susanna. That would be interesting for us to know. So I see here the CEO. Good afternoon, everyone. My name is Ismael Chahier. I'm the CEO, Water Sector Trust Fund Kenya. And I think I'm not new to Susanna. So I've been here for the last three years now. So I feel like part of the family. Thank you. My name is Marc-André Bunsli, and I'm working with the Swiss Development Corporation. To the mic. To the mic. Did you hear? No. So my name is Marc-André Bunsli. I'm with SDC, the Human Aid Branch. My name is Vishwanath. I'm with the Biome Trust from Bangalore in India. Thank you. I see you didn't introduce yourself in the morning. You're targeting me. Yes. My name is Chris Tuerberg from A.L.A.G., Switzerland. Hi. My name is Michael Kopak from Tsevas and also with Susanna since the beginning. Good afternoon, everyone. I'm Chetali from WSSEC. I manage the monitoring and the evaluation portfolio. I'll be making a presentation very soon. Thanks. And I'm Rosemary Nakagwa from Uganda GIZ. Not so familiar with Susanna, but not so old again. Not so new. My name is Astrid Michaels. I'm with the GIZ, and I'm going to give a brief presentation on sanitation and climate change. And call it Working Group 3. Thank you, Cecilia. Hi, yeah. I'm Martin Gamble from the World Bank. And what were your questions? Maybe you are. I said that bit. For longer than I can remember, and I don't know how I found out. Because you're everywhere, I think. Thank you. Welcome. Hello. Oh, okay. It doesn't say... Is it on? Oh. Ah. Hello. I'm Ina from Wash United. Since when do you know Susanna? No. 40 years. Good afternoon. My name is Antoinette Goma from SNV. And I think I know Susanna from 2008 in Manila. I think. I'm not sure. Maybe... Welcome. Did you introduce anybody else who didn't get a chance to introduce themselves? But I was introduced. So my name is Iona Tertzke. I work with GTO, a German toilet organization. I know Susanna since 2015. Okay. Great. Okay. Hello, everyone. Ivan, this is my name from Uganda. I'll be making a presentation later on. And I've known Susanna for three years now. I think we have everybody. Great. So, we shall begin now. This session is focusing on scaling up sanitation. We're very excited about this session. It has quite a number of diverse countries being represented. And I'm very honored to call upon the first presenter, Stella Waruwe. Welcome. Stella is the acting manager of the Urban Investment Program at the Water Sector Trust Fund. And you are involved in scaling up the APSA program, correct? Yes. Okay. Welcome. Okay. Thank you, Doreen. Good afternoon, everyone. I'm supposed to be presenting on the update of the APSA program. But because my CEO is here, I'm not supposed actually to... I'm supposed to give him a chance to speak a little bit about the trust fund and then I'll come in for the upscaling basic sanitation. Welcome, Mr. Shai. Thank you so much. I think, Stella, this is your show. And because I'm here, I just thought that I should give the overall picture. Just like any other CEO will do in that situation. So allow me... We can go to the next. Just to present the institutional framework or the legal framework on why we are doing what we are doing and how now we can connect the dots to what Stella is going to present. How we work in our country in Kenya, for example. Last year I was here, I talked about the law Water Act 2016 that was being cooked by our parliamentarians. The food is ready. Now we are actually implementing the Water Act 2016. So how does it work? It actually provides... Divided the country into 47 counties through our constitution. It recognizes that by saying that our ministry role will only be to do policy formulation. No other business. You come to national agencies like us, now Water Sector Transfer now there. Our job is now to fund the water sector in Kenya. You have the regulator, Water Service Regulatory Board that also sets the price for all the water companies. And also Water Service Authority that they did not put here right now. It was unnecessary. The service providers down at the bottom, the consumers. This is how currently we are operating as a country. We come from the Water Act 2002 which informed the Water Act 2016. The jury is out there how we are going to perform, but for now this is what we are going to implement as a country. So let me devolve back to Water Sector Transfer Trust Fund and what we are doing with as a funding institution. So our role as a fund with a state corporation mandated to finance the water services in the country for both the underserved and the marginalized communities in the country. I always say that as a fund, Water Sector Trust Fund, that trust that you see up there, 90% of our funding comes from the donors. Hopefully that's going to change when negotiating with the government so that they can have 50-50 for sustainability. But the day we lose that trust, that trust up there, I know they didn't mean it, but the day we lose that trust, we are gone as an institution. So that is why the framework that I just discussed is very important to know how you give out money, how you follow that money, all the way up to finishing the activity. So these are Sushi Meni, WSF investment. That's why I don't call it project, it's an investment. If you're dealing with fund, it's not project anymore. Project is so abstract. But if you call it an investment, you feel like, ah, that's my money in my account. So that is why we call it investment. So in every investment here, we do both water infrastructure and sanitation and also water resource. From the water resource aspect, I mean, if you open a tap, follow the top to the top. So we make sure that we invest in all that stream. So in urban, and that's where Stella will come in to present to you UPSAP as one of the activities that we are doing is also has both water supply going to the last mile in urban areas, but also sanitation. Water resource, and we are going to change this because of the issue of climate change right now and how it's affecting the water sector. So we're looking at how we can incorporate climate change lens into our water resource. This is now where we are moving as a country, result-based financing. We have over 110 water service providers, water companies or water utilities, you will call them. If you have a good credit and you know that you can take a loan from a bank, I will give you as trust fund a subsidy. So for the first time in Africa, we gave a water company 89 million. They came up with a bankable proposal, a bankable project. We gave them the money, I think it was 89 million that they were funded by a bank. They only used 78. And when I asked the MD of the water company, how come you do not finish the whole 89 million? He said it was a loan. That tells you, that is where we need to go. As a country, I think we're going very far with it. We can see the results already and that's why we're expanding right now. We are working with the Dutch government. We are coming up with the Kenya Water Pool Fund where we are asking Kenyans to raise bonds for water and actually the government of Kenya has already put in 500 million and we can see the promise of achieving that goal. So with that, I don't want to... That's now the overall picture of a trust fund and the Kenyan government at large from the water sector. I will come back to my sushi menu, urban investment. Last year when I was here, we presented myself and Doreen. We presented about Apsap and allow me now to ask my manager who is the acting manager for Apsap to present where we are with Apsap because it is our vision 30, one of our vision 30 flagship project, Karibu Stella. Thank you so much. Thank you, Mr. CEO. I'm going to proceed with the Apsap presentation and I'm sure many of you are wondering what Apsap, especially the new people to Susanna, they are wondering what Apsap means and it means upscaling basic sanitation for the urban poor and the objective of Apsap is to improve the living conditions by offering sustainable sanitation to the residents of low income areas in Kenya who are about two, we have two thousand low income areas in Kenya. So those are the areas that we have to deal with in the Apsap program. The Apsap program is a seven year program that began in 2011 and is currently continuing until next year. We have been given 16.9 million US dollars which is coming from the gate foundation and also from the German ministry through the KFW or the German bank. It's financed through the water sector trust fund, like our CEO said we are given the money and then we work with the water services providers or the utilities to be able to implement the project. The program actually works through the having the whole sanitation value chain where we have to do the capturing of the waste, the emptying, the transportation, the treatment and the reuse of the disposal of waste. Right now we are going to show you a short video which is showing how Apsap is working. It will show you the pictures of what we are already doing as the fund and after that we'll have some questions. Kenya has a population of approximately 46 million people with an urban population of 25% and an annual urban growth of 4.2%. From this urban population, 33% still live below the poverty line. Investment in network infrastructure is failing to keep up with the growing demand in urban areas generating a large sanitation infrastructure and services deficit. Petal atreans and septic tanks are often constructed below standards. Connection rates to sewers is low therefore removal of the faecal sludge is to be done mechanically through the service of a private vacuum tanker however households in low income areas often have to resort to unregulated manual emptying. Since treatment facilities are scarce, the faecal sludge usually ends up in rivers, lakes or bushes. The constitution of Kenya 2010 lays down the framework for development of the sanitation sector which guarantee the right of every person to reasonable standards of sanitation and a clean and healthy environment. This is put into practice through a strong institutional structure where mandates and responsibilities are clearly defined. Policy formulation and regulation are addressed at a national level whereas service provision is handled by the counties through regulated water utilities called water service providers. The Water Sector Trust Fund is a state corporation which supports the water service providers by financing the development and management of water and sanitation services in the underserved areas. We have a growing population urban dwellers that has a bigger population and is growing very fast. The role that Trust Fund plays is to look at those areas and make sure that as we are growing on the other side we also don't leave behind these areas. The Water Sector Trust Fund initiated a nationwide intervention to improve access to household sanitation in low income urban areas through a program called ABSA, Ab Scaling Basic Sanitation for the Urban Poor. The program is based on a scaling up approach and covers the entire sanitation service chain from toilet to treatment. This is how the ABSA concept operates. Through effective social marketing from the water service provider, residents of low income areas are encouraged to invest in sanitation by funding the construction of their own improved toilet and septic tank. When the toilet is completed, the staff from the water utility inspects the infrastructure to ensure that it complies with the required construction standards. Once it has been approved, the owner of the toilet receives from the water utility a post construction incentive which represents approximately 50% of the construction cost. When the toilet is completed, the staff from the water utility post construction incentive which represents approximately 50% of the construction cost. When the toilet is completed, the staff from the water utility post construction incentive Okay, sorry about that. I think I'll just continue. And we are currently building the household toilets where we give the funds to the water service providers and then they identify the land loans who are supposed to build these toilets. And for the subsidy, actually the incentive we give it after they have already built the toilet. They have to show that they have built these toilets according to the standards so that we are able to give them the subsidy that meets part of the money that you're supposed to raise for the toilets. Then after that we also have the decentralized treatment facilities. This is where they're supposed to take the waste from the toilet for treatment. And currently we have 13 decentralized treatment facilities and we are hoping that you're going to upscale this country wind. The program is already country wind but we've not reached all the counties in Kenya. We have 47 counties but currently for the decentralized treatment facilities, we're only doing them in 13 counties and we are hoping that with time and also with the availability of funds we'll be able to do all the DTFs within the counties. We have also the social animators who are supposed to actually help us market the program and also talk to the land loans about the ABSAP program who are actually employed by the water services providers. Then currently the ones that are working and operational, we have seven of them out of the 13 so the other six are actually ongoing. I think that's the end of my presentation. Any question? Yes. We also have a case study that we'll be doing on Monday and on Wednesdays. Yes, thank you for the correction. We have a case study that we have and we can actually distribute. We have them at our booth that is in number 43 just near the Susana booth at the Stockholm Water Week and then we're also having a showcase where we are enravelling the Magikube which is the one that is here and we are doing this on Monday. It's 14 hours to 15.30 room NL 353. We are also having a seminar on the smart solutions in water and waste management for liveable cities, reuse, or re-entered because land management in Kenya. This will happen on Wednesday at 11 to 12.30 room FH 202. You are all welcome. I will be able to tell you more about the upscaling of the basic sanitation. Thank you. Thank you very much Stella. And concerning the little video we will try to figure it out and fix it and maybe during the break some of you who are interested can come back to the room and finish the video. So now just two questions. 400,000 people or beneficiaries by the end of 2018. Last year I seem to remember you were about 70,000. So any update on those numbers? Thank you. My question is regarding the beneficiaries. Which part of the beneficiaries are the poorest part of the populations? Because we know that for the poorest it's always difficult to pre-finance an investment. Okay maybe I can begin with those questions. The first one about the beneficiaries. At the moment we have 122,000 people who have been reached and it's going to mention that initially when we were beginning the program we had some challenges. Before it could pick up we really actually had to do a lot of marketing and right now it has actually picked up and we're hoping by the end of 2018 we have already reached the 400,000. Then about the reaching of the poor of the poor. Actually here we have a website that is called the Magidata where we were able to map all the low income areas within Kenya and we have actually used the water utilities to be able to venture in into these low income areas which are already known because they're already mapped up in Magidata and actually you can visit the Magidata to be able to see them. Thank you. Okay perfect. Thank you very much again to the Kenya team for this very interesting presentation. I think we'll just go ahead to the second presentation. We still remain in East Africa. Pritt and Ivan will be presenting to us. Ivan is the economist with the water and environmental sector liaison department of the Ministry of Water and Environment in Uganda and Pritt is an independent consultant working in the field of urban sanitation planning. I believe you all know him so I'd like to welcome you and please. Thank you. Thank you Doreen. Good afternoon everyone. Ivan and I will share this presentation partly. Just to give you a very brief understanding we have a lot of information there and it's unfortunate that time is short so I've put all the unwanted slides down so if you have any questions and I'm not able to give you a clear picture of what we are doing please get back to me after the session and I'm happy to explain more things to you. As in any other small town or the situation in Uganda is quite similar to the other East African countries we have an institutional fragmentation both at the national as well as the local level unclear mandates and weak coordination between actors local governments ministries utilities cost of toilets and especially in small towns is unreasonably high and this is what we realized you have a range of between 500 USD to 1300 and it even goes higher and there are certain reasons market and non-market barriers for this cost of toilets to be so high but I will not be discussing and not be going into details with that. Picking on Kristoff's idea on income levels what we realize is almost 60% of the population have an income range of 0.50 dollar to 1.25 dollars a day and this is a major population we are talking about. I'm not talking about bigger towns we are talking about towns which are smaller 15 range of say 10 to 50,000 that's the range we are talking and the problems and complexities are even much higher than in a larger town so this is the range of income what we are talking about in these towns. As in any other case online pits are a big big issue small towns are growing very rapidly the population growth rate is anything between 3 and 5% and the issues related to lack of land of sinking new pits and so on and so forth but also groundwater pollution. FSM market is non-existing partly because emptyable sanitation systems don't exist. I have a landscape that I have shifted down but if you want to know and have an idea about what a small town sanitation landscape looks like I can explain that later on. So the non-emptyable toilets are almost 80 to 85% of the technology that exists in a small town in Uganda. So a bit on the background of what we done it was a town sanitation planning project mostly the evolved around developing capacities of town councils it was a project by GIZ and USAID co-funded together and the whole aim was making town sanitation planning as a basis for improving coordination and prioritizing investments in small towns. We chose six small towns small to medium towns in northern Uganda and the whole idea was to get the local stakeholders the ministry involved in developing the town sanitation plan so it was not a consultant driven master plan but rather a strategic plan which was a bit more participatory and inclusive. Project started in 2014 will end in 2017 September so it's work in progress and this is what we are presenting. So the upscaling strategy we realized that the town sanitation planning as such in six towns worked quite well we had some successes we had some challenges but we tried to move ahead with that and come up with an upscaling strategy for developing town sanitation plans at a national level and obviously just making town sanitation plans is not going to help you need financing attached to that and so we split that up into two so part A is the strategy for upscaling town sanitation planning in Uganda and B is the financing. So we have very good knowledge on and piloting about the part A but part B we haven't done so far and this is still a concept phase that is still with the ministry and we're discussing different options. Part A was basically WSTF that's the Water and Sanitation Development Facility it's the implementation implementing wing of the Ministry of Water and Environment and they spearhead and institutionalize the town sanitation approach within their structure that was the first thing that we proposed. Make it mandatory to have town sanitation plans for access to investment not only in the sanitation but the water and sanitation sector so if you have a water supply scheme it has to have a sanitation component otherwise it doesn't get funded. Building internal capacities of the Ministry to Propagate the approach is what we identified and also building capacities of external agencies like town councils, local consultants, local masons, XYZ is also a part of this TSP development program. In general this is the entire process of upscaling town sanitation planning at a national level. We identified a couple of processes that are required to do so. I will not get into the details because I'm short on time but in generally we have the steering processes and the auxiliary processes as well as the core process in between. What I want to highlight is we have developed we have put it up into different phases so the first phase we wanted to develop 21 TSPs or 20. We have four regional water and sanitation development facilities each of them take five, pilot them, learn from it and then go on for the 91 and 177 in the second and third phase. Yeah as I said and after that is done we're going for the implementation of the town sanitation plans in selected towns that is more or less the approach we have. Now part B of the financing strategy. As I said there is a need to promote lined pits for safe containment and to support fecal sludge management in small towns. 70% of the population in urban areas need financial support to improve the situation and obviously the need for subsidy comes in because of low income income groups that exist. And to complete the entire sanitation change we also require funding for emptying and fecal sludge management facilities. Now just looking at the households our idea around the whole financing bit was the household builds just the superstructure part of it or either self-financed or if possible via loans. The superstructure can vary according to their affordability so we identified three different types of superstructures that could go for and the cost will vary between USD 100 and 250 which is at an interest rate of 2% per month they will take three years to repay that loan for the superstructure. And they would work closely with MFIs and SACOs. SACOs is an organization that provides loans, small loans for sanitation and other agricultural products in Uganda. And what we realized that we wanted a state subsidy for the substructure to make the containment as a contained system underneath. The next slide shows more or less what I mean. So if that is the toilet, the pitlet ream, the one below is actually the substructure that is subsidized by the state that's 1.5 million Uganda shillings. And the top of it is the superstructure. You have three different designs and that would vary according to the affordability of the households. So this is more or less our basic principle behind it. Strategy for pit emptying and pit emptying services and sludge drying bed. We are thinking of a clustered approach because the economies of scale are not there in small towns. So if you consider a range of say 50 to 60 kilometers you can have, the idea is to have one frequent sludge management system for a cluster of five to six towns. And the entire cost of this comes to around USD 250,000 including three cesspool trucks and a 2.6 acre land for the sludge drying bed. The capex of course has to be funded by the ministry and donors and if you consider the entire chain, USD 60 is the cost per capita to have a functioning frequent sludge management system just cutting across the superstructure of the toilet. So this is the figure that we come across USD 60. What it basically means is we work with six towns and if you consider the cost of the toilet including the capex for emptying as well as treatment, the entire amount for 60,000 people comes to USD 3.5 million for 60,000 people. Now this is a fraction of what we spend on sewer systems and in general this is what we realized that with just 3.5 million dollars we could hit 60,000 people with proper functioning FSM. I won't go into the details, I see Doreen is making big eyes at me but this is generally the entire strategy put in a nutshell in a diagram. This is the town sanitation plan that more or less defines the boundaries and different actions and coordination mechanisms that we need. This is the sanitation chain. We look at MFIs and SACOs to provide 70 percent subsidy and 30 percent loan for the superstructure which is then provided to the private enterprise under a sanitation marketing campaign. They build the toilets. The superstructure is repaid 30 percent of the loan by the households and the entire service after that is actually based on a fee and this is of course given down to as a grant for the emptying as well as the treatment system. I'm sorry I can't go into the details now but the presentations are there and you can ask me more questions if you want to later on. I will just this is the last slide one slide for Ivan and then we are done. The operational cost expenditures we realized that currently the private sector charges USD 12 for emptying services annually. So if you have an emptying cycle of five years that becomes 60 dollars for a household which is quite high for a low income household. What we realized is if you combine the emptying and treatment systems together and a state run the cost will come down to USD six dollars not five so it's half the price yeah it becomes half the price and this is the operational expenditures for running the treatment system for small towns considering a population of 60,000 with four or five towns together. Of course we have challenges and weaknesses and I would like Ivan to okay thank you very much Pete. Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen once again. Like Pete said it all but what we've realized from the approach that we have quite a number of challenges to start with we are saying the strategy does not consider financial consideration for software intervention and this is supposed to rely only on local government support this. Earlier on like Pete was explaining our institutional structure we have the national and the local government level or whatever. So we are saying that the financial consideration for software to complete the sanitation chain we need to have we were relying on only the local governments and whereby we are not very assured of the financial power for them to continue with what we plan so we may have a gap there after developing the infrastructure then the software might be lacking. Our second challenge we're clearly noting is that excuse me the approaches for targeting subsidies to the deserving population is to be as established as yet. What we are saying is that the government is still in the process of figuring out how best can we subsidize. The approach is clear that the households have to pre-finance either by loans and what a certain percentage but when we get into the subsidy we are looking so much at the financial strength on how to empower the whole subsidization of the the instruction the sanitation development and all. What is happening is that like Prita has highlighted with our pilot in the six towns we've done the plans but then it is not complete we need to go on with the with the implementation of these plans and the key challenge we have here is identifying how we're going to handle the subsidy because the subsidy is the biggest percentage 70% since the pre-financing from the household is only 30% so we still have a gap here and we really need to brainstorm on how we're going to come up with that. Maybe the other one is at the moment we're saying that the strategy is going to rely purely on state-run agencies whereby we're looking at the loan agencies like you said the microfinance and the SACOs and all these are all going to be state-run and that brings us back again to another drink but because now we have to go ahead and establish a clear relationship with those institutions they are already in place but then we want to use them to also facilitate the whole pre-financing of this strategy. Basically this is what we've come up with as the key challenges we are noting so far and this is mainly as at the stage we are of town of the plans of the town sanitation plans but we've not yet gone into the implementation and we are sure there will be quite a number of other challenges when we pilot the implementation but as of now that is as far as we've gone and like he said the implementation is still at the concept stage it is being discussed by government but we still need a lot of support to go into the implementation. Ladies and gentlemen that's as much we can go for now thank you for listening. Informing us about the upscaling strategy of the ministry in Uganda can I take about two questions from the audience? I start here. Yes I have a question last week we passed the mark of one million refugees from Southern Ireland in Northern Uganda are you going to use this opportunity to try to break down the cost of facial sludge treatment because you could extend the service to these people as well and this may reduce the cost for the local population. We have written a concept note for that. No it depends on the donors. I'm looking at the town sanitation planning and the motivation around that and I have two questions one is now you established the model in which towns only get investment once they make a town sanitation plan and we did that in Indonesia and what happened is that town or municipalities started to say all right we need to jump through this hoop and then we get money so from the initial pilot which was very very good reflection the planning then became a sort of tick the box exercise or let's put something or you want something and you and you and you and then so you all agree because everybody has something in it right yes let's send it so how are you going to ensure at scale that you don't dishearten that and my other question is you are going to come up with um with treatment plans for five towns how are you going to find those other towns with whom they're going to make a treatment plan together in their plan sorry I didn't get you they're making a plan by town right yes yes but the investment and the the system is going to work for five towns who is going to decide with how that works and with whom because that's not in the plan we have had a I'll start with the second question we have had a very interesting experience with that the big challenge there is buying land and land in Uganda is very expensive especially when you want to put a treatment plant and it you know that a donor agency is coming the land value triples or goes five times high so what the local governments did is they chipped in money from their local budget to buy that land and they decided a central area which is has good access roads to all the six uh four towns and they chipped in money they made a memorandum of agreement and one of the towns has agreed to buy the land for them and they have invested that money in that land so it was a coordinated effort from the six towns chipping in money to buy the land did I answer the question the groups of five the group of five yes you cluster the towns it's already been done that's already done yeah the clusters have been done and wsp the wsp has done a very good study on clustering of towns in Uganda so you have very good identification of which towns can be clustered together in that range of 60 kilometers so we are following the same thing and identifying those towns of course there are other problems other political problems that come in where political leaders from one or the other town don't want to actually mix up yeah there are other problems too in that sense but if you have to look you know some it will work in some cases it will fail in some cases we completely agree on that it is not going to work in all the clusters at the same time what was your first question again sorry because sorry um well I I have an entire organizational structure which have not put up here but all these town sanitation plans will go up to the ministry for approval and they have a certain criteria for taking that out the ministry is involved directly in why are the wstfs in the in building capacities of town councils for town sanitation planning so they have a certain level of quality control right in the beginning so it's just not that the towns are are put by themselves to generate tsps but the ministry is actually getting involved in directing how the tsps should be done and what are the criterias for selection yeah I think I can stop here okay great thank you thank you thank you very much uh our next present presenter is uh martin gambrel martin is a lead water and sanitation specialist in the world banks water global practice and will provide us with input on the call to action uh paper so i'm just going to open your presentation martin hi good afternoon everyone um so i'm going to talk about the citywide inclusive sanitation call to action um i'm glad that christine moe is here of um emory university because she's one of the core partners involved in this as well um this initiated the idea of a global coalition around this um about 12 18 months ago when six organizations came together thinking and talking about inclusive sanitation for cities um those being emory university the world bank the gates foundation water aid university of leads and plan international and we were looking at the issues of what does inclusive sanitation look like um who should be involved in in moving this forward and what do we know and what don't we know about sanitation for all and um it resulted in a call to action for pager which i have an example of here um we'll have many more at our session um on tuesday at world water week um and that was subsequently endorsed and supported by a number of other organizations and individuals so this is a bit of this shows the timeline on our thinking on this there was a conception at the atlanta workshop um at um emory university in june of last year um which we brought together wash and urban development partners to share experiences about citywide inclusive sanitation that resulted in this four pager that i just mentioned that defined citywide inclusive sanitation described some of the myths that need to be busted with regard to urban sanitation and agreed on some key principles um of action we then started to grow this coalition sharing with more organizations inviting engagement and and looking most importantly we're trying to look for non wash sector uh non wash sector counterparts engaged in urban development which we feel is a very important um um ingredient for moving urban sanitation forward which is where we are today we want to now move forward to finalize the structure of this coalition looking at potential different um formats for it and then move into implementation of some of the uh ideas that have come out of that so a vision for healthy cities um our cities in which all citizens live productive healthy dignified lives in an environment free from fecal contamination in which human waste is managed to safeguard the urban environment including water and food supplies but we know this is a vision which is increasingly under threat as our cities struggle to cope with limited financial and human resources rapid unplanned urbanization which we see everywhere and the impacts of climate change as well upon this we've got a little video which hopefully it will work unlike my predecessor up here um on city managers and sector experts across the world have worked hard to achieve effective urban sanitation often with limited success this is typically due to a set of enduring myths that we want to debunk here myth number one solving urban sanitation is all about toilets in fact providing access to a toilet a latrine or a sewer connection is only part of the solution the sdgs now require that human waste is conveyed treated or disposed of safely and sustainably the full sanitation service chain needs to be sustainably managed myth number two people don't demand improvements in sanitation where it's deficient or absent in fact there is latent demand for sanitation services what is sometimes true however is that low income residents often feel unable to affect change and they're often reluctant to openly express their demands especially when facing uninterested politicians land tenure limitations and technical challenges myth number three poor people are not willing to pay for sanitation services in fact poor people are willing to pay for sanitation services and they do even when they receive substandard services often the only option is to resort to an unregulated private service to periodically empty their septic tank whereas richer areas are connected to sewer systems with subsidized or free services myth number four there isn't enough money to solve the urban sanitation problem in fact there are available resources but they need to be better allocated and used more efficiently in addition to increasing public budget commercial financing can be leveraged for investment opportunities especially if public funds are used more statistically myth number five investing in urban sanitation is not productive in fact sanitation investments provide demonstrated health economic social and environmental benefits that are essential to turn cities into vibrant economic centers myth number six conventional sewers and wastewater treatment are the only ways to solve the urban sanitation crisis in fact combining the use of on-site collection and fecal sludge treatment solutions with sewerage solutions has shown important progress adaptive expandable decentralized and cost-effective approaches can be resilient to external shocks myth number seven sanitation produces waste that is a nuisance to be eliminated in fact human waste contains valuable nutrients these can be recovered and reused as soil conditioner or fertilizer energy can be produced from both heat recovery and biogas combustion water can be recycled for industrial agricultural and even potable use in summary there is no silver bullet no simple single solution to urban sanitation challenges we must develop locally relevant and innovative solutions along the sanitation service chain that put customers first and that focus as much on service management as on technology microphone we know that business as usual isn't working in many places around the world with regard to urban sanitation and that we need a shift in mindsets and practices to transform cities into clean livable and productive places and this is going to require political leadership and accountability engaging all stakeholders in order to drive a coherent citywide strategy that develops sanitation for all as a human right um and we also know that engaging all stakeholders is challenging and as I mentioned earlier we want to make an effort to reach out to urban developments the urban development fraternity who aren't necessarily in the wash sector influence them because they need to think about coordinating that their mandates with regard to drainage solid waste land development and sanitation and reaching out more to sanitation professionals to so that we think about blending conventional and new solutions in innovative ways we consider both on-site and reticulated solutions it's not one or the other it depends on the city it depends on the reality it depends in the moment at the moment in time that we take account of the needs and resources of customers including the poor and we link our sanitation solutions to the broader urban development priorities squaring the circle with our urban development colleagues while recognizing the complexity of doing this because it's not trivial to do it with these different sector players each city is organized in its own unique way of course there's no one-size-fits-all and political leadership and or the necessary city institutions may be lacking or may be weak so the call to action calls on actors to work on the basis of four interlocking principles I won't go into the details of this now there'll be more on this at our session next week on tuesday um one is on um the key principle of inclusion some of the issues that are included in that are up there a key principle on the whole sanitation service chain which is great we're hearing it so much today we're hearing it so much generally um working in partnerships across the city and making a contribution to a thriving urban economy under a thriving city so coming to the end a number of recommendations came out of the atlanta um workshop on things that we could do as a coalition some of those are listed there but we've come down with some priority actions firstly in in terms of organizing what this coalition structure would look like and we've got timelines and dates for these things crafting a foundational paper that takes the ideas of the of the four pager and has a peer-reviewed um foundational paper that we that we make a splash with and then thinking about all the different uh urban sanitation planning and implementation tools that are out there we've also got a session on tools here at water week on monday as well and there may well be other actions from that list that was uh that came out of um the atlanta workshop so finally um we want the the urban sanitation and urban development fraternities to get involved in this um propose additional actions that could be part of this commit to their specific actions along with this and as i say you can learn more at our sessions next week one on tools on monday and one on the call to action itself which all the partners will be at on tuesday and that's it thank you a few questions from the audience antonette i'm sorry to ask a question again um martin this is about the same as you presented last year and i'm looking for more clarity exactly what the added value of the coalition would be uh because we have susanna we have the working groups of susanna that talking about the whole service chain citywide sanitation inclusive sanitation this is not new what is what what what can you articulate more clearly what the added value is because i think we agree with the myth in this audience here right but apparently you've looked at at the sector and you've said there's something missing what is it really that so what we did at atlanta is we we invited some of the on many of the usual suspects from the wash sector but we also made an effort to to reach out to urban development specialists city administrators others to to ask what what is happening why aren't we getting urban sanitation to all who are the actors at the city level or at the national level that aren't in our sector who can influence this and and help us implement the huge challenges of the sdg for urban sanitation are the most expensive not surprisingly of the four sub sectors is urban sanitation is going to take the most in terms of financial resources to get there so what we believe is part of what should be different because we've been talking to arnie we've been talking to susanna about this is how do we get to the urban development professionals some of us have worked with them in different parts of the world but many of us don't tend to work with them or talk with them so it is about that so we're talking to cities alliance we're talking to a hundred resilient cities a hundred resilient cities um um from the rocker fella foundation will be at our session on tuesday so to answer your question and tonight we haven't got all the answers yet that's what i was saying in the timeline in terms of what this coalition will look like how it will interface with susanna which we've talked to arnie about absolutely working with susanna and the working group on cities but going beyond that to work with the urban influence urban development professionals that's very much what we're trying to emphasize and make breakthroughs with them my question was almost in the same direction martin so let me ask you to comment on my observation actually we learned earlier that susanna has been there where now the world community un with stg is right so no surprise that this is known to the people in this room so what i was observing being part of the knowledge exchange exercise last year is a massive effort in order to inspire those who are responsible for large budgets and build trust to go for business unusual or for sustainable solutions is that more or less what we are seeing with this exercise or is there something i'm missing out i'm not sure i got the question there's no question i this is what i'm observing so this effort is not presenting something new to this room but it's putting a specific effort to influence big investment trunks to invest in more sustainable solutions so building trust among decision makers inside the bank well bank other banks to engage and invest in more sustainable solutions so you're more or less an actor helping the bank to take the right decisions and not replicate earlier failures yeah that's that's a good way of putting yourself in thank you um yes urban sanitation has been done by the world bank for probably 60 years there's been some very good stories and there's been some less good ones you know and but a lot of that as peter knows has focused on sewers and wastewater treatment which is part of the solution but it's not all of the solution so shifting the agenda within the bank is very important and we're working hard on that at the moment to influence the urban sanitation agenda and likewise with our government counterparts of course because governments actually prepare and implement world bank projects we don't prepare or implement them we support them to do them so and it's important to be able to show them examples of where this you know some of the myth i mean we get caught up in these myths with many of our counterparts to bust the myths but also to show experiences that have worked around the world and of course they have to be tailored and they have to be adapted to local reality but there are examples out there that was the you know the Durban event we did in in December where we brought 26 countries together to look at different experiences from from Durban and elsewhere around the world it's that sort of approach that so yes there's i'm doing an advocacy role within the bank but we but it's got to be more than that again when we and we're within the bank we're influencing urban development sectors we have a huge urban development portfolio and we need to talk to them more within the bank i think an example we need to do that globally as well all of us need to do that more to influence the urban sanitation agenda martin hi just one question from my experience what we realized is there's one actor the political body is is a key agency within this that influences a lot in sanitation and if we kind of sidelined them then we are only dealing with the government of the structures but the political body becomes extremely important while making decisions at a local level have is is it being considered here are you considering actually having a political somebody representing probably the mayors of different cities within this coalition yeah i think on i mean when you look at good experiences of urban sanitation for all there are there can be different drivers and they can but there's often been a champion or there's been a there's been something that's happened but that could be in different places it's not always a mayor but it's a good point it could be the mayor as well absolutely or as neil mcleod always say never let a good crisis go to waste you know and use the crises that happen in our sector the visible ones to move the agenda because there is an ongoing silent crisis in urban sanitation we don't see it all the time but the morbidity and the mortality is happening every day and people are living with it it's the norm it's only when it's labeled with cholera that we sit up and listen to it but that's happening all the time with diarrheal and we know that so so grab these opportunities and depending on the situation the city then the or the country the political champion opportunity leadership may differ it it may be an enlightened minister of finance it um it may be it may be an enlightened mayor or or city planner planning department secretary it depends but yeah we got to we got to expand our influence and make the case make the case for why we can't afford to ignore urban sanitation with this brought outside of our sector as well i think that's a very important message okay okay thank you very much um our next presenter is uh peter hawkins peter is a independent consultant and will present about sfds in the context of local realities and processes hi yeah um in fact i kind of deviated a bit from my original theme but they asked me to talk about sfds which i think in this uh group of people is maybe a bit redundant because we all know very much how how these things are working um so i wanted to kind of link up with what martin was saying about inclusive citywide sanitation and because the the the work and and the debate that led to to the initiative that martin's just been talking about um was also exactly the same work and thinking that led to the to the production of of the sfd which is just a way of of kind of looking at at citywide inclusive sanitation in a in another perhaps more technical way um and i thought it'd be good come just just refocus go back a bit forget about the sort of tools aspect of this but think about what what does it really mean um and it means about dealing with with with density why because density is all about um people being on top of each other and therefore transmitting their germs to each other um moving around you know people coming out working in restaurants in markets inside people's houses um movements of of of goods which contaminates it you know is nice produced and sprinkled with with sewage water in the markets um and so on um and then sanitation which which doesn't work very well in these very crowded environments um the disease transmission it's you know one of the big things is apart from the color outbreaks is is stunting which has huge general effects on people's well-being and and lives uh there's good evidence about this you know the the effect of of sanitation is about three times as powerful in in urban areas as it is in rural um and that's i think something where we shouldn't forget when when we're advocating with with our politicians you get a lot more bang for your buck with sanitation in in urban areas um some of the linkages again we're all very familiar with the service chain idea um physically you know there are all sorts of different routes that that this contamination is taken through through daddy toilet through unsafe emptying practices uh through discharges into the drainage system through overflowing pumping stations and and and so on um there are transmission routes through the water supply when we're getting into groundwater maybe lack of water for personal hygiene um and then this all kind of links up with the other urban services which again martin mentioned just now we can't be looking at um sanitation just just by itself because apart from the sewers and drains we have solid waste management um blocking the drains we have land use which you know uncontrolled land use which means there's not enough space and the drainage and and all the other services don't work um so we we need to look at this holistically to get these linkages clear um again this is all very straightforward um i've just included this bottom line because this is something which is is coming up um there's more more discussion because it in in in certain situations it may be the container based sanitation is a third kind of string to our bow um and as time goes on you know this this diagram is probably going to get bigger and bigger as as we realize that there are more and more ways of of dealing with sanitation um and that we shouldn't restrict ourselves to given solutions we should be as as martin says solving problems um so that's when you know we were struggling around with these ideas and we came up with the sfd just as a way of saying okay what actually happens in practice how are all these things interacting in in a very simple and honestly very crude way you know we shouldn't we shouldn't pretend that this is a is a highly technical thing it's not it's it's a story we're telling a story um and this allows us to see in a very kind of broad brushway what what is that story um and and we need to poke beneath the surface um this one i think some of you may have seen before you know if we look at lemur in peru we think oh there's an issue there with the sewage system if you take the city as a whole but if you take the 10 percent that are living in the um unplanned suburbs there's a completely different situation going on there where you've got these really very poor quality pit latrines which are causing massive local pollution um another example perhaps in the opposite direction um in in maputo if you look at the informal settlements and and the diagram for the whole city looks very much like this because most of the city is is made up of informal settlements um we see we have a big issue around uh desludging fecal sludge management but if we focus in on the um central business district uh they have a sewage system but it doesn't work uh and there's there's a specific problem to be to be sorted there so again you know it's it's not one solution fits fits everything in the city we need to to really look down inside and see where we need to act in different places now the experience with using sfds is is firstly that it's it's it's been a wonderful tool for for getting decision makers to to move you can present this to somebody and in five minutes they get it i mean bill gates present one to prime minister modi in india and he got it um and from all the way in on down from there um and then once you get that this that discussion going then you can start saying who's responsible for for for which and start looking at this this uh basically institutional breakdown that's that's led us to have this this very defective sanitation and then start to agree okay how are we going to tackle this and so this um this is the way that it seems to have been working in practice and and it seems to be quite useful and constructive um this is actually taken from the indonesian national sanitation plan some of you again may have seen this before um but very much emphasizing that if we start to think not about how are we going to get everybody sew it but you know what what mix we've got a mix right now you know we've got horrible things like open defecation going on there at the bottom but it's part of the mix so how do we move that mix and it's it's a dynamic mix changing all the time and we need to look at each of those elements in the mix and decide what we're going to do with it and i think uh it's it's a much more effective planning tool uh and a much more effective way of of thinking about how we move forward with with sanitation so looking at how it changes over time and how it changes in the different parts of of the city or the cities in in in um so again just looking at the way this is seems to have worked very from what we find is initially an sfd can be drawn up by concerned professionals who are interested um that as i've said becomes a very powerful advocacy tool um and then you could very often go around kind of have a have a second uh attempt uh not attempt a second a second cut you can do something really very simple and quick here and and sort of get the main issues out then you can go back and perhaps do some more detailed work on the ground which really allows you to do uh the sort of assessment on which you can then base an intervention strategy what we're also finding is because a lot of the solutions are still undeveloped uh we're still working on decent ways of doing this um people like what's up and what are for people and and various others uh i mean two too numerous to mention um have been developing solutions um sort of sticking their necks out where the larger funding agencies find that difficult and and definitely it's it's a very productive kind of partnership and then hopefully once we get the decision makers and the financiers mobilized and we have the technical solutions we can get to the interventions we want thank you very much i'm going to jump in for dorine now um take two questions any questions for peter oh so it was struck up brilliant okay brilliant brilliant thank you thank you very much very clear all right um going on to the next presentation thank you peter we have our colleagues from zambia who are going to present lusaka's experience on integrating on-site sanitation into service delivery the interface between on-site and off-site sanitation uh i have the pleasure of inviting nyong'e firi right right um nyong'e is going to present uh an out uh he will present an outline of the elements contained on on-site sanitation system strategy of the lusaka water and sewage company trevor does not need any introduction i'm sure the floor is yours you have 10 minutes uh good afternoon everybody yeah um my name is nyong'e firi i'm presenting on behalf of lusaka water and sewage i'll be talking about uh integration of on-site sanitation into uh service provision in the city of lusaka yeah so lusaka water and sewage is the commercial utility uh charged with the responsibility of providing water and sanitation services to the province of lusaka in zambia uh it was established as a company in 1988 and studied its operations in 1990 uh the the utility covers um the the entire province of lusaka but in this case i would discuss the situation in the city of lusaka um sometime in January 2016 lusaka water and sewage did a rapid assessment of the sanitation situation in lusaka and uh it came to our attention we actually found that only about 90 percent of the of the city uh is not serviced by uh by sewers we only have about nine percent of the city serviced by sewers and the rest of the city is serviced by different types of on-site sanitation now the the thing that strikes most about that is that uh when it comes to sanitation we concentrated so much on sewers and yet that only serves about nine percent of the population so from that we realized that we needed to adopt a solution that uh takes into consideration different kinds of sanitation uh with a good mix of each one of these depending on the situation uh next yeah so out of that we have leveraged the what we're calling the the lusaka sanitation program which is a program financed by the world bank african development bank european investment bank and the german development bank and uh other of course players that like giz and what's up that have supported us as well as the the government of the republic of zambia now leveraging these finances what we have done is uh we we are trying to to make use of uh this program to change the thinking and also to change the the way we are practicing our sanitation service provision uh part of the components that form up the the program uh improvements on uh on suede sanitation which we which i already mentioned is covering nine nine percent of the population and then we're doing something about on-site sanitation and then there's a component on institutional strengthening but i would speak more on the on-site sanitation component thank you the objective of the on-site sanitation component is to improve uh we have five objectives that we have identified uh the first one being to improve the quality of service uh at an affordable level and of course uh to to make the price regulated and predictable the second objective is to enhance accountability and service monitoring this is in terms of quality of service that we provide to to the public uh the third objective is to maximize incentives for expansion of emptying services currently in in and serviced areas while we have not been active in this area as lucaca water what we have seen is a growth of the private sector so by nature private the private sector will only work in areas where they consider that they will make a profit so what we want to do is extend the service even to areas that have been ignored by the private sector uh another one of our objectives is of course to test a new innovative partnerships with the private sector who are already working in the sector so would like to leverage their presence and make them partners but uh under a regulated environment um of course the the final objective is uh enhancements of enhancement of resource recovery at different stages of the sanitation chain um part of the reason why uh on-site sanitation has not been very attractive in the past is that uh it's not been it it's not been presented in a way that shows that it can be financially sustainable so the utilities have been hesitant to go into that because of course it's looked at as something that will milk other areas of the of the utility so what we are trying to do now is come up with a system that will work and will be financially sustainable this will make it much more attractive to the service provision utility so what is the plan um as regards private operators uh who i have already mentioned would like to continue working with um we would like to divide the city we are actually dividing the city into different service areas the uh one aspect of the that the service area should have is uh we're looking at the aspect of sustainability we do not want a service area that will have a mix of the population that will be shunned by operators so would not want to have these areas as viable as possible and then the private sector operators who apply to operate these zones these service areas uh they will of course present business proposals that include emptying of uh septic tanks as well as emptying of pit latrines we intend to provide some startup equipment and of course education on business management so that we enhance the the businesses for the for the private operators because we don't want to have a partner who will fold up in the process we would like to to strengthen them as businesses as well and then we are leveraging uh the the utilities presence uh around the city we are already well distributed with our pay points and other and and the utilities are already well known so we would like the private operators to work through the water by way of by way of uh of course payment collections advertising and other promotional activities then the private operators will be paid a commission based on the the volume of waste that they deliver to the treatment facilities then of course we are organizing we are helping the the private operator to organize themselves into an association and then as regards the the population of the city we realize that uh some of the current infrastructure that they are using is not emptyable so we are emphasizing the the need for emptyable facilities and because of this starting with resources available in the program we intend to help households improve their facilities so that they are emptyable because once if they have emptyable and emptyable facilities then the story ends there so we we we yeah so so as part of our activities we also intend to do a lot of hygiene awareness and promotion of sanitation uh among the population um I would maybe let me mention something about the household facilities we are to start to kick us off we are starting with we're starting with resources available under the program but then going forward we have other resources that we're looking at like for instance we have what we call the sanitation fund which is one percent of every water bill is put aside as uh as a fund for financing sanitation so we intend to continue after the program to to to fund this improvement of household facilities through this fund with that I come to the end and just a reminder to some people it might be shit but for us it's our better but yes thank you very much for your presentations one element for me is not very clear so I understand that why there are one private operators for one service area is it that that's right and I also understand that there are no direct financial relations between the private operators and the user because the payment is done directly to to the company is it so I think the question is how we regulate how we monitor the quality of the services itself because we know that when there are direct link between the users and the employers it's the users who do the regulations but in this case how do you ensure the quality of the services okay there's another question but you can and then following up on this question we have made in Germany for example either access discharge to sewer or or a local treatment unit mandatory so when I hear about promotion and so on have there been thoughts of making emptying of pits or septic tanks mandatory so that the operator can have a better business case to calculate so that he's kind of sure once every year something like that okay I'll start with the the question of quality of service what we are doing is that right now they're operating purely as private businesses but as a water utility as a service provider we are regulated by we have our regulator for public utilities so what we're doing is we're bringing the private service operators and our our umbrella we do actually sign service level guarantees with the regulator so the service provision by these private operators because they're going to be under contract with the Saka water will be guided by the service level guarantees that we signed between ourselves and the regulator so there will be contract bound to adhere to the conditionalities of the regulator so in that way we are showing that there is quality of service then on on mandatory emptying yes this is something that we're looking at in fact we are exploring different options one of these options could be periodic emptying where it would identify different areas where this this we see that this is feasible where you have maybe an extra charge on the water bill or something then your your facility is emptied periodically so that this would work especially in the low-income areas because then they wouldn't have to produce the whole lamp serve at at a go because then they've been contributing to to this kind of scheme for for some time so whenever their facility is full we would go there and do the emptying this will also ensure that we do not tie down our private operators and leave them without business because then their emptying would be time influenced it would not really depend from individual customers running 15 minutes late so I think I would I would stop here thank you very much I'd like to call upon the next presenter Chaitali Chattopadhyay who is going to present a mixed method systemic view systematic view review in low and middle income countries Chaitali the floor is yours good afternoon everyone I'm Chaitali and as I said during my introduction that I managed the monitoring and the evaluation portfolio of the collaborative council this was the first time that I'm attending the Susanna meeting and it's been an incredible experience so I'm going to present some of the highlights of a systematic review that the collaborative council did with three IE the international initiative for impact evaluation but before I move into the details of that systematic review I just want to spend a few minutes talking about the evidence program on sanitation and hygiene which is EPSH it's an ambitious program which we started in 2014 with an idea to generate evidence that could help the policymakers and the programmers to make the right decisions for programs related to sanitation and hygiene the EPSH program has essentially four facets but this is for the first time that three IE with the funding support from WSACC was able to start a thematic window dedicatedly looking into the wash sector evidence so initially as of now we have four we have managed to fund and technically support four facets of work that includes two impact evaluations two systematic review one evaluation methodology development for the advocacy work because we all know that advocacy monitoring and evaluation of advocacy is a very challenging area of work so we are almost about to publish the advocacy methodology paper also and the last facet of the work was WSACC's own midterm evaluation we wanted to sort of have a whole package of work when we commissioned this particular area of work so today I'm going to talk about the systematic review but I also want to highlight how incredibly useful this particular program has been for the collaborative council even though we had the initial partnership with three IE but that brought on board a lot of other universities with the right technical skills on board so we've got you know different universities and evidence-based center that are a part of this endeavor now and have immensely contributed towards the evidence building agenda moving on quickly to the main topic of presentation and discussion today which is the systematic review which looks into promoting hand washing and sanitation behavior change in the low and the middle income countries the overall goal of this particular systematic review was to look into a relative analysis or a comparative analysis of what are the promotional approaches that works effectively in the low and the middle income countries of course we didn't want our question to be only focused on that we were not only interested in what works but also quite interested to explore why it works so that in moving forward we could strengthen the designs of different policies and programs so it essentially focused on two review questions as is laid out here so the first question was pretty much determined by the quantitative analysis that we did and the second question was predominantly supported by the qualitative analysis we did the first question looked into what is the effectiveness of different approaches for promoting hand washing and sanitation behavior whereas the second question was essentially looking into what factors influence the successful implementation of different approaches I want to quickly give attention to the team who has actually done this systematic review we were quite keen to get Emmy who is the manager for this systematic review come and present here but unfortunately she couldn't make it so giving due credit to the team who has actually done this work this team is from the Center for Evidence Based Practice of Belgian Red Cross um Emmy led this evaluation this systematic review Hans and Axel from the same center supported her and Terrin was another technical experts from expert from the Stelenbosch University um the methodology that they deployed for this systematic review as I said is a mixed method approach so they had qualitative as well as quantitative aspects to it I must also say that they had an advisory committee supporting them throughout the process which included wash um experts so the methodology took into consideration studies dating from 1980s to March 2016 as some of you who are aware of the limitations of the systematic review it it's got to it's got to be revised all the time because there is a timeline associated with it because it's it's in a way a very sophisticated literature review so it's very important to recognize the end point of this particular systematic review which is March 2016 um it looked into published as well as unpublished or gray literature because we all know that the written scientific evidence uh in the sector of international development could be quite limited so we had kept the search um and they were open to the unpublished studies also and it looked into various promotional approaches that envisage behavior change around hand washing use of toilets safe uh fecal disposal and the discouragement of open defecation in adults and children in the low and middle income countries um just to give a snapshot because I was quite taken aback when the team had presented uh the the the scope of the systematic review and so I thought it'll be interesting to just touch base on where they started from and where did they actually arrive so if you just quickly look at the number of results that they had come up with when they did the first database search you could see that around 23 thousands of database search findings came out when they were trying to do the first level of search of course then that was subjected to the screening of their title and abstracts and then it drilled they came down to about 400 articles which was again subjected to the protocol study protocol reviews um for the great literature they came up with about 2000 findings which again was subjected to the title and the abstract review uh drilling it down to about 121 articles for eligibility and you if you then look at the number of studies that were actually included it's phenomenal because they only found about 32 studies that qualified to be included in the systematic review and additionally there were about 28 qualitative studies that qualified to be included into the systematic review is it 10 minutes or 15 minutes for discussion okay I'll try as a as a result of of the systematic review they tried to cluster the approaches into these four headings that's self-evident I think for most of the sector um practitioners community-based sanitation and hygiene messaging social marketing approaches and other promotional approaches that were essentially based on the psychosocial theory um now I'm just going to highlight the key results of the systematic review it's interesting to note that the researchers couldn't identify one promotion that could achieve all the outcomes related to hand washing um sanitation behavior changes however there were several promotional elements that has that had their own strengths and weaknesses uh the community-based promotional approach has the highest probability of achieving or improving the sanitation behavior changes around uh open defecation and lettering use and may improve hand washing practices however it was noted that there were very limited positive results on the knowledge of key hand washing time so that's an interesting finding improvements are less clear in the longer term i.e more than 12 months following the implementation in case of the community-based approaches for the social marketing again it tends to show that there could be improvement around open defecation free related behavior and the toilet use up until 12 months following the implementation but the effects on hand washing were not very evident it also states that additional income generating activities are always required or are an important facilitator um for the social marketing approach the sanitation and hygiene messaging on the other hand said that or showed that they could only have a short-term effect on the hand washing with soap while no effects are evident regarding sanitation um the sustainability of this approach as in the behavior change it brings forth was also very questionable um other promotional approaches using a psychosocial theory such as Rana's model or IBM showed that they could show improvement for the hand washing but no impact on the sanitation was evident and only up to the 12 months um it's important to also note down the findings with regard to some of the enablers and the barriers that try to list down these are pretty self-evident but it's important to take note of these enablers when we design the programs and the policies like i said these are pretty evident longer term interventions we all know about it but the systematic review supported that longer term interventions follow-up provisions frequent visits by the implementers implementers use short communication messages make the training material available the implementer as much as the implementer is a part of the community the softer skills related to kindness respect and accessibility of the implementer is very important so is important the gender element of it and was very clear that if you want to bring four changes in the community particularly addressing the sanitation and hygiene issues of women and girls you've got to have female implementers out there uh for social marketing i've already said income generating activities tend to be quite an important determinant to for the success of the social marketing the the beneficiaries of the target group also appreciate a lot transparency regarding the cost and benefit of the endeavor that they are entering into they would like to have more information they would also like to know what is the possibility of access to infrastructure availability of space and the other enabling factories peer sort of pressure and you know seeing other community members showing the similar behavior change and these are some of the barriers with regard to the sand particularly with regard to the social marketing and the hygiene messaging i just wanted to conclude this with some of the policy programming and the research implications so basically one of the conclusions we can draw from the systematic review is the combination of different promotional approaches is a critical and important way to consider the sanitation and hygiene programs as i said in the beginning there is no one approach that could help us achieve all the outcomes at the same time so a combination of it recognition of different enablers and barriers is equally important to make sure that our programs and policies are successful one question remains quite critical and which was not answered through the systematic review and therefore it the researchers have highlighted it that they we don't have enough evidence with regard to which is a major policy and programmatic question with regard to the implication of financial assistance either when with one approach or with a combination of approach so this is an area that they have recommended that should be focused upon in future for the implementation as well as for evidence gathering and then finally from an evidence point of view they have highly recommended an urgent use of consistent approaches towards defining and measuring outcome because if we are not clear and consistent about how and what outcomes look like we will not be able to gather evidence to show what works and what doesn't and then just some concluding point the systematic review is available at the Campbell collaboration website and some of you would be know that this is one of the mostly used social science repository for the systematic reviews based in the UK so the Campbell collaboration website has it we are still working on the policy brief and because you know that this is about a 500 page long systematic review as you know is the nature of systematic reviews and the impact evaluation so we are still working on the policy brief which will be most likely available by mid-septa it will be available in the council's website also and we will be hugely disseminating that and then finally we are quite glad that Emmy will be actually hosting a web we will be hosting and she will be presenting at a webinar on the 24th of October from 2 to 3 30 Geneva time we will be sending out more information about it but this will be an opportunity to hear from Emmy the lead researcher and also ask and drill down into more details of the systematic review thank you you owe me a beer i gave you five minutes extra but two questions very quick one i'm sorry if i missed it was that rural and urban yes both yeah thanks very much i was wondering you know all those factors that you mentioned those behavioral factors they're not very specific they're not very clear what behavioral factor they target would have been interesting maybe to to kind of link that analysis of what interventions were used to actually specific behavioral factors that are for instance kind of like like the run us model kind of shows up because then you could have kind of seen if there's some parallel i would say some some some factors which again repeat themselves in different studies but in a way in this way you know this what is the social marketing i mean which behavioral factors is the social marketing intervention actually target is not so evident so it would be nice to kind of maybe use a better another analytical framework to then look at the studies in more detail to then understand what the underlying behavioral factors are yeah what i've tried i i think you know fast tracking could be a bit misleading also the systematic review actually tries to track the specific intervention versus the behavior change that it was trying to influence the combination of approaches vis-a-vis the approach the changes that it was trying to bring forth so it does that kind of in-depth analysis it does maybe one last question torsten i'm torsten from wash united so the enabling factors that you mentioned they were all on the intervention side short communication messages type of trainers did you also look at kind of like success factors on the side of like how interventions were created how you work with users what kind of like research you did to to to empathize and to find out like why your users are what they think what they do how they act yes i think the last part which mentioned about users or the target groups appreciating more transparency with regard to costs and benefit with regard to availability of infrastructure space is the point where the perspective of the beneficiaries and the target groups were captured sorry we we have to cut it short um we're running out of time we have 15 minutes later could you please take your questions during the coffee break with chat Ali which might not be there we are running more late thank you for moderating thank you to the presenters maybe you all stand up you saw the sun but you don't get a coffee break now just move a bit while we have we're moving to the next session which will be moderated i think by stefan if i get it right so i will try to see if i can move this one to 130 um let me see because koreen at this meeting which is crying and are we okay with the camera it's okay it's okay all right so so good afternoon um i'm really glad that still some of you are here and it's the good thing to be an seo you're far away from everything so nothing else to do um basically um it's a real privilege and honor to be moderating this session together with stefan everybody knows stefan from border okay hello um we are also both of us coordinating uh the urban theme for the world water forum and border exactly and so we would like to make sure that you don't forget to come i know that some of you say these are global things this is a maybe a waste of time too much too much of conference etc but the more i've been listening to you here the more realize we need you because you guys are really talking concrete evidence you have evidence you have concrete activities examples and we need this to be shared and some of you were saying you know oh we know that already this is but many of the people don't know about it so outside this crowd many things are not known so please come and we will organize uh to contact stefan on myself the next thing before we start with the next presenter uh is that a lot of us are now looking at different ways of packaging sanitation we're invited to look at job creation at income generation not anymore the usual language that we are always talking i don't know if you would agree with me absolutely and so this is something which we absolutely need to look into maybe how we package all this and hope that you in the coming presentations will also bring this towards because we don't we need to talk to mayors who to people don't know nothing about sanitation so we need to talk the language differently maybe as well so it's my privilege stefan you're going to be starting the first uh moderation exactly and my it's my pleasure to introduce astrid michels from giz astrid we have known each other through your work and giz on the waklin project uh you're going to introduce your work and maybe also your background but it's um known fact that um in many countries the um wastewater treatment okay please step inside the gray line now that the space is free hello everyone out there so um water utilities may contribute to energy consumption so more wastewater treatment may actually be a negative threat to resource utilization or energy production so this is your mandate you have been looking into that and still do so it's my pleasure to introduce you the floor is yours we expect uh like earlier on about 10 minutes of presentation and five minutes of question and answers please go ahead okay thank you very much stefan thank you also for advertising my program i'm actually not going to speak about my programs on an but in general about a fact sheet and about actually the working group three renewable um energy and climate change um this working group and what i'm going to present is actually a joint work um and i'd like to also acknowledge kim's work and torsten work so what we are trying to do is that linkage how do we speak actually the language of the climate community what are the linkages between climate change and sanitations and what are the opportunities that we're seeing um the link between climate change water and the link between climate change water and sanitations are becoming more apparent every day because climate change effects of climate change are mostly felt through water we are seeing floods droughts rising sea levels and extreme events more frequently and these disasters are also leading to the destruction of our water supply and our toilets our sanitation and wastewater infrastructure so contaminated water is being then released into the environment and affecting human health and the environment and it is the children and the most vulnerable groups that are mostly affected by it and when we're looking at climate change scenarios then the forecast is actually that the variation in space and time is going to increase significantly and um leading to significant socioeconomic effects so greenhouse gases are and carbon dioxide is increasing at an accelerated rate because humans have started an uncontrolled experiment of burning all the carbon that has been accumulated over millions of years in less than one century and we're currently 1.1 degrees higher than um the average temperature in the 19th century and if we're continuing like this temperatures may rise up to four degrees Celsius but business as usual is not an option and all sectors have to contribute to reducing these carbon emissions and so can the sanitation sector mitigation opportunities in the sanitation sector are multiples one of them is the recovery of energy from waste another one is reuse of water and recovering the nutrients so rather than for example producing fertilizers we can reuse those nutrients and ultimately those measures also have multiple benefits such as increasing the financial sustainability of utilities increasing opportunities to expand service levels greenhouse gas mitigations and also environmental reducing environmental impacts however despite all mitigation efforts climate change is a reality and all efforts that are being put in place right now are not sufficient to stop climate change so it is still needed also for the sanitation sector to realize the climate risks and to reduce those risks and what does this mean this means at the local level that we have to change our concepts we have to take into consideration the new hydrological conditions and we have to establish systems that are resilient to disasters and to climate risks and there is a number of adaptation the potential for the sanitation sector for adaptation is huge and here are some of those examples we can see here on the on the left side the reuse of wastewater and offsetting fertilizers and nutrients so there is a huge opportunity for new sanitation content concepts and especially for introducing circular economy approaches of reuse and recycle and then there are also concepts of preparing for disasters so disaster risk reduction of flood protection measures to reduce the physical risk of infrastructure but also reducing risks of human health many of those approaches are actually approaches that are embedded in the water food and energy nexus and those approaches are by the way also approaches that support mitigation because with a waste to energy approaches we can also reduce the effects of climate change and we of course also improve water security by reducing water or reusing water so all these approaches and integrating the sustainable development agenda with the paris agreement is key towards a low carbon to towards sustainable sanitation and towards low carbon and climate resilient water and sanitation systems we can see here on the left side the sdgs and the linkages to different sectors and on the right side the paris agreement and a corner store of the paris agreement are actually the national determined contributions so we have to strongly link our efforts to implement sdg6 with those national determined contributions and one of the things that we have to do is we have to clearly when we link our water activities sanitation activities with climate activities we have to be clear in showcasing the impact so showcasing the impact on the different sectors what we have heard before on the health sector and the environmental sector economical sector because in a way this is all cross cutting and all this is going to be discussed in our paper because we want to raise the awareness on climate change actions we want to showcase success stories and I can show you here a brief outline by the way at this point I'd also like to acknowledge the students the Cranfield University because they have started to work on a draft and we have four sections so we're going to have an introduction section where we're discussing the relevance of the sanitation sector in the sdg agenda but also within the paris agreement we are going to more in detail discuss sanitation and climate change interlinkages impacts of climate change sanitations especially with a special focus on perspectives on vulnerable groups and then we're also discussing the opportunities and here we're going to discuss opportunities for mitigation opportunities for adaptation and the enabling environment and that has to change and we're going to provide tools and resources planning tools in terms of baseline assessment but also tools for ghg quantifying and how to access climate financing and climate funds and in this case I am going to advertise for my project because tomorrow at 2 30 we're actually going to launch a tool that helps utilities to quantify their ghg emissions so please come and join us and I also want to to let you know that if you have any case studies to share please contact us if you have any questions please feel free thank you very much a quick round of questions quick round of questions number one claudia number two already please make up your mind thank you very much for your presentation I'm wondering is there any experience to get funding from the big climate fund for wastewater project yes and then yeah if you can give an example that would be wonderful and then usually this big climate fund are very much promoting centralized systems and it's very difficult to get with decentralized systems also an energy project to get funding from that so what is your experience and what is your perspective well what I can tell about this is for example the green climate fund they definitely have a number of projects and there is also actually one project in fiji where it is about wastewater and it's a holistic approach wastewater and water supply now you have to think about fiji and this is small island development state so there is also a huge focus on adaptation but also mitigation so I actually think that when we're looking at the green climate fund and climate financing that I think we have we need to think about system-wide approaches we have to have we have to think more holistically and integrate different components so I don't think it's going to be just a decentralized components I think we've heard it before too like you know how can we combine flexible infrastructure multi-purpose infrastructure and of course it has to go ahead hand in hand with the participation of the right stakeholders the enabling environment and the capacity development okay last question and then we go for the next presentation Chris maybe or not really okay so last time over we tried to make up some time thank you very much for the very interesting presentation and you're going to introduce the next speaker okay thanks a lot so we're going to have a next speaker maybe I'm sure that most of you know him if you don't know him personally you've read the document that was carrying his name I'm very pleased to introduce Pi Dreschel Pi Dreschel is a strategic program leader for the rural urban linkages and resource recovery and reuse at EME and he's been working there for quite some time already 15 years isn't it Pi at least so Pi you've got 10 minutes everyone and you will be okay as you like I don't know someone looked at the program and said we need research somehow we have to cover with the research and then they give me a slot that's quite general I mean if any one of you wants to check email it's not a good moment yeah so I don't mind feel free it's quite boring I have to press or there's a remote I press so very often we hear so if you really want to bring triple artist scale what you need is finance an enabling environment you need the political will and of course someone will then say yeah of course we need also some education because actually it's not so easy it's part quite complex you have to change behavior and very seldom you hear about research and we could ask this so what's actually the role of research and all this yeah because we are already moving towards implementation and now many of us here in the room they actually work on research they work maybe on technologies or they work on behavior change and there's a broad spectrum but I think questions we always should ask us is do we investigate the right issues sometimes maybe we're not on the spot and is the research maybe shifting focus we might research since 10 20 years the same stuff are we still on the right things and are we game to fit maybe the changing needs because also the needs are changing and I will during the presentation tell you that I'm actually the wrong person to speak here I will tell you why so this comes some reflection just from my own bias in 10 minutes you can't cover a topic like research everyone would like to hear something else from the biophysical the technical the social science part just a small overview do we do the right research stg-63 and substantially increasing recycling and safe reuse globally there are a lot of efforts now we know how much we have a safe reuse how much treatment we are having connected to safe reuse how can we actually expense this area or volume of water reuse planning treatment for reuse there goes a lot of effort in but this is actually what we should do so what I show you here that is let's say the area which is currently on the plant wastewater reuse treated wastewater that's approximately in the world I would say 600 000 hectare let's say 1 million so let's be just optimistic say that's 1 million now with the stg-63 let's try to maybe double it yeah so let's put all our research efforts in this that we can double it this is the right way I show you another slide this slide shows the area that currently wastewater is reused is already used but unsafely so this is the area where wastewater is just entering streams and then irrigated areas that are 30 million hectares worldwide and is not maybe the more important research question um yeah how to turn this safely because that's already there yeah how to incentivize maybe farmers to adopt on farm safety measures which the WHO 2006 version is promoting despite that they have a very limited risk awareness despite that there are no tangible benefits it's not maybe this more important we would actually make more progress on 6.3 than investing in more treatment for plant reuse hoping that there's downstream of the treatment plant a farmer waiting um now when we work on resource recovery and reuse and I bring you just some photos from our work in Ghana um on co-composting so they're all over entry points for research it starts with here the collection of the the food waste the organic waste for the co-composting the fakal sludge as there's so many research questions around this then the composting process and eventually the machinery for producing pellets and the the best storage and how do you sell it and then actually at the farm you so all over the whole research service saying Shane you have millions of interesting research questions in which we could dive and work endlessly um but are not maybe the more interesting questions those which cut across the Shane and I think that's something we should look much more at and a typical example which you all know that is from the figures large management where the large variations which we find in the toilets between different geographies between different technologies etc and the collection how they are influencing the actual reuse value so there's something at one end of the chain is actually making a big impact on the value proposition you have at the other end where the technology in between can try to buffer this um but it's it's one of these components where when you come from the reuse part you actually have to work all the way through to make it working because otherwise you have such a variation and of quality and at the end you have to make a marketing strategy where you tell the farmer what you find in this compost is this and there's so much NPK so either you enrich but then what you get again varies very tricky issue typical example to work across the value chain um my last example is um comparing scale it's comparing purposes this photo here Chris will know that's from our work with the Sunday in the artwork um a pilot plant for co-composting more than a decade ago and now when we change the system when we go commercials so that's what we just inaugurated I think one or two months ago um totally different scale this goes commercial that's a private sector we are just assisting this is a shift in research now a shorter shift in research questions piloting and pilot research is this playground yeah we like to play we like to test Chris where he calls the different corn sizes of the scent and the drying beds etc but you go commercial you survive or you die and there are totally different research questions and there's now a lot of words but that's really the slide the most important slide because today the questions are for us so what kind of private partnership contracts and business models will be the most sustainable what's in the local context the best mix of finance how to reduce the transaction cost and accessing carbon credit which for many is just impossible how to manage the composting certification approval process yeah like the world banks I published guidelines you can see in Ghana for instance it takes on average I forgot now the number but 16 months to get a new product like a compost certified it took us with all good will without bribing with all good will and trying really everything three years yeah and three years the startup will die so um these are now the key questions where we which we can analyze from research and where we at the end can maybe up with something much more interesting yeah I just you can read it yourself but the last one how to increase cost recovery key question always and when will we break even um then the last question or let me know let me go back let me go back um I said I wanted to say yeah it's my last slide and I wanted to say why I'm not the right guy to present this actually these questions should come from you yeah we are research institution and actually I would like that he as implementers are standing that Martin is standing here that others are standing here and they say we have these gaps we want to do something but here's implementation gaps and and there we are we are struggling or we don't have the right technologies or we don't know the business model how could we do this better so that we can be more responsive you should not ask me as researcher what I like to research yeah we always like to research everything um but to be more demand driven so I would just suggest for the next time put here the guys who are implementing and they should formulate the research questions um the last question we should ask us is are we actually fit for the game or are we game yeah how many engineers are here in the room how many social scientists and economists how many solfertility specialists actually to answer these serious questions how many institutional and private public partnership experts how many visitors developers and finance experts so there might be some crucial gaps that actually we live up to the needs that's all in time thanks a lot for for this um and I'm very glad that you brought up actually the question of income generation market business because this is what the big question is about now all right some questions to to pie right so every oh okay there's one question from Christine yeah from the researcher yeah yeah but so so pie you have done a lot of work in this area and incredible work I'm just wondering are you and I agree that the research questions who come from the implementers there there needs to be the economic part of the equation but what about the health part there it's here like a ping-pong game yeah the excellent players in this field like amory christine who are covering this fully but those who work on the work very close on implementation like we are trying to do like the hordona community is driving us yes they don't want to see any more research they always want to see impact these days and if we go this research for development if it goes the impact pathway then we have to answer these other questions too everyone today when we write a proposal wants to know what are the returns on investment yeah and if we write anything and say we involve the private sector when do you break even how long will you depend on subsidies if we can't answer these questions um we don't progress so that's why I just wanted to say um we might work all in our own domains and you're completely right health is a very important one safety is key for resource recovery use but there's a shift there are many research questions come in now which I never thought before because now we are much more implementation driven of course others might have always thought only on those yeah but just to alert us it's really a very key yes um yes is there a microphone okay it's not a question it's more just a comment how exciting it's really exciting that we are shifting in this field we are shifting to these new questions about hardcore implementation and um cost recovery and so on and so forth it's a it's a fantastic sign that it's it's great you just wanted to say that good so well this positive note thank you thank you and we hope to see you in Rio and Rio in brazilia and we'll make sure that you come and give the same message um right so now it's your turn yes and I'm happy to introduce you to Claudia Wendland since 10 years working with the women now the name has changed engage for a common future who remembers that our common future was that bruntland report preparing for Rio so an organization which is really has a long standing but we know each other longer than that and that is linked to the work you did at the technical university of Hamburg Harburg working on Rio's aspect with professor Ralph Otterpol and we also met in Amman so I'm happy to see people also from that region here she has been doing her PhD there on anaerobic digestion co-digestion and she's going to talk to us about the um importance of water and sanitation safety planning the floor is yours it's a name uh before we call it women in Europe for a common future so that's also where we come from since 25 years we work we started to work in Europe and then we went further to the east the Caucasus or Central Asia now we work also on a global level um and that's why we had to change the name otherwise people were always asking why is this name with Europe so that's the reason for that and um still I want to share with you these experiences and the new water and sanitation safety plan compendium a handbook that we made um which is basically for Eastern Europe the Caucasus and Central Asia um so this maybe you are thinking what is she talking about Europe um Europe is not Europe so we are talking about Eastern Europe the Caucasus Central Asia um this is an overview showing the range of water supply systems um and people especially working mainly in developing countries might think okay that's not very typical but that's the case in I don't mention now the country names because country representatives are usually not very happy with that so but this is all in Eastern Europe Caucasus Central Asia so you see here centralized water supply uh here's also with chlorination but you see the protection zone is not really well protected but this is more typical so the wells usually shallow wells um private wells or public wells um that are used and hand that is a typical um stand in in the street just in the street uh and you see also cold winter so different climates and a typical developing countries cold winter's hot summers um how is it for uh and that is basically water drinking water what is the main problem when you go into the villages then people are not discussing want don't want to discuss with you so much about toilets they want drinking water in their homes they want a job and toilets is much less or much of less priority so the sanitation situation and wastewater situation looks like that that is not so typical for rural areas but still a lot of uh even smaller towns have uh activated flood systems 25 years ago they were even running that time but then the Soviet Union broke down and then all the systems were quite deteriorated so that is a system photos I took quite recently so this you see yeah that is uh was a good system some time ago at that time um this is uh the other example is this is in a country where they have hundred percent improved sanitation and uh the kindergarten children are going um out because they have a toilet but it's simply too disgusting to to go there this is a typical school toilet there you see here and this is a household toilet quite a rich family in the village that has this type of toilet so um our experience we work since quite a number of years in these rural communities where situation is often like in developing countries um there's a big problem that the rural population has no awareness about the linkages between health water and sanitation so um they don't know the linkages between the pittler tree and the shallow well um and nobody takes care I mean the municipalities has no money the authorities is not there is simply not taking responsibility there sanitation is inadequate and legislation usually exists so there's a very good legislation in place for protection zones everything but it's simply not put into practice um for example the water protection zone is very simple I mean to realize and not too expensive but that's a big problem and also then to understand what inadequate sanitation means in terms for drinking water quality and so on so that's how we started and we were thinking um already some years ago that the water safety planning is really a very nice approach to also to use in small communities so people who don't know this approach from it was developed by WHO it's not looking only at the um at the consumers drinking water tap but it's looking at the risk from the drinking water source up to the tap so it's because if you only monitor here the drinking water and you get uh some um some problems that people have already drunk it so that's clear that's too late so the risk assessment starts really here to look where are potential risks and that is a very nice approach that can be also used in rural areas so we started to adapt that um because we were thinking it has a really good potential um yeah here you can see why we think it's very important because it can support information transparency a better understanding um of the drinking water system there is already tools available especially for from WHO of course from IWA but we realized that in the challenge is in small communities there there's no professional stuff so there's just the population and you have to address the population and you have to make them understandable I mean it's not rocket science all these but these IWA tools for example are too complicated simply too complicated for population in rural areas or small yeah if there are authorities responsible it's too complicated um that's why we started like with this simple tool um and we started actually to work with children because in even the single um small villages there are schools and so we addressed the schools um and made a manual um with the whole steps um had quite good results but we saw that they are not looking at the sanitation part so we started with water safety planning but then we realized uh the pit latrines are a very big issue and of course within the water safety planning you have to look at toilets also but the people don't know because they only look at drinking water so we included explicitly sanitation that's why we call it water and sanitation safety planning and it is so important uh here I give you a data for Romania which is an EU country it's a little bit outdated already but in 2009 um there were almost one million children infected by um soil transmitted helmets which is considered as a typical tropical uh developing countries disease so that's why we further advanced this um this work we have made some experiences with this first uh brochure that we made and this first approach in small communities we included sanitation and we learned from the people that they need even more um background and more um technical support so we have now this uh three part compendium part r is really how to do such a such a plan such a planning stepwise in 10 steps the second one is just background information about technical systems for teachers for authorities for NGOs for professionals and the third uh part is then how to involve schools so if you want to involve schools not necessarily needs to be done but then there's explicitly some modules how to do that and how to work with them so that was now translated into five languages um and we do that now in three countries in eastern europe so what are the results I know this is a structure again I talked about the 10 steps so everybody who's in is interested can approach me and I have also some USB sticks with the planning so this is how we did the activities with the children for example going to the water source doing some water testing with nitrate tests so the pupils really become water experts in their villages so people brought to them water samples they made just simple water tests and really they got also quite some confidence on themselves so this and this are very simple hand wash um activities results are also very interesting just here I want to mention uh that is a shallow well nitrate concentration so the limit is 50 milligrams per liter as you probably know so we have here for example over time one well so and why is this drop down here so I'll discuss with that with you in the break who's interested to know we we measured that and then we really started to discuss and why does it come and then we could really change it and then we can could keep the level below 50 milligrams in that well that is the mapping of wells of sanitation systems usually the aseptic tanks are just drain pits um okay so we have a number of results on level of households level of villages and on national level so we try really to empower the people to raise also their topics on a larger level this is a case study a little bit more elaborated in Romania um this is an example from Moldova where the pupils were so much mobilized that they really found um funding for themselves to reconstruct a new school toilet which is an indoor UDT toilet um yeah so conclusions we like this company very much we think that is a very useful tool not only for schools but also for schools but for especially for small communities because we see that civil society can be strengthened population can be empowered people understand better their problems and yeah thank you for your attention thank you very much can I just certainly mention I put this picture because this is now Moldova this is a very small country in Europe that has now a national norm for construction of UDT so it's this they have a national standard now signed by the minister of construction on construction operation and maintenance of UDT URINE diversion dry toilets thank you very much okay so um a round of question quickly um yes Diane thank you so bravo okay um thank you Diane um one quick question from my side are you only talking to school head masters are you talking to mayors who who is your primary contact yeah we when we start with schools usually the mayor or the authorities think okay that's an education project so we don't care so much it's just basically education so now we really learned from that so we have to address basically also the authorities at in the first place and then go also with the children that's a lot of work so the part of infrastructure upgrade and the work with the community like 10 percent infrastructure and 90 percent process consulting with the yeah software yeah yeah yeah just okay more question than a break thank you very much now you are i'm handing over to Francois who's introducing the next speaker thank you thank you thank you very much okay now we're going to have a very special gentleman now some of you might know him j bug one is executive manager of the water use and waste management of the water research commission of south south africa and i've known you j for about five years now and every time you have a discussion with j you are sure that you are coming coming back with some wonderful new innovative issue and actually now if you look at the program did you notice a title the title is is it the same that you have here yeah ending madness so he's invented also sanitation psychology so we're going to hear about this very much looking forward to it so he made me famous i came with my glasses with the spotlight and i thought i'd do the jackson and and give you all the talk is like popstar i'll leave that thank you i got off the flight today early in the morning so i'm here in body not in spirit and a lot of coffee so if i misrepresent myself please apologies but i put this as a plug in we have a session with the gates foundation at the stock of more a week it's on wednesday morning at nine o'clock it's about ending this madness and i'll share with you you know some of the south african experiences so in south africa we've sort of scaled up sanitation you know in the big way we don't have issue we have lots of money we have lots of initiatives but we at a crux of a huge problem okay and i think many african cities that are going the pathway of scaling up are going to end up with the same urbanization challenge that we are in okay none and appreciate all the innovation around citywide and et cetera all of that is needed but you know when you start coming to reality that's in 2008 a settlement in in durban at equine if you want to know five years it looks like that okay and you talk about citywide sanitation the problem is that we have a binary approach to the way we implement sanitation okay what i call in the binary is a gold standard and a hold standard okay and we've been doing it for the last 50 years okay so when we get into these areas it could be kina it could be Nairobi whatever and we talk about citywide we put a hole in the ground and we think we would solve the sanitation problem okay and if we don't put a hole in the ground we put water bond so that's the binary implementation model where we either go conventional wastewater treatment with sewerage where we go on site sanitation in in the form of a hole in the ground and in between there's a technology gap okay and when we start talking about those circumstances we do have a technology gap i mean we can't solve it and i think that's where this madness needs to end we need better we need more nuanced technologies that serve as very different challenges we have in many of these areas okay they're not the same uh kibera is not the same as soeto is not the same as in southeast asia and in india you have to come up with a holder of new sanitation technologies that would serve as these areas so you know for me that's what i put up about this madness is it a technology gap or a technology trap that we get into okay and we need to start asking ourselves because where i come from we are in a technology trap we have five million vip's that are filling up faster than we thought and we don't know how to deal with it okay and we have a whole lot of wastewater treatment plans some of them are even more advanced than what you have in your backyard in europe that are all failing okay so we have this trap that we're getting into uh as as a country and then this whole paradigm that a lot of poor people in in in developing countries aspire to with all the marketing is a flushing toilet that's what they all aspire to okay and we cannot turn this paradigm around and then like i said this whole dry sanitation concept that we keep pushing out like what you would call m&m's you know we just sort of keep giving them out because it's easy to roll out by now so it's a lot of problems with dry sanitation and that's why we're pushing this whole paradigm around fecal sludge management because we're seeing this huge elephant going to start confronting us in the future and we know all these problems we've experiencing it in durban and many places uh disposal is not easy uh access is not easy around dry systems the emptying is not easy as well you know so those are all the realities so i've got this research strategy i don't have time to go into it but we've been tackling this from a resource reuse perspective to say let's bring some new nuances around innovation on how we go off the grid and how we also service a whole lot of fsm opportunities so i'm not going to go in i can share this with you but uh there's three elements of what we improve now what we incrementally change and what we really disrupt okay and the sanitation sector for the last 200 years hasn't been disrupted you know we've all only seen the front end of a white pussilian toilet changing over 200 years the back end is where the real challenges and we haven't disrupted that so what the gates foundation is doing etc uh giving that impetus around ending that madness that we don't need to flush we can achieve a lot without flushing so you know we started with the border stuff and we taken the border stuff in south africa a little further on beneficiation there's a whole lot of iap systems that we introduce where you can harvest algae so the whole beneficiation approach is starting to change the way we approach sanitation and treatment uh and and looking at uh you know grain crops and biomass and organic fertilizer and all sorts of stuff that we've been doing uh you know through the system around beneficiation on on reducing costs and and and convenience because there is no thing as low cost sanitation you know vip is more expensive than a waterborne system we've already assessed that and we know that okay with all these problems so we need to just be rational as to how we deal with these things so i'm not going to i don't have time i saw that i was programmed for 315 so my brain started to switch off after that but you know we we doing a lot and we investing a lot in new innovation etc and beneficiation from sludge there's not one solution we have to take new solutions as well so there's the la depa process we've introduced in Durban a lot of energy is going around creating fertilizer and and remember when you're going to use human feces treated for for agriculture and commercial agriculture whatever you have to have the right tk and ratios otherwise it's ton of shit in somebody's backyard and detailing that stuff and it's not enjoyable we've been down that path uh you know trying to experiment that so there's a lot of opportunities that we we're playing around with there's a lot of innovations coming out around what the opportunities on on coal on biochar all those is possible we're looking at pasteurization as options and that looks like some of the products we're generating to the la depa we looked at entrenchment of sludges as well as options and you can see the experiments of bearing and and and the growth is quite good there's a lot of decentralized options that we're looking in more challenging situations and then turning sludge into fuel and other byproducts options and and then looking at uh you know alternative vermiculture and and hybrid processes but the opportunity that arises amongst all of it and and this is the black soldier fly etc is that we can produce oil from these processes that would save millions of hectares and acres of palm forests or natural forests down in southeast asia so if we think differently and we think a little bit crazy and and mad we can make huge changes to the whole sanitation environment and we following the path of the tbc we're saying that this is a circular economy just don't look at it and don't look at sanitation as a charitable and a feel-good kind of activity you know i i criticize some of the water aid guys etc they'd come and they think they honor a huge what you would call religious crusade on bringing solutions into to africa etc you got to think more than that there's a huge market there's a huge potential and there's a huge opportunity to disrupt that so that's the idea that we're bringing around that we can end this madness if we think out of the box thank you i think that was 10 minutes well thanks a lot j i'm i'm sure you were uh we'd like to be mad with you a little bit this was this was really a great intervention so uh key questions we have maybe space for two questions yes and yes okay two ladies there at the back thank you for the presentation it was really enlightening and i can see you have really a laboratory of ideas in south africa i have a question when you say we um are you speaking on behalf of the government how much is the government supporting uh your ideas and the solution or is it also the private sector i would like to know a little bit more about this you need to show me one government that supports you but anyway that's it no look uh when i talk about we it's a bigger family of uh researchers partners i mean it's a big community but in south africa uh you know you hear about sanitation markets it's become a rhetoric of the world bank you know creating markets for poor people etc and you know we i've worked for 50 years with water supply providers i see a lot of them come and give presentations on huge donor funding they get etc that is not the right market okay the right market is working with people outside the sector so working with treasury working with trade and industry they are better instigators of shifting technology and rolling out technology so when i say we in south africa uh looking at that process we actually approached our own trade and industry we didn't go to the water supply guys because we know exactly how they behave and we created an industrial platform around off the grid sanitation they bought into it understanding that it's a climate change issue it's a green energy issue it's a service delivery issue it's five million vip's issue as well and we made the case to them so they bought into it and they're going to put in something like about a billion dollars to create the next generation of technologies or or industry that would go off the grid you know that's the kind of uh approach we're using so we is a big family and yes we do work with government well government watches us working on their behalf put it actually okay thanks a lot jay uh we have the other lady the back yes um yeah thank you for the inspiring presentation you do seem to be here in body and in spirit my question is you have provided a number of solutions and i would be interested in the energy intensity of those solutions and then the second question is actually are we really missing the technologies or are we missing the creation of the market for those technologies there's two ways to answer that uh the new approaches that we are addressing technologies is that we approaching them and the innovation from a market perspective so you know it's like toothpaste you don't make toothpaste and then you ask how many people's teeth are going to be white etc you start with a market to say i know so many people's teeth are yellow and i'm going to tackle it etc so it's the first time in sanitation we're designing systems okay in preparedness for a market okay so that's the uh from my own experience and i i'm not criticizing the gate system etc you know gates through the whole sort of dices on the floor what i'm seeing is that the big game changes are going to come from thermal systems and the energy intensive okay so incineration heating dehydration etc all the future quick wind solutions microwave you can put it and they're all energy intensive but not that large amount of energy because with a lot of smart ways of stealing and hybridizing experiences from the industrial sector the FMCG industry has huge processes they have huge energy intensive intensive and they're dealing with carbon most of their processes are carbon management and we haven't gleaned from that experience so we're starting to see that you can get solar driven systems with low energy intensity that can treat human wastes in about 30 minutes okay completely without producing sludges etc in fact as i speak the first i won't even call it prototype the first units are reaching south africa now for some engineering testing so we want to put it into some communities to really get it pressure tested but i know i've been working with them for two years they work from a process wise they work but human behavior is something i cannot predict you know if it's not white i abuse it if it sticks i abuse it so we're trying all of the stuff to create nonstick coatings and all sorts of stuff in trying to eliminate those kind of challenges but the future in my calculation come to my session two years three years we all be queuing up for the new ipad in your toilet kind of thing it's going to be the game changer okay so really i see that we have the new steve jobs of sanitation creative provocative but with real solutions i've ordered everybody i've ordered my red so i hope you realize you need to go to his session so thanks a lot jade that was really inspiring provocative refreshing as well we need this in uh in such a discussion thanks a lot jade a big applause to jade so i would like to introduce as well now another person that is also very creative innovative and that is well known to the sector and it's christian zebrug who is actually the as you all know a member of the e-work directorate and group leader of the solid waste management so i gain a lot of innovation christian so so much so that when i think about solid waste i want to see you you're the the first one that i'm thinking of when we think about that so looking forward to hearing your presentation you have 10 minutes thanks very much françois so i come from the solid waste sector and my task was kind of to make this link to sanitation and i think many of you probably already realize that there are a lot of links and if you know some technology if you think about technologies you often see those links and often and one of my messages and i'll say it right now is that compared to sanitation solid waste is simple right because the major difference that we have is we don't have such high risks we don't have pathogens really in solid waste we might have some flying toilets things like that we have to think about that but generally the main body of solid waste especially when we're thinking about the organic fractions is free from pathogens i would just like to show you some thoughts that have been having some experiences and maybe highlight with a few examples of technologies of cases to kind of show what potentials and where really the challenges are and i'm i'm not missionarying for resource recovery i think there is a there's a lot of potential in resource recovery to kind of strengthen the sector but there's also there are still a lot of questions and a lot of challenges so not resource recovery for the sake of resource recovery but only when it makes sense you might have seen this diagram you remember this diagram this these functional elements from the compendium i kind of redesigned it and i put the solid waste system into instead of the sanitation system and i took the system template as we call it now it's called segregated organic waste management as an example and what my point is here that you'll see very kind of a lot of parallels to the sanitation system so we have a reuse we have a use a reuse sector we have certain value propositions we have certain products which we can produce from waste right and if we think from a design engineering so we start from the back in typically in resource recovery say okay what product do we want to make which has a certain market and what and how can we make that product and i listed a few products that we can make from organic waste and we know how to do these right and we have the technologies to do these so if we look at at the source of waste what we have is in organics organic solid waste and then we have that user interface which if we want to make use of this organic fraction is household segregation we can say we can sort afterwards but that creates a lot of problems and that of course then starts getting social right because there we need behavior change we need involvement of the people that generate the waste to actually make sure that that happens and then once we have organic waste i put the organics but i didn't follow up on your inorganics let's just look at the organic fraction so we have some some some form of transport human or motorized transport which is waste collection segregated waste collection and then we have maybe hopefully some proven treatment options at a larger scale which can then produce these products so that would be compost that's the larvae for instance that jay just showed that's the worms from vermin composting that can be char or that can be biogas in terms of energy energy source or animal feed or fertilizer for crops of course there's not only this element of larger scale there's also this element of user scale so treatment options at household scale and really then the question is and you all know this maybe you compost at home and that's that's household scale right that's household scale organic waste recovery but the question always is do you have the ability to do that at household scale and is it worth doing it do you feel it's worth doing that making that effort if you know how to do it and you feel you're able to do it to really do do it and that might not necessarily be a cost calculation at that level because it might be really more opportunity costs you have a garden then you're interested in making compost because you use it the garden right and you don't really think about okay how much is the fertilizer costing how much am I saving in fertilizer that's not really what you do but it's more kind of a perception and an opportunity cost actually these questions are the same at that scale but they're on a bit different level it's also do we have the ability do I do we have the skills do we have the technologies to actually do that and is it worth the effort and here worth the effort of course is more than the business approach is it is it does it make sense in in terms of costs to make that special effort in not only making wastewater treatment for instance but making wastewater treatment and from the sludge making char because we want to sell the char right so it's again is that additional effort that you're making is it worth it because it might save costs or is it just creating more costs and so that's really the questions that we have to answer and then of course the last question is okay how can we now link this system to toilet waste and I put here toilet waste I didn't put kind of sanitation waste because I think the excreta part of course is interesting the whole wastewater flow the more the gray water flow I think is is a bit more easier or the gray water flow specifically is a bit more easier to manage at that point we recently made this review from the organic waste and what you see here is actually the whole variation of technologies or processes to reach certain end uses the end uses are below the products are in the middle that we can produce and then we make these categories of I would say treatment processes or technologies so you see here actually the direct use is something which is the easiest to do is the lowest cost but has the highest risk right and then there's there's the one of biological treatment composting vermicomposting black soil supplies and then we have all the kind of more of the physical chemical which often lead to more the energy in the thermal products it gets it can get very complicated and if you look in detail some of them are very specific like transesterification to make glycerol and there if you look into this into these technologies what you find out is that they really only work with very specific types of feedstock right they don't deal with our typical problems that we're all facing household solid waste they're they like take okay some fats from some old oil from some specific industries that's that's worth it then you can make glycerol from that and that's kind of the point that I'm trying to make is that often when we do these highly specialized resource recovery we're actually cherry picking and those are the things that make sense but we're not solving the problem of our basic problem of solid waste management and sanitation especially if not for those which are not serviced or are the most difficult to service then it's rather those fractions which are already serviced where we can easily access waste I try to show this here the choice by market demand so we have different products we have different treatment technologies these are the ones I just put up I'm sure there are many more and what you what I also try to show here is that there are a lot of early co-treatments co-composting was shown before co-digestion for making biogas bricketing pelletizing char production and then of course bsf processing and vermicomposting but still what we shouldn't underestimate is waste sourcing because again what what goes in influences the quality of what goes out and I would like to show this with two examples of technologies so here the problem is what is the transport how do we get it to the market what is the price can we produce in a consistent quality and quantity because that's what the market needs otherwise they can't rely on you as a as a production unit availability of the technology the cost of the technology the skills and ability and the maturity in a way of the technology or is it still in a kind of a pilot trial phase and I think that's what we discussed before are we already at that technology level where we know enough and we can start doing cost evaluations or do are we still working at the technology level like like Jay showed where we really need some fundamental knowledge on how the technology works and how we can process and then of course at the source we have aspects of behavior incentives how can why should the people actually separate what's what's in it for them you know is it is the waste accessible is it a good enough quality okay my first example is bsf treatment so black soldier flies so actually what we're doing is we always talk about these larvae but really what we're actually doing with the treatment process we're we're producing some digest state or the residue after after the larvae are fed on it so that's something like a compost we can even from that we can even make char so we have actually this whole kind of animal feed fertilizer potential energy product we all have it there that's something we've been working on in Indonesia that is a plant in operation one ton per day I would say not that big but not a pilot anymore where we have a nursery where we breed the flies and then we have a treatment unit again what's the what's the what's the kind of critical issues of course one aspect is quality control how can we ensure that the larvae have a consistent quality because if you want to if you want to reach that market we need to ensure that and that means we we need to look at what the source is and yes and another one is the multiple revenue streams we really need a what our experience shows that we need a revenue stream that comes from waste processing for of the task of processing waste and then we have a revenue stream from selling the products we had this recent workshop and it really comes out that we often very few cases can actually get all their revenues only from the sales of products in those cases where they do that they're cherry picking they're only taking certain fractions okay I have to speed up just some examples that's the that's the pilot how well that's the facility how it looks like we recently published an operational guideline we also have a video that shows how to do it and I think that's also that's our mandate to transfer those skills those those aspects of ability and then another example that I like to show you is FS treatment the seek project in Uganda where we made fuel and without making a long baking a long story short the calorific value of this sludge although we the technology works is not great at all and why is that it's because the source is rubbish I mean it's also rubbish yeah it's sludge but it's full of sand and you can burn sand and you'll have a lot of ash but that has no calorific value so suddenly you're faced with the technology that works but your source is not a good quality and that comes from the sanitation facilities in the households which then influences your product so suddenly you're faced with a problem at the source and you really need to always kind of match that in your head and not kind of say okay it's not a one-way process it's an interactive process okay let me let me follow let me finalize that with some conclusions and these are also conclusions that came up in a workshop on circular economy and wash that we had in switzerland recently and those I would say are the ones that I kind of set up in different groups technology so we have to think around products but we have to ensure quality of products and we do not we should not under and underestimate waste sourcing we really most often need w revenue streams we really need to increase cost effectiveness we should think about are we cherry picking or are we impacting on public health issues and if we really want to impact on public health issues sorry there's a typo there we really need to focus on w revenue streams because the other doesn't work and then to follow up on on the first presentation we also need to think about environmental sustainability what are what are the what is the carbon footprint of what we're doing does it make sense how does it compare with other technologies actually if you allow me uh open defecation is most carbon neutral right and but okay that's that's the climate discussion but that's not a discussion we should we should follow up on right so so I think I think we need to really think about that as well uh what kind of incentive-based systems and I think the last is is following up on pie you know how can we really communicate these examples with evidence and that's evidence on technology but also as evidence on cost on cost aspects and kind of implementation units and I think that's what we really need to communicate and that I already said at the beginning because really we can see we can see the the link between sanitation and solid waste very clearly a lot of similarities the big thing about the sourcing and if you don't get the story right you've got the whole story going wrong actually at the beginning but one thing maybe I would like to to make sure this story we're talking about it's not only for indonesia not only for zambia it's also for sweden it's also for uk and sweden is working a lot is developing this type of approach so well you know you know that you you've been visiting some of the swedish new urban development following all these principles so a few questions please yes christoph and antoinette yes thank you very much chris for this very interesting presentation i think it's very interesting to show the link between sanitation and solid waste management and also to highlight the risk i suggest to add another level of risk you we speak about sanitation by three ways it could be interesting also to think which linking with cattle excretas because we know that for example for biogas we do often the link and the mix of the two of the two i think it could be also interesting to do the same exercise and to analyze also the risk we take the second question so that i don't know that was a question that was a statement okay statement you may but you may want to react yeah no i think i agree okay all right good antoinette thank you chris i really liked your presentation and and to echo what elizabeth said i really like the tone of the discussion on reuse because i think it puts in realism it's not about being against or in favor of re reuse but thinking about actually how can we ground it and and and also focus on the issues that are happening in at scale what i was thinking is what would help because intersected as a lot of overheated aspirations or expectations from reuse for example in terms of the revenues that you would get out of it and then if it isn't fully cost recovery then people think then that is appointed whereas actually that is unnecessary if they cover 50 of their cost with reuse they should already be quite happy and and that's a good thing so how can we share such benchmarks about for example the the the effectiveness for example the cost recovery more wider to get a degree of realism in the discussion on reuse my point there is we need evidence we don't have that evidence at the moment you know now from solid waste management i can tell you that doing bsf with organic waste i'm not sure if actually and selling the larvae i'm not sure if it still costs more than transporting the waste and building a sanitary landfill i don't know that i i think so because i implicitly include all the externalities but a government that usually doesn't i mean it's more that's kind of a bigger discussion right and that's a more complicated discussion if we could if we could actually show that it's saves cost and i'm not saying cost recovery i'm saying saving costs as the convention i mean then we're already far ahead but even that we don't really we don't we have some cases i think there are very there are a few cases we know those cases you know there are there are businesses that are operating typically with double revenue sources but and they're operating well so there are there are yeah there are examples but actually documenting those examples communicating those examples i think that's still a quite a that's a gap okay well okay the very last one no yeah we have too many questions one but please very short on a quick direct answer question and also a quick answer from yourself it's asking you to expand so are you looking at the externalities because that was my question you talked about cost a lot which is important but are you looking at that as an as an argument to use yes for instance for bsf i wouldn't say externalities but for instance what we looked at is the carbon footprint which is typically something where where you start where you can argue well with with municipal officers because that's kind of on a high priority level and we had the presentation before you know climate change climate mitigation that is but i wouldn't say on the on the externalities for instance on social impact on economic development on tourism those aspects no we're not covering those yet okay thank you very much christian a big hand to christian what's really interesting so we're coming to our last presentation and we're already into our coffee break unfortunately so but the good news is that there's a lot of interest in these topics especially for the treatment so a reminder to go back behind the gray line i have the pleasure to introduce to you erik kerman erik please welcome erik he is um the urban water management group he's heading the urban water management group at the research institute of sweden rise so we are going back to europe for a few minutes and please the floor is yours erik thank you very much erik kerman is actually my surname it's all almost like the chairman but not exactly the same i hope you will be brave enough for another 10 minutes here and i was mentioned here the swedish urban example and that's actually most what i'm going to speak about some insights about them and referring to a report which is has this english title but unfortunately this is in swedish so i hope hope you have a good swedish all of you so you can read this i did this work together with two scientists from lund sanitary engineering and two people from the water utilities of helsing borough marinette and sofia so i will come back to why helsing borough is important here helsing borough has is a city in the south of sweden it's around 100 000 inhabitants and they are uh rebuilding an area in the very center part of helsing borough called h plus where it has been a former harbor and industrial area and they are going to build uh quite a lot of apartments there and the first uh first uh first uh spot of it is 300 apartments and there they decided to build a separated system with blackwater systems and it's soon going to be built the system and some uh some details about it they will have vacuum systems for blackwater and it will be transported uh collectively so it's a combination of vacuum and low pressure system for transporting this blackwater to uh tanks collection tank which will be situated very close to this area where the waste water treatment plant is also and there they will also have food waste grinders in the kitchens so there will be a separate stream of waste water from food waste also separate transported and collected in a tank and finally there will be gray water from from showers and washes and so on and the gray water will also be handled separately and in a separate pipe and they have a test bed and they have financed test bed where they're going to work they will have these big tanks where they collect these three substrates and they will test different things the different processes to extract or how to use and treat these different uh streams in uh in the near future so that's Helsingborg with a very urban example we have also um uh what we also studied a more existing example maybe you have had study visits there if you've been to sweden on Stockholm area before this is south of sweden south of Stockholm so to tell you where we have a hygienization facility for blackwater from individual houses where they have vacuum to tank systems there's uh uh collections with with the trucks and and transported to this facility where they have a liquid composting combined with urea hygienization and storage this is on a farmland and they spread this substrate on the farmlands and they have had like five years of of good uh um good operation so it's uh it's a good example but still it's a challenge what they thought is not that the big challenge is not to run this facility the problem is to uh the challenge is actually to force the house owners to install these vacuum systems to get more of these good systems a third example which is in this report is from Västerås it's uh west of Stockholm city and in around 130 000 persons i think there is an area an area on the transition it's a formally a holiday camp called Munga where they are where there are 280 279 houses and um they had individual systems but there are no uh building uh collective system a municipal system where they will have um source separation blackwater and gray water and the gray water will be treated locally in um with uh with the soil filters and the the black water will be collected with um in a tank and transported to uh to the agriculture close by for hygienization and used as a fertilizer so this has actually been built so this was in january when i was there it was just started so in one year or so there will be this system will be up and running uh yeah technical details for the engineers uh low pressure systems here not vacuum systems so we will have got more water in the flushes here it's more like conventional toilets but separate separated black water and gray water and actually they have water supply from the city in a pipe here so uh there will be a totally central system for water supply okay and we looked uh about experience we were this project was to support these municipalities and also other municipalities who were planning to uh introduce separated systems so we looked at uh at experiences mostly from other countries in in europe like netherlands belgium germany switch uh switzerland so uh we supported these municipalities with some general information about different technical parts we saw that from the transport systems that kitchen waste disposal is uh it's a well established technology so they work well but they are not used in most of these examples we need as a little amount of water as possible so that's a challenge to decrease the water use in in this kind of system the gravity systems for black water is only a few experiences but positive so far also here there is a balance of course you need water to for these systems to work with the gravity but um you will want as small amount of water as possible of course for the reuse part and when you collect them in tanks and so on vacuum systems uh we had a number of problematic uh things what we saw in the in the past but we we have seen that the new systems work quite quite good and about the treatment and recovery processes in source separation systems we see that there is not so much examples of digestion i think that there is a great potential uh liquid compost composting is a little bit more well known at least in the Nordic countries it's quite sensitive but it works and it works very good in Södertälje together with the urea hygienization we have good examples of stew white production and only a few examples of membrane technology used and since promising anyhow so what we also did a lot in this this work was to do some economic analysis and what we did with this is Helsingborg and we were they needed some proofs that the separated system for h plus wouldn't uh wouldn't be an economical crisis for the municipality and that's what you can look at when you compare the bars one and two from the left so we saw that looking at the whole city and we have if we would build a separated system for around 10 of the of the inhabitants then it will not cause so much extra costs actually for the municipality as a whole and then we have the third bar showing the costs of a separated system just comparing ones just purely separated system and then you can see that separated system is as around calculating all of these different stakeholders you can see that it's around 20 percentage more expensive than a conventional system and we can also see here that most of the costs is on the household part actually so the equipments within the houses is the biggest cost so what we the what the utilities has been very afraid afraid of the cost for them but we saw that the costs extra costs for them is not actually so very large in the Helsingborg case there are also some of course benefits from separated system we get good nutrients and more energy maybe and then we can get some extra incomes from the systems but that's very small amount of money comparing to the costs on the last slide okay so our conclusions from this study is that we need to work more with the planning and implementation issues some regulations are working against separated systems they need some harmonization of the of these policies and regulations we need a better involvement from the agriculture the actually end users of the products to have their aspects of how these products should be and also we need a better educated building sector because they know nothing about the system actually and when we go into more existing houses like in Westeros we need a very good communication strategy with the house owners if they should get these systems so as I mentioned before we have we have we calculated that we had around 20 percent more costs for for the separated system in Helsingborg but that's quite good conditions there could be more costly in other other parts of course and of course we see that there is a lot of potential in separated system and we think there is good reasons to still work with this and we actually have an ongoing project called macro now where we where we still support these municipalities and also work with other municipalities who who are interested in this and I work together with Jennifer McConville and Elizabeth Kvarnstrom in this project for instance maybe some other in this room so if you know them you can also ask them about that project thank you very much all right um a quick question from Claudia or who was rising the hand yeah Claudia okay the question is yours thank you very much for the presentation I'm wondering about the Yuri diversion systems you have not mentioned them is there still any existing I know that the Gustavsberg is not producing anymore I think at the flush yeah I mean the flush toilet yeah I don't think there are any you were in diversion flush toilets on the market anymore unfortunately you have an idea why yeah there was I think we have a dead market actually because we had the exempt and we have still some up and running systems in Stockholm but there was some not so good experience from them and I think it's very sad because it's it's things that could have been improved very easily so at this stage the black water system is what what the municipalities are interested in but we are we are writing a little bit about during the version as well in this report but not yeah so excellent thank you Eric so resource recovery from sanitary systems I think this is what Roland mentioned before it's true that you are standing in here for yes in Europe we are also looking back at opportunities for resource recovery it's not only something we want to do in urban South Africa and this has been this session thank you very much closing thank you to the presenters thank you to the moderators it's a break until 20 minutes before five stay tuned great things to come you don't you don't have a clicker right so yeah we're a little bit don't you just have to stop please sit down so we are in the which number of sessions four maybe yes fourth fourth session um so I hope you got some energy from from coffee from from sweets so and some oxygen as well so we can continue and I have the honor to share together with Doreen Washington institutions and gender and our first speaker I'm happy to invite to speak Jessica Brinton from Gates Foundation she will talk about their experience when it comes to looking at gender and sanitation and the intersection so hi everyone I hope you are all doing okay and are awake after the break um today I'm going to talk a little bit about the Gates Foundation's gender journey and that sounds like a weird thing to say but it turns out that we discovered we aren't doing gender mainstreaming that well and we want to do it better and so I'm going to talk a little bit about why that happened how we figured that out and then what we are learning already um I will very humbly tell you my background is not gender gender expertise I am a policy and advocacy expert that's where my background is um and I've been working on wash and global health for a long time so that's what I bring to this and like many members of my team didn't have a lot of that expertise going in and so this was a journey for us personally as well and it's been really fun so I'm excited to share it with you so these are the what we're going to cover today what we're learning and then why this matters for you I hope you guys will be able to take away some of these lessons for your own organizations but also please tell us ideas and feedback because we're still evolving and how we're thinking about all of this as well so let's get started and so back in 2014 a co-founder of the foundation Melinda Gates wrote an article in science magazine and in the magazine she called out two things one that gender equality gender empowerment and gender mainstreaming are something we have to do better in development and the second thing was that the Gates Foundation has to do better themselves and we need to figure out how to do that and so what we did is we decided to take a few of our 26 program strategies and try to take them through this learning journey and figure out how do we make this happen well what needs to happen and then how do we make grants that are more gender intentional how do we help our programs and our grantees to think about this in a really positive way so the wash team volunteered not surprisingly and and we said okay what do we need to do and so what they did is they actually sent us through three different four-hour long trainings on gender and so although I'm not a gender expert after that and I actually went through it twice I'm starting to feel more like one and it really went from the basics of gender and sex and definitions and all of that all the way through how do you think about making better gender intentional grants because most of us are program officers we also started thinking about what are some of the data gaps that are in the sector between wash and gender and how do we help to fill them as the foundation and then how do we really think about our strategy moving forward and how we do that and the results of that have been hopefully smarter staff members and program officers that many of you work with but also that we have a couple of products that we're going to talk about today some of the initial findings and you will hear it'll be a quite a different presentation from the our other systematic review because I am not an eminem person so I'll tell you kind of some of the things I found really exciting in the research and then we will have a webinar later on that gives more detail from our ME and experts if you guys want to dig down into the weeds and get really meaty and here's kind of where we are and where we're going to be going in the future this stuff is all in process at the bottom so we still have a long ways to go but we're excited with the progress we've made and I would say that before this kind of gender intensive training that we've been going through that we really looked at at gender in a couple of ways one was really through menstrual hygiene management and the other was through our technologies and a lot of the innovative technologies that we're creating working with our partners to create and that was really it now we're really trying to look at how do we integrate gender and think about gender across the entire value chain in some ways it's really easy and in some ways it's really hard and I'll talk a little bit more about why that is I'm gonna kind of skip through this a little bit but this is some of the work that we've already done and we're happy to talk about this more in the break we're really excited about MHM and that will continue to be part of the overall kind of gender work that we're doing but across that whole value chain and so we won't think of it separately we'll really think about it's integrated into the whole work that we're doing and this is kind of how we've been thinking about it and just a couple of examples of the work that we've been doing kind of in different pieces of these four components access to knowledge access to products access to services and better social norms and we will share these presentations so you guys can read more about some of the things and this is one of our partners then Africa okay so I'm trying to move us along to the learning section because I think that's what most people in the room are interested to hear about and so we we did two things an evidence review systematic evidence review of the linkages between sanitation and gender across the entire value chain and we'll use that value chain to have our researchers really look at those different segments and so the the actual evidence review is about 100 pages and we're working on a summary that's down to 30 now I've reviewed it for like the 10th time so uh so hopefully we'll have a really manageable piece that you guys can look at and use for your programs but we really wanted the evidence to review to look at a few things one how does gender influence sanitation and how does sanitation influence gender across that whole value chain we also wanted to know how strong is the evidence that that's out there let me tell you there are a lot of gaps and so I'm going to make a lot of generalizations here today that are are going to reflect sometimes only a few studies in some cases maybe 10 studies some maybe one so when you read the evidence review all of that's in there and actually talks about the quality of that evidence but I'm going to make some some pretty big assumptions today just kind of as a summary uh that's exciting because it means there's a lot more work for all of us to do so we should we should think of that as glass half full but it does mean there's a lot of things we don't know yet and then of course we want to look at kind of what are those gaps and how can we invest in filling those gaps we the foundation but more importantly we a community and how do we think about that okay so I'm going to go through these pretty quickly because I know I'm on a schedule uh so the first one that with what are the findings that we we found was not surprisingly there are gender differences but that's an important thing to establish and those differences do impact programs if you don't take them into account and they also are relevant across almost the entire value chain there's two big gaps one is around participation of women in activities and decision making and in leadership those are pretty big important things and you'll see that that shows up at some of our learning agenda issues later the second is barriers there are a lot of barriers that result as a result of gender differences and that not considering gender differences actually creates barriers so that's really important it's something we really need to start to think about more across our work and those underlying gender norms that we're all aware of but don't necessarily think about when we're planning our programs the evidence shows they do make an impact and change the results of our work relationships uh this one's not going to be shocking uh marriage and relationships are complicated and therefore really change the way that we interact with households and that's important if you think about that from a decision making point of use perspective access purchasing different products and I'm not just talking about menstrual hygiene products any kind of sanitation product uh or technology and then of course decision making and participating in larger decision making processes in a community at the state national uh or international level this was an interesting finding and it is more nuanced than what I have up here um what we've found is that sanitation is not the driver of gender-based violence there are many many factors in the communities where women experience gender-based violence that are causing that but we do know that when sanitation is unsafe it does create women to fear gender-based violence and therefore uh you know for example in Nairobi slums do flying toilets or in other situations um change their their mobility and access because of that fear so even if it might not be the cause of the gender-based violence we do know that the fear is very very real learning and work it turns out this is not surprising I think either but it's good to have the evidence to back it up bad sanitation impacts boys and girls we do know that it can't impact girls more particularly when they're going you know when they're having their period but it impacts both and there still is relatively limited research on the gender differences that impact men and women in the workplace there's one study that I'm going to talk about in just a few minutes that that I think is really interesting that points to maybe there's more here than we originally thought technology at gender differences are rarely considered in new technologies and and this is still true even though we all think we're really evolving in the way we're thinking about this the evidence shows it's still true so it's something we need to work on and and one of the things here I think that's interesting is that still menstrual hygiene products are not considered in technology so we talk about it a lot but they're still not really integrated into those technologies and policy we've seen some exciting things happening lately but there's still just isn't a lot of evidence looking at how women participating in policy processes impacts whether or not those policies are better for women and men and generally and there's something interesting here and that's that there's some really significant movements around menstrual hygiene management policies in countries like Uganda and India but we don't really have an assessment of what good policy is for those things so how do you tell a country whether or not they have good policy if you don't have a way to assess that policy so there's some room and some work some interesting things we can dive into here and as a policy person that gets me very excited on the eminy front there is still really eminy only limited to access and use and that's with pretty minimal consideration for measuring outcomes and so again something really hard that we're going to have to figure out and work through together and I was excited to hear about some of the other presentations where we're looking at improving eminy for advocacy and outcomes I think that'll be really valuable to fill this gap okay um so I'm gonna this is really hard to read and so I'm going to pull out a couple of the things I found most interesting from this and just quickly flip through it and then again uh feel free to dig in when the when the publication's available because there's some good stuff in here uh so an interesting finding and we know this that that the discriminatory gendered social norms impact men and women we're not only talking about women we're talking about gender in zombie of rural men are prohibited from sharing shared from toilets with in-laws and grown adolescent curls that means open defecation I have one minute left oh my goodness so yeah I get too excited I talk too much okay I'm going to flip to the thing that I think's really interesting about the workplace okay so so in uh one this is the finding about the work study and I mentioned there just isn't a lot of research left about this um but one of the this is from Pune India and and this is a forthcoming study that we got our hands on and it basically shows that we think that women are taking lower paid jobs just to have secure sanitation and this is probably due to the gender-based violence fear this is probably also true um because they're they can't access toilets in places like marketplaces which have more bathrooms for men or it's easier for men to relieve themselves in public so I'm gonna I have to flip through all these sorry there's really good stuff in here watch this the teaser we'll share these um and this is the biggest finding and that is that sanitation is not on its own the solution to achieving gender equality or improving women's empowerment but it can play a really important role and it has to and so I'm going to now flip through all this other good stuff and we're going to um I'm gonna just put up some sorry guys oh oh I'll share them with you okay so some ideas for action and and this is some of the stuff that we actually talked about in our 15 hours of gender training and it's really things that we're thinking about every day so how do we really think about gender analysis in our work and when I say our I mean our how do we think about not only from the proposal writing process but all the way through to your work plans and actually implementing them um how do we check our own gender assumptions we have a lot of them we all do so how do we make sure we're thinking about that how do we get capacity on our staff so unlikely we could all hire gender expert teams like the foundation has but how do we make sure our teams have enough knowledge to do this work and then how do we think about how we analyze information get disaggregated data and think about data collection methods to make sure we're getting the information we're actually trying to get and and with that I will put up the the teaser that additional resources are coming soon the evidence review the summary and the three programmatic case studies which I didn't get a chance to talk about today but really go in depth into how three different programs are trying to think about being gender intentional uh in their work and really analyzes the challenges and successes they've had uh so those will all be available this fall I'm hoping in the next month uh but I put December just to be safe uh and and here uh we have a study that came out a couple years ago that's more on the menstrual health um and gender equity that is available online on the fsg website so thank you all created a lot of uh buzz yeah interest so yeah I think people want to know more so we're going to wait for those studies to come out so thanks a lot uh so questions um do we have any yes please thanks Jessica for the um great energetic presentation um one question I know that Gates Foundation focused a lot on water uh on sanitation but did you also look slightly at water issues that are also um related uh well some of the programs dealt in what you know broader wash definition so in that respect yes but this really did focus in on the interlinkages between sanitation and and gender yeah any more yes hi Jessica thank you for the interesting presentation uh just a question if if you've occurred or you found in your why the research doing the research any paper studies related to female inmates and prisons and sanitation in yeah um I can safely so we the study included a hundred uh research papers both published journal articles and great literature and I did not read all hundred of them I will be honest about that um in the in the deep evidence review there weren't any examples that were pulled out about prisons so so I don't know um but I'm happy to share the full reference list with you in case there's something in there that you're particularly interested in but to my knowledge that wasn't pulled out in any of the summary documents more questions otherwise I have one now just you had a lot of action points for your own funding programs how do you think this work will or has it already influenced what you're you're financing and on framing your your your financing let me put up this question maybe you yeah that flashed so so uh it's great to get another slide in um so the currently what's happening is we're really working with all of our grantees and potential grantees to try to weave in gender more intentionally into those proposals um and that's happening this year right now um and there is already an expectation within our team that that's something that you'll get asked during kind of our internal review process how are you thinking about gender how are you thinking about the whole value chain or the pieces that that proposal is is really looking at so that's already happening and then um these are a few of the prioritized learning questions that we pulled out um some are around policy because it's a it's a big gap decision making and influencing at different levels um but you also see here that there's um things around social norms and and really thinking about again how to mainstream gender and sanitation programming and design because we want those tools that are going to help all of us do this better and not just think about it from an internal Gates Foundation perspective so we think of all this is kind of global good and and we're hoping to continue to share what we're what we're doing and improving hopefully over time so yeah thanks a lot Jessica and then I hand over to Doreen yeah thank you very much Jessica so I would like to take uh the opportunity to introduce you to the next presenter that is uh Dr Ulrike Pokorski um uh you want to go after Bella oh okay then um sorry just a quick uh change um Ulrike will come after Bella so I will introduce uh Bella Monza uh Bella um is working for the GIZ Sustainable Sanitation Sector program and will give us an overview on the fit for school program um that is worldwide thank you yes thank you uh yes I will give you a very brief overview of some principles for uh school programs uh wash in schools programs there is a regional fit for school program implemented in four countries in Asia Cambodia Indonesia Laos and the Philippines going to the next year yes you might all be aware of the uh the the SDGs for winds there are new sustainable development it's the wash in schools is covered by the SDGs and very important now there are three target areas it's very mainstreamed now it's drinking water sanitation and hygiene and this is coming from the JMP that there is also now a lettered approach what school should reach and by the year 2015 it's expected that all schools should reach basic services which means all schools should read drinking water is available in school toilets usable toilets that new we don't speak of just toilets anymore we speak of usable toilets which means functional and clean which is completely new aspect suddenly we have maintenance aspects in the in the indicators which is totally new and for hygiene schools should have basic hand washing facilities with water and soap so availability of soap is suddenly uh an indicator and these indicators are measured in the education sector and each and every school has to measure that now it's part of the AMIS basic education information system for all schools do that in order to reach that the question is how can that really be reached programs have to be very very simple and have to engage within the system only then they can be scalable and sustainable and that's a very I think it's a very important slide to to see that only interventions which are so simple that a system which is normally a very weak system the education sectors are very weak if we come with complex solutions they will never be able to absorb that and scale can only be reached if the implement the education sectors themselves implemented so the scalability will only come in when the sector themselves implemented that means the education sectors themselves scale it up cannot be done by donors never ever we had that slide this morning again infrastructure alone will not solve the problem if anything is going to happen to improve the situation for children a whole school-based management has to be there with parents involved with the building of routines if you want to do behavior change you need to establish routines the school is the best place for that so the goal is really to support government partners to sustainably scale up national wins programs in selected Asian countries that's what the program is doing and you can for example see here a group hand washing facility in Laos very very simple but these things can be scaled up because that's done by the government themselves just briefly this program has started in 2011 or the beginning of 2012 basically started in all of these countries with only model schools and the scale up has always been done by the government themselves yeah and that's what this fit for school approach is about really supporting the government to define their own indicators to define their own program and help them to scale it up the good thing is when it's a regional program as this there's a lot of learning between each other between countries so the countries learn from each other they have exchange platforms same approaches can be used same materials here and there can be adapted to the country context and you can also use technical systems or M&E systems so there's a lot of exchange between the countries and that's already my end yeah and of course all of this goes into the work of Susanna and interestingly we have a lot of questions from many other countries or even government delegations are coming with their own funds to see and to learn because that's what interests them what they can do by themselves okay I rushed through it so I hope I got it thanks Bella I really like the simplicity of this but there is one if you go but can you go back to slide number two one one yeah this one here you talk about functional toilets but I think what I'm not sure if the functionality just stops at the user and what I've my experience from Africa is we need to also put the emptyable part of it because in most cases what we see is the toilets that are built in schools rural schools they are still online pit letterings and every second year they have to build a new facility you can see it's called improved facility should be it's not unimproved it should be improved which should also be and that's that's included but that sorry but that that definition of improved facility is very broad and in a lot of cases that is missed out and what we see is schools are huge generators of fecal sludge absolutely no question this also not coming this is the global these are the SDG indicators for washing schools they're coming from the jmp the joint monitoring program together with an expert group these indicators were developed of course they were very broad to cover all status yeah also you can have even for advanced situations countries should define their own advanced levels but I fully agree this is also not talking about ratio you do not find ratio anymore previously you found ratio 25 toilets 20 25 girls for one toilet 50 boys all these things have are not in here anymore because that's too detailed I think the the interesting thing to be defined at national level I think that's where our support from many of us should come in because it is to be that's the broad thing it's sort of a driver under SDG for so now there's something will happen now it's our role that something good happens the definition that's specifically for this year but in fact there's there is a definition for basic service and the word improved that jmp is promoting so I I think it's great that at least at that third level up there's going to be some consistency globally for what that means so but we have to do our part to to promote what the word improved means and to promote what the word basic service means because those are terms have been introduced by jmp very recently yeah thank you very much yeah another round of applause for bella okay um okay now I'll quickly introduce our next speaker that is Dr. Ulrika pokosky she's the head of the sustainable water policy sector program since 2012 and is the program director of sanitation for millions and during her session she will provide us with input on the newly launched sanitation for millions initiative so welcome Ulrika thank you Doreen yeah the reason I wanted to come after bella is that um we're actually building on the experience of bella and so then it's easier if you have her experience first I would like to present a global program which was built which was originally conceived as a program to foster access on sanitation and the financing could only be secured by focusing on the politically hot subject of the refugee crisis which in fact adds to the strain of sanitation so combining access to sanitation with a refugee focus was the starting point for this global program it is not limited to refugee situations but it was a starting point to make it politically appealing um sanitation for millions focuses for a start on sanitation in public institutions it is conceived as a multi multi donor program it's conceived to grow so eventually it is also going to extend its reach to the household level but for the time being we're working in schools where we're strongly building on the experience from fit for school that bella just presented um on in mosques in jordan and in basic health units in pakistan we're working on improving the situation in schools we're increasing access to public sanitation but also on creating adequate framework conditions tackling what was just mentioned the sanitation chain to the transport transporting and disposal but also looking at creating job opportunities along the sanitation chain and last not least there is also the idea to create leverage and to get other donors on board um the pilot countries we've selected so far um are jordan pakistan and uganda they are relevant in terms of refugees they are relevant in terms of the sanitation situation but they were also countries and this is a strength of such a global program where we found willingness on the ground willingness we found political we thought policies that were set to go to the next level we found willingness so we found uh that we go with the program where uh there is need and willingness to act the i won't run you through the details of the country concept but maybe some highlights from jordan in jordan we are focusing on inclusive access in schools and it actually has been interesting to see that um the focus on inclusion in sanitation actually makes the operation and maintenance of the toilets easier because since the disabled pupils that the special needs pupils they usually often have an adult accompanying them so they're more adults present in the sanitation facilities which has a totally positive side effect on vandalism so this is very interesting inclusion actually increases or improves the operation and maintenance um yeah we also have another approach that may be interesting is to build on existing positions so in in what we call the german hausmeister concept we train the guards of the schools to become uh caretakers to do the repairs so we don't need an extra budget line to have someone who does this but we use people who are already there train them and give them an additional job satisfaction an additional title so we won't use need a new budget line within the ministry um yeah in pakistan maybe um the interesting thing one interesting thing concerning gender that we found in pakistan because gender was mentioned was um that the girls schools actually have quite good results in terms of cleanliness because the girls themselves they will clean the school so it's relatively easy to get the operation and maintenance and the cleanliness at least not the not the plumbery work but that's relatively easy to get it done in the girls schools on the other hand um if we look to the the concept in the mosques we have an interesting gender concept in the mosques in jordan using female um religious workers which are called why that for sanitary education we wanted to roll this out to pakistan it won't work because women won't have access to the mosques in pakistan well for the sake of time i don't go into the country concept of jordan i just mentioned it is a results based approach so uh the money is going to go where the results are best and we can have additional countries also based on where we expect the best results um yeah well i don't go into this because i think my time is over if you want further information come to me i give you my card and we can go further into detail thank you very much olrika any questions elizabeth thank you so much for an extremely interesting presentation um it was something definitely related to your presentation but also on a different level that kind of flew through my head when you said about when you said now just now that the best its results based which we normally think is very good um and the best projects will continue to get funding but if we connect that back to what we talked about this morning about failures is this kind of focus on result based what is that going to do with the reporting about failures i was just it's a general question to everybody well i think that i mean the the diversity of the approaches we try different things and the things that work best will be upscaled and it's part of i think um if we want to be innovative we'll have to try things and try them first and if they won't work then it doesn't mean i think it can be a chance an opportunity actually if you have a program that is set out in one region on one subject and if it fails then your program funding is ending you cannot communicate it has failed if you have this kind of global program which has different arms if the work in say the mosques in jordan doesn't turn out to really work sustainably if we encounter barriers that we hadn't thought of well we can then instead of putting the money into the mosques in jordan put it into the inclusive schools in jordan or also into the basic health units in pakistan yeah so it doesn't mean that you know our program is in danger because if we're if we're honest this is what what sometimes happens right that you that you do not report your failures because then you're afraid if you report your failures my program is going to be closed down and what will become of me yeah so the and and this is why in the program we work together with our bilateral program which work often on slightly different issues so they help us getting the sanitation approach is done but their jobs does not depend on sanitation for millions they have another thing they do on the side so i think this kind of approach actually is um yeah a tool to reporting where we where we found difficulties like i said with the mosques in with the mosques in pakistan we found we we thought we're going to bring this mosque approach to pakistan and we found now it doesn't it doesn't work out one more question from antonette yeah i wanted to react on what elisabeth said about uh rbf approaches and and getting failure out because uh smv and i'm very closely involved in that smv implements a very large rural sanitation program which is completely rbf funded and we're in the fourth year now of it and i think i i'm really enthusiastic about it it has been very tough but the good thing in an rbf setting is that you you're already from the start agree 100 success rate doesn't exist whereas in many other funding situations the the discourse is it's going to be a hundred plus percent success rate so i i like that we that we ground that that type of conversations and then we start a conversation okay this is the type of success that we want to have it's not just numbers now how do we measure that in a in a way which is convincing for both of us uh but which also isn't too expensive right so i i think that we should not be afraid of rbf in thinking that our failures will not come out my personal shock coming back to europe is the level of unrealistic discourse about development in which we promise everything and the success rates are 200 percent it appears right i totally agree i think it's very good point and we actually do this we discount for expected failure expected unsustainability okay thank you very much olrika another round of applause please okay okay then then i have the pleasure to invite the next speaker in a jurga from wash united and head of washing schools almost yeah some program okay okay and i guess you will talk more about menstrual hygiene the day 2017 and also a new initiative that you have menstrual hygiene alliance so please yes hello everyone and thanks susana for inviting me to talk about menstrual hygiene management and which i haven't found a single session in the world water week program that capture this so thank you and also jessica for carving the way yes i'm head of behavior change communication for wash united and also the international coordinator for image day which i'm going to introduce in a while and i'm also going to tell you a little bit about the menstrual hygiene alliance which was reached recently launched okay that's a bit yeah okay um half of the world menstruates uh every month for a large part of their life that's a fact right um yes um however there are a lot of challenges around it so there's the topic is clothed in silence in taboo in many countries around the world but particularly in developing countries girls face challenges um in getting access to education only for example one in two girls in india knows about menstruation when she has her first period um there are challenges regarding access to sanitation water um disposal options and also to sanitary products um there is overall very low political and funding priority um giving for example compared to water and sanitation and the impact on women and girls they're real they're stigmatization and exclusion um for girls they suffer reduced confidence and shame for just a very natural bodily function uh every month and especially when they start puberty a very sensitive time in life they miss school and work and we have reported studies that says one in two girls in uh Uganda report missing one to three days every month um missing out on education same as uh also at workplace and increase health risk from unhygienic practices are quite common sorry yep okay and was united uh as an NGO in berlin we thought about how to address those challenges and four years ago we uh come up with the idea to establish a menstrual hygiene day which was celebrated on 28 may um and to really catalyze progress on awareness uh education and advocacy and the idea was to really create an open platform for everyone to engage and that's the beauty of awareness days so while was united as a initiator manages the partnerships manages campaign content etc is really everyone can engage from individuals to organizations everywhere and we can really see it's a wave that lifts all the boat by just having the opportunity um it fosters partnership and collaboration at global national and local level which is really beautiful oops sorry um and i want to explain you a little bit what happened this year because it was the fourth year but we saw more action than ever and it makes me really proud um we chose the topic of education and under the slogan um education about menstruation changes everything we created uh lots of campaign materials for partner to use we had a campaign on social media and we used the storytelling principle what changes uh can be achieved through education and i want to show you um the the highlight video that we created i've saw it here yeah it's very short tchau tchau that's not mine or maybe it's not now i can play this yeah but there was a different video and that's the minimum amount of times a healthy woman is told the biology limits her mentally physically and emotionally you see since a young age i was taught menstruation was supposed to be kept in the hidden or whispered some constantly paranoid carrying whispers stay free and more just so i could stay stress free hoping no one whispers behind my red stained jeans but you see i was born into a house of privilege well maybe uh we can discuss this in the it's taught me that my periods don't limit me the only thing that could limit me would be my mentality so the days i stay in bed because i'm bleeding out of my legs my brother tells me to go be productive he tells me there's a world out there i'm yet to conquer in the sixth grade shashute ma'am give the sex talk to my class without separating boys or girls she sensitized boys to puberty and growth and she introduced us to a whole new world that year when i stay in my uniform the very same boys handed me their hoodies to wear they told me it was my superwoman week because if my body's made of stardust and my skin matches land and my body's geology can make continents tremble and mountains move you aren't allowed to tell me that i should be shy because i paint a town red for a week every month of my life because if i wasn't given the chance to believe that we could live in a world if we could talk about this openly we could live in a world where we are taught to bleed with pride in a world where something this common and natural doesn't force us to hide in a world where we celebrate the only blood that bleeds with our violence in a world where pads aren't wrapped and monologues aren't silenced in a world where you and i can just be as we are irrespective of our genitals and irrespective of our bodies then we must so dot dot dot dot dot dot dot dot dot dot dot that's the minimum amount of times we can encourage and empower a woman and make sure a period doesn't equal a stop they'll get me shivers i saw it many times um sorry and this video went viral it was amazing so we had 7.8 million viewers on our indian facebook page alone it was shared in almost by bollywood stars and almost all indian media but also global media picked it up and uh it uh oops sorry so it was really a contributor that this year's mh day really achieved from coming from silent to vocal we had an amazing number of 158 million people that we reached for digital channels and we had a significant coverage in tv and radio and print media um as you could oops uh this is always a bit technical here um online campaigns were conducted by also by other partners and here are some in the rooms like plan unicef global citizen and indonesian government and what was really amazing to see was just not the reach i mean that was great and fantastic but it created a discussion it created dialogue uh among the average people beyond the development sector that is engaged so the figures on top showing that we had 15 times more interaction rate on the average post and people discuss gender equality people in uh nigeria picked up the same uh message from the video um so we can see that maybe mh day this year really contributed to break the silent and start the conversation which made me quite proud um and of course events contribute to break the silence on the ground uh i was sitting there and i found 350 events in 54 country took place and it's more than uh the last year um showing that it's a momentum we had more government development sector partners coming on board and also uh government national governments um they start taking up the issue like ugana was always at the forefront kina but we also had gana this year and uh kongo even so i want to show you some yeah this is also from the graphics that we can see a really steep increase and uh we can even go higher um and while india was the country with the biggest number of events it's it's nice to see that's also equal between africa and asia and also uh other countries in europe and usa are taking up um the topic to celebrate on 28 may and i want to show you some impressions um so we had um awareness events also in sweden um yes oops sorry i'm just technically um the event the day is used for education and uh engagement with governments also partners as i said come together and uh mobilize um governments to celebrate and in gana they issue the government issued a statement that mh day should be commemorated in all the schools so how you can get involved so please come and official partners whoo ah so yeah it's on youtube it's on youtube on menstrual hygiene day.org so please visit me so give me one more minute to to introduce the menstrual hygiene alliance because as much menstrual hygiene day is celebrated on uh 28 may um we can really see this movement um we need to benefit and catalyze pro uh progress on mhm all year round and that mh they can't do this so um that's why um global citizens in mavi and washington united have initiated um the menstrual hygiene alliance in uh may this year it's the work in progress but um what is important to say it's not it's an initiative it's not in own organizations we really want to benefit from existing platforms from existing networks to integrate menstrual hygiene management into ongoing processes so these are the four outcome areas we want to so the idea is to work on high level um policy advocacy um increased funding for mhm increased awareness and social norms and evidence-based decision making we've drafted a work program that i'm happy to talk um with you in more details uh after this or over the next days and of course you maybe ask yourself how you can get engaged so please get in touch if you either work in some high level advocacy work around wash reproductive health rights education gender again the idea is to amplify voices of everyone and be much more have more weight and power um if you're interested and know about funding in mhm um and i'm looking at the donors i'm looking we would like to cooperate and the mhm education challenge is uh for partners who work currently on mhm education to come together um and uh announce commitments and what their successes have been so thank you very much thank you yeah me too so uh thanks a lot do we have questions the audience yes i think the figures are really uh amazing so congratulations for such an advocacy success absolutely uh question a bit that is this a new platform which is being created because you said we use existing platforms but this is not an existing it's a newly created between different organizations is that correct so the alliance right yeah yeah what i understood so the alliance was just launched in may um with uh the free uh initiating partners um global citizen um zimavi and wash united but it's really we're looking forward to join forces with other platform with other partners to also represent the alliance so it's not limited to those three organizations we're currently organizing work programs and advocacy strategy but it's really open for partners engaged in the work programs to to to join yes another last question how would the joining work i mean we're working on menstrual hygiene management obviously in the schools how could we how would we join as an organization would we join as a program as an organization and especially if you do mhm education we'd love to talk to giz uh about the mhm education challenge and also how we can um together do the advocacy so um yeah just just in you could just to understand it if that is such this is a big movement all over at the moment but for example that could also be have brought to the susana network and move it here i mean is there and a benefit of having a new just maybe explain it yeah good question um yeah i think if you for example i think mhm is a lot driven also from the wash sector but if we bring it to um for example to the health sector or education sector if you speak on behalf of a menstrual hygiene alliance to advocate for mhm it gives another um power than if you say i'm talking on susana who's doing xyz so it's if you're susana member if you're uh representing giz you can also then if you're if we're in dialogue have uh represent the mh alliance which gives you more weight and more value to the voice to bring it in that's the idea it's the same like mh day um that you can use as a as a platform thank you thanks a lot and thanks our speakers with that we are running up that session yes yes a small technical break i guess yes but i think we just continue with the okay it's about regional chapters so please everybody stay in the room um we had already some good examples in the afternoon from our colleagues in zambia kenya yuganda and now we will go even further and uh have examples from uh from india and from latin america and from the mina region um so my name is ankatrin i'm sharing the session together with my colleague shobana from the susana secretariat and um so i just before we start i want to quickly say a few words about the region chapters because they are quite a new initiative from susana so we started in 2015-16 with the indian chapter so um that was triggered by by the indian by the government by the large sanitation programs launched in india and in need to have discussion around their challenges and sustainability of that programs which we brought upon the susana platform we will hear today as well about ideas around a chapter in latin america so i won't tell anything about that because davo will tell us later what he has in mind and what others has in mind about latin america and the chapter there or activities there and uh now we are going to start with the manate chapter and examples from the manate chapter that came up i think last year when there was an increased attention about that region when there were more refugees in that region humanitarian crisis so there was a need also to coordinate activities of actors in that region and susana also offers that coordination platform but also we looked into what kind of resources what kind of demands are there and we also had a call for project for that region because we wanted to have an overview what projects are there what best practices are in the region and today it's my great pleasure to announce our two winners of that of that call for project so we have two examples here and we will start with samir ben side from marocco and he's with the national office of electricity and water so samir the floor is yours i would like first to thank you for awarding the institute for this experience i have to speak up okay okay okay thank you because in the other room it was very clear so i just so i want to first i uh i am here to present this experience in behalf who are working on this project directly i am just the director of the institute but the the working group are mrs khawla lamzuri and mr mustafa mahi and i allow myself to change a little bit the title and i change a sustainable sanitation at the origin it was sustainable sanitation systems by by appropriate first because by humility is not really sustainable it's an experience to make or to propose something which is sustainable and sustainability also is misused at least overused so appropriate for me is maybe in this case is more appropriate than sustainable so some just to put in the picture only is a public nationwide public utility in marocco and you have some figures to give you an idea about this big big company just here you have only the water branch you have also another branch electricity which other 10 to 12 000 people working for this we this we supply drinking water to 35 millions directly or indirectly through municipalities i am in charge of an international international institute for capacity building and research we we think when we start at 1978 we start only by vocational training and uh in 2008 we think that we have we can gain if we manage all the cycle of knowledge management by combining training and research applied research so we do of course training around the activities and this project is within these activities and we have also a component that we call partnership or technical assistance but not the traditional technical assistance it's more partnership and to we through we try to overcome the traditional concept of technical assistance so we have some infrastructure you can you can go to our website and you can find all this information the main maybe uh assist of you or what characterised the institute is we are affiliated to a performance with public utility that's called ONEP ONEP it's a branch water branch of ONEP and we have this experience of 34 years and we have we are also uh uh WHO collaborated centered since now uh two decades we have here some main challenge of water sector in Morocco but you can apply this to the region that will that is was the subject of our project so of course we have this escalating demand but you have mainly this this characteristic of drought and the diversity of of landscapes in Morocco we have mountain regions you have coastal plain you have desert you have all and water resources are not uh it's not in time and in space that's very diversity the general objective of this this project so first maybe Tlatmargan is small small village about 100 households 600 people or 5 30 530 people and the the general objective is to come up with an appropriate technology to to meet the demand of this village in terms of sanitation and this solution should be of course appropriate but also should be socially acceptable and affordable in terms of cost and in terms of also in terms of how to run this technology and of course to protect environment since that's now this of at this time uh there is there was no treatment plant for wastewater that's directly thrown in the river and of course we we we fix another objective to have the possibilities not an objective at the beginning but we we want also to experiment if you can reuse this water if this technology can allow to you reuse this this water you have the region is it's not good but is here is 30 kilometers far from marrakech and the the valley of the high atlas mountain and of course you have even if we are near the mountains but there is scarcity of water resources we have as i said the western water was not treated problem of health and the asian of local aquifers are completely polluted that dedicate normally to drinking water and of course negative impact on socioeconomic development village located of course in a remote rural area and poor idea also very very poor the main resources are from migration in europe and population around 500 people so at the roadmap of this project first we there is a proper preparatory phase that makes studies diagnosis technology choice also we identify what are the three or technologies that can apply in this region and we identify also the partners first the users so there is a very active NGO in the region local authorities of course elected people academia very important and local private small local private and outcome for this phase that we come up with very important with the community development plan that exists in at the institutional level we have this possibility to design a community development plan that dealing with the entire chain of water solid waste of course and also urban partnership and we sign of course some partnership with the main partner for this project we start after that in the experimental phase by setting up a laboratory pilot with the partners with this academia is the university of marrakech it's 30 kilometers far from from this this this village and the engineers was done by mr mahi from the international institute and you have also some partners in japan the japan is a professor that we meet in a in a u meeting and he was he worked as a volunteer in in niger and he he had this idea first of this technology of what we call multi soil layering and we built on this experience to design and to experiment this this this this technology so as you can see here you have many many partners the field pilots so upscale after sorry by constructing a field pilot this field pilot it's we upscale is to we collect around one 10 percent of the wastewater of the population and we test this field pilot during six months before constructing the final and the whole project to to to to need the demand of all the village for the 600 or 100 households so we we construct of course the network the the the msl treatment plant and we add also the reuse the the results of the the the treatment was very promising so we can of course we propose to to add another module of fritz field to refine the the water quality and to reuse this for for for agriculture we recall here the the partners but those outcomes and achievement is of course that we finish the people that benefit from benefits benefit from this project we recover we can we save around 80 meter per day for drinking water and we that was used from the same aquifers for irrigation so this water can is better with the quality best quality can used for for drinking water and we also help and accompany the population to set an up a user association for operating and maintaining and running the system we of course through capacity building in our institute and how to and the total cost to to give you an idea of the project all the phases from preparatory is around 600 500 000 euro and the the the total definitive project of construction is around 2000 000 euro what represents around 30 euro per inhabitant compared for example to others in morocco only in morocco morocco the cost for a conventional system in urban area is around 1000 euro sorry 1000 dirams 100 euro here of course the the objectives of project as you I mentioned before do not only to respond or to meet the the demand of this local village but to create a pilot and to disseminate this technology to other rural communities in the the area but also the area of marakash but also in the national level so we we we contribute to many programs the first one is in morocco we are designing a new national program for rural sanitation called PNAR it's a french acronym of this program and Cesar also is a capacity building program run by run by GIZ in morocco and that's at national level but also at the regional level we contribute to a program called MENA network of water center we share this technology this this project with other countries from MENA region mainly jordan with jordan and of course we have also capacity building and knowledge management we try in clara is was a project EU project in which a consortium from etupia south africa WRC we see before and many other countries contribute to this program and there's a toolbox of many solutions and we contribute also in this clara project to to feed this this as it was said there is no solution that can feed all the situation all the context the idea here is this solution can feed for this local context but it may be other context but not for all we don't propose this solution for now i want to share with you that's more important for the network susanna some lessons and recommendation for us in this of course this this uh this project is not there is many many obstacles that we had to overcome the first one is the institutional environment i think is the case in many development countries that there is a lack of a r&d strategy you have no research strategy and you have no for example tax policy if you want i want for example for this project we had for example many phd students in different aspects i cannot for example pay this student to do this job there is no framework it's such a framework to do that that's just one example there is for example i lost my time in to resolve this problem of tax of taxes of so big big mess big waste of time that's very important i think it's many many country development countries the same problem exists i think also that we have to make a shift in a mindset of politician of engineers of of elected people and population of course citizen that's some smart solution low cost that we call low cost i call i prefer appropriate solution are more smart than sophisticated solution in some in many cases in developing countries because they are more adapted to the climate and local context than the sophisticated so people that believe in this solution because they are low cost they are second hand solution for them so that's very important to to make advocacy to communicate on this and designing it was said also by many people many speakers that building partnership and pulling resources is very important development countries to build and to on experience we we cannot for example even the wheel we have to build on experience and it's our duty to to pull in resources we cannot no more continue to relying only on a development mechanism for for i talk for development countries we should set up a sustainable mechanism to fund r&d that's very important and one proposal for example here proposition it may be to link systematically in every program of infrastructure a percentage of r&d and capacity build is combined if you invest in a huge program of infrastructure you should dedicate five percent at least maybe 10 we have to study that to capacity building and r&d is very vital if you want to make systems sustainable thank you for attention can we get one question so who would like to have the question everybody's tired okay no it it is good english thank you you talked about the the users group and you said there is the the community the water user group and there is the drinking water use as well as the agriculture use you know i'm not sure whether all the people who use for drinking water also are from agriculture but my question is how do they agree on water shortage in case of water shortage because sometimes uh there's dry season it's very important for the plants it's very important for the people in general in the water low in morocco potable water is has the priority of course but in this village like this village all is the same you cannot make this this take this question between uh agriculture even for uh betai sequa yeah cattle and and the drinking water it's always so they deal with this all the time they have their own rules to to to to resolve this yeah yeah yeah of course of course i don't talk there are many many aspects because lack of time but i will send you we are preparing a brochure on this project detailed and you can have more information for example we promote gender approach and we are preparing for the future to to help women to constitute cooperative i don't know any english cooperative to manufacture this system of of wastewater treatment is very easy to and the material as from the region also so it's easy it's like a potry the potry sequa the potry you know yeah so it's the same principle so we can train them and you have of course the design other our role as an institute is how to design the system to make somewhere we refine the system to have the best performance but women there can do this this manufacture themselves this this system at the at the village i just want to add that we have the project description of this project also the jordan project and many more from the mena region they are online on the susanna platform on the mena chapter page so if you want to have more information and we can also put up that brochure there yeah so thank you thank you so much samir but before you leave i would like to call arne our very own arne to present the certificate to samir on behalf of giz and sevas for the as a winner of call for projects they were awarded a ticket to stock home we'll do it in front of there's a surprise coming soon and in front of the surprise we can do that again probably so once more thank you so uh the next presentation would be uh by our second winner from jordan we will have my sim otum and oma al shoshan presenting about their project from jordan on youth participation all right hello everyone uh again my name is mays amatoum and uh mr al marah is sitting here trying to help you help me with the presentation actually our friend mohammad wasn't able to make it unfortunately but i'm sure he'll be happy for us i had to switch the the presentation and updated with the newer version because i realized there was a typo and it was a terrible typo if you've seen it so now it's your job as a refresher for you all to find that kind of typo if you find it maybe maybe you can split this in half so all right thank you very much okay uh the the title you see on the screen is actually the the bigger the larger uh theme of the project i'm going to be specifically talking about one aspect of this project uh so youth participation local development uh our environment environmental development in jordan is is we we found out that youth are not really interested when it comes to environment they're more interested in jobs employment education environment is on the very low end of priorities for them so that's that's actually the approach we had to work with youth on environmental leadership initiatives first let me thank all these people quickly special thanks to the to the project team also uh fhi uh they they have managed the the the project and they funded from through us eight i guess we have fhi representative this year and uh susana for inviting us and providing the opportunity also kfd and the wonderful group that we worked with actually without those guys we wouldn't be here uh it's it's their work it's we we only supervised what's going on we supervised the game but they are the game changers in this case okay so uh i'll i'll let them or maybe talk about the the rfs rural family society at the end of the the presentation but now i'll i'll move to the general uh aspect of what what what we're doing uh why why water the question is why water uh well you have uh jordan here uh it's actually uh water is a big issue in jordan why because we have a lack of fresh water resources uh we have very scarce rainfall seasons and then uh there's a lot of water uh loss in the networks and i guess we have people from giz here uh who works in jordan and they know what i'm talking about there's there was uh reported 60 percent of all water and networks are lost before getting to the the the users and users which was a huge problem i guess the number was reduced now to 40 something percent which is an improvement and then uh groundwater depletion wouldn't have a lot of groundwater resources and then the major problem that was introduced just recently is the refugee influx so now we have about 1.3 million registered refugees and i say registers because we have another 700 000 or so or maybe maybe more and then the water share per capita in jordan is about 123 cubic meters annually oh sorry that's it's not annual daily sorry and then uh that was the number in 2016 from the jordan times so it's it's a huge problem okay so and that's that's uh what what we came with with the idea of having a water related initiative i'm not gonna dig deep into that but what we did is uh we had we started our project with actually approaching uh we're reaching out to uh youth in two different regions uh we trained them we trained them not on wash sanitation kind of uh uh training but we started from scratch we started from what environmental leadership is and why why is it important because we needed to actually work on this part to get him motivated to do stuff later so we included uh stuff like environmental leadership communication uh communicating environmental issues through media which youth like especially with social media right now and then advocacy for environment and also proposal writing because at the end of the training program what we asked the youth to do is to actually write proposals as if we were the donor they were the receiving implementer and they actually drafted proposals that we evaluated assessed and we granted them sub grants with approval of the fh it okay so we had the project in two different areas they're uh both in the eastern eastern part of jordan which is uh an area under threat of desertification lack of water resources and then the the reasons to select these areas is that water supply is very intermittent there and uh contamination incidents are are very high there okay so after the training ended just like i explained we asked them to write proposals and and the actual uh the the the idea of uh having a gray water system installed in one of the schools was the youth's idea we just formulated that idea and advised them on how to actually implement it we provided technical support we provided access to information and we helped them actually implemented so what they picked a school uh a girls school uh with nine hundred sixty students and they thought this is a good potential because in schools there's a lot of water consumption and most of this water actually goes to waste especially uh drinking water because there's uh in our schools usually we have a line of drinking taps and whether it's girls or boys whatever students they keep it open they leave the water running just for fun they don't really appreciate the value of water especially in a country like jordan okay so the idea was to actually uh install uh or construct a gray water uh filtration reuse system and i'm not gonna talk deeply about the technical parts because the technology is already there it's it's a well-known technology people use sand filters but i will explain more on the social aspect how how did that impact the students afterwards so in in order for us to actually implement the initiative we reached out to the school principal uh and the students and a couple of teachers that were involved in an environmental club in the school and we uh we presented the idea they liked it very much but then we had a problem how how to sustain it although it's a school it's a structured entity but in the same time we need to make sure that the system after we leave is still on it's still operational so on the left hand side you see this picture is left no it's actually right hand side you see this picture with our youth actually training the students at the school of what is gray water why do we need to reuse it can we actually reuse it that's one of the question they addressed and then how do we keep it operational and how how do we uh value this this gray water actual output the installation uh was finished the system was operational we actually took some samples and we sent them to one of the labs in the one of the university is neighboring this this area just to see the quality and the quality was was good only for plants what was not uh and not not all plants none edible plants because we were not sure at the beginning if we can actually grow edible plants so we were cautious at the beginning well uh we talked about the sustainability uh aspect and now this is how we see the community after the the the small project uh the community is now aware importance of water rationing and gray water reuse uh they they have technical knowledge about gray water they know what means and how to run it and also the responsible which is very important and they value teamwork so that we made them engage so we created this sense of ownership for the project it's your project and we we actually made them sign a memorandum of understanding at the at the end you're responsible for this system we can always advise you but it's your responsibility and they actually like the idea although it's more responsibility on their shoulders but they actually like it and it worked just uh briefly uh one one of the questions that we thought we need to answer why do we need to focus on a Susanna chapter in in our region well i explained the water sector sector uh in Jordan and why is it important if you look at the picture down there it's uh it's the biggest refugee camp in Jordan and probably one of the biggest uh ever it has about 80 000 refugees and you can see just looking at the picture that the the the conditions in that camp are not sustainable they're not they're not taking into consideration sanitation so we need to actually work on this and not only through small-scale product but through knowledge management through something like Susanna chapter in our country well uh i just uh wanted to hand over uh to Omar just just to uh make a couple of remarks about the the society before we move to questions thank you very much i would like to take this opportunity to thank special thanks for the Susanna actually uh it was a very informative day uh we we we learned a lot in this day uh actually uh the big uh uh lesson learned from this project and actually how to simplify the international knowledge into to local knowledge actually uh we focus in the in the in the key message or the uh a main key message with uh with the youth uh think globally act locally so actually uh uh uh Jordan now facing a lot of challenges especially in motor sector especially when they uh we receive uh uh millions of uh refugees since from uh 1948 uh until now so we need a youth play a crucial role in in shaping their future especially in natural resources and water resources thank you very much yes thank you very much to both of you that was very interesting good example can we have a question from the audience yes i love the way you involved uh the students i love the way you involve them first on the environmental um as environmental leaderships and then taught them proposal writing which i'm sure they loved will you continue to mentor them so that hopefully they will enter the field of sanitation or water well uh the the short answer is definitely because well once you start something and you believe in it that's that's the good thing and to me uh this the maybe the whole project umbrella was was important but this uh actually uh this particular part was really important because it uh it involved student education and and work on the ground which which i like the most well the the long answer is uh yes and the the good news is that the same group that we worked with in this project actually uh three months after we finished the project they implemented two similar initiatives with gray water systems in two different schools without our our even funding they they they brought funding for somebody else we were kind of jealous actually it's like you go somewhere else yeah but but they actually did it and it was it was a success story for us now you you actually clone this kind of success in different areas and and the community they were with is is relatively small community so everybody's talking about what's happening and that's that's great actually thank you there seems to be one more question very very quickly yes thank you very much for this very interesting project and presentation so questions you clearly highlight the fact that you work with yours uh yours uh what was the initial background needed from these people before you uh do you also yourself the trainings yeah thank you very much uh well the group we worked with uh had about 30 32 I think 32 uh men and women or let's say young men and women uh the the background was varied we had people with very minimum education middle school education we had high school education we had university students we even had our friend Muhammad who was he's actually a lecturer at one of the universities and now he's actually giving classes about gray water systems and he's trying to spread the word and say okay we're in a country where we're suffering from lack of water resources and we only blame the government which partially their problem but I think majorly it's it's our behavior we're not treating water as a as a valuable asset we're treating water as something that comes out out of the top every time we open it and I was talking to uh think francisca today we haven't thought about this before just because of the fact that we always have water if we had uh the the government shut down water we would feel more uh the urge to do something I don't know if that's a good strategy to do it shut down the water every time but but people have have to feel that they need to do something about it not assume that the government's working on it did you yeah I'm sorry yeah just just really shortly I'm I'm really happy that you and also Samir introduced your projects and showed that there are relevant activities in the Middle East because just to add to what Anna said in the beginning when we started initiating the chapter by the end of last year we had almost zero partners in the Middle East or Susanna has almost zero partners in the Middle East we're just one of the motivations to start um knowing we don't have really a strong network there our resources are maybe not adapted to the context as it would be most relevant and um I mean now we're in the process to really strategizing our activities and upscaling our outreach um and I just want to say that the chapter as it is is not exclusive um we're really trying to you know to bring more partners and projects in and um we have on Wednesday um a MENA chapter partner meeting um so you are invited but also others who are active in the region or who know other people who do um so please feel invited because we would like to exchange and discuss with more people who are who are working there who are relevant for for the exchange thank you thank you now Anna will award the certificates to Omar and Mike okay so how should I do that that you are happy one after the other okay I can as well say that uh we were thinking how to to get ideas from the from the region how to activate it it's thanks to the Jordan GIZ program as well who was supporting this process and I'm really happy that that uh that we found you and that we could activate some of you and okay so then I hope I do the procedure so that you like it and okay this one I'd love to stay in front of the yeah yeah just just to announce the venue and timing for the MENA regional chapter meeting uh it'll be taking place in Scandic Clara Hotel uh on the 30th of August Wednesday uh from three to five p.m anyone who's interested and working in the MENA chapter are very much welcome thank you okay so now we continue with India and I would like to ask Vishwanath to come up thank you it's a tough evening body and spirit and everything else has left the room so pardon me for being a bit short uh and I've just been given five minutes by the organizer so that's perfectly wonderful that I don't have PPT to kill you with so here's the situation with India uh the Susanna India chapter was started a year and a half back two years back uh has held several discussions on the web and has participated in the FSM 4 meeting in Chennai but here's where the need is India has built 47 million toilets since October 2nd 2014 will build 63 million more toilets by October 2nd 2019 that is in a span of five years 120 million toilets will be built thank god Jay is not here I don't know what he was smoking but these would all be single pit toilets there won't even be twin pit toilets they'll all be single pit toilets 120 million existing pit toilets add another 120 million existing new pit toilets and then you know you in the sector know what the challenge is how is the pit to be emptied whereas the waste to be taken care of and so on and so forth that's one side and that's just the rural side in the urban side there are 8 000 towns crying out for sanitation services three and a half million toilets have been built there another seven million will be built but wastewater treatment plants are yet to catch up fickle slash treatment plants are yet to catch up policies are being written by interest groups uh sludge management policies are being written by separate interest groups wastewater management policies are being written by other interest groups none of these are challenged unfortunately there's not enough debate there's not enough discussion not that there are lack of groups in India but the diversity is so much is so enormous in the Indian context that one city is different from the other city one state is different from the other state experiences are not getting shared enough there's not enough discussions and hopefully Susanna India will seek the conviction and the strength to deepen itself and Susanna as a whole will hopefully learn that it's not merely a knowledge disseminator but it's also a knowledge accumulator and that there's a tremendous bunch of knowledge on the ground that we don't really have a year for nearly because we think we are knowledge providers and I hope that that arrogance doesn't come to us and hopefully at least the more I see you spend time on the field the more I know that I don't know so with those wise profound words I'll stop because I think everybody wants to have beer and cut cake but thank you very much that was short but precise I would suggest we just continue with Gustavo and then we have questions for the both of you afterwards so Gustavo comes from Bolivia from aquatuia and will present a few ideas for a potential chapter in Latin America that's right and now we'll be just as as brief as the previous presenter yes this will be very quick I think we are a little bit tired by now my name is Gustavo Heredia I'm the board of aquatuia in in Bolivia we work in water and sanitation specifically waste water treatment I would like to share first a little bit of on the context of of Latin America right now about two-thirds of sewer of sewage water goes untreated to the rivers spreading disease and degrading the environment only last year Latin Americans lost a combined 900,000 years of life because of disability ill health or death in one year and much of our current infrastructure is not prepared for trends such as rapid urbanization or to face extreme weather events associated with climate climate change right so we have these huge challenges right now and what we see on the field is this I mean in the last 20 to 30 years a lot of money has has been invested in building wastewater treatment plants sewers and when we go to to those projects we find that in many cases they are not working now countries in South America have decided to invest until 2030 they want to invest 80 billion US dollars in sewerage infrastructure and 30 billion dollars in wastewater treatment plants so this huge amount of money is going to more infrastructure right but we don't want to make the the same mistakes of course and one of the big problems is that binary scenario that we talked before today right everybody wants either well actually everybody wants sewers and nobody wants split latrines and there's nothing in in between right so we think that in order to tackle these challenges and in order to avoid making the same mistakes we have to capture knowledge on sanitation right and Susana of course is a very nice platform platform to accumulate knowledge to disseminate knowledge to discuss sustainable sanitation knowledge but I think in South America there's a huge language barrier right because academia they can access all our documents that we have in in the Susana platform but the politicians don't speak English and the sanitation practitioners on the field don't speak English as well either so the idea is to to share the Susana platform with South America because business as usual is not an option anymore and instead of just spending more money we have to spend better right and that goes hand in hand with with knowledge so basically the idea is to set up a Latin American chapter of Susana to connect practitioners to people in the academia to perform knowledge management there is actually research going on also in South America especially in Brazil there's a lot going on in Colombia but it's not together it's very spread everywhere right so we want to have a common platform to share these experiences and also with the existing experience in in the network so knowledge management and also disseminate the best practices the lessons learned and the conclusions right so that that's the idea basically that we want to present in this meeting we have been a member of Susana since 2010 we think there's a lot of value to provide for all members of Susana and also potential members in Latin America these are some of the short-term benefits that we could think about we can reduce time and cost for project implementation we can have different perspectives where we have a discussion we can have cross sector cooperation more financing opportunities those are all short-term benefits right but also long-term benefits for the region such as improved quality of sanitation solutions stronger standardization and consensus knowledge-based alliances and improved ability to seize development opportunities so we we see all these benefits as long as we get together and share some common platform platform that can be used not only worldwide but also in the region in Spanish and in Portuguese there are 375 members of Susana in Latin America 13 of them are partners but there's hundreds and thousands of other institutions and other research networks and universities that are showing currently some some interest and maybe they will be interested also in cooperating in this initiative of launching a new chapter so the idea is basically this and we want to see who's interested and we want to put a call on the on the networks on the social networks on the Susana platform to see who will be in who will be on board to support such an initiative thank you very much maybe we have time for half a question are there any discussions around the Susana meeting in the World Water Forum are you planning for something there our plan is to to use this time the time between now and the World Water Forum to to get some momentum and see who's interested and we can use the World Water Forum to to have like a committee or some people that have confirmed interest or some institution especially that would like to support this yes I have half a question and half a comment I think it's it's great to use the opportunity of the World Water Forum coming up and I think the question would be how does the cooperation system look like that you will form because we would need a on on a project type level that this is the person or the institution or the group who is financing it these are the deliverables and like this is can be presented to the core group and I think it's vibrant enough it's it's a good opportunity but so that the motivation is to to bring it towards that direction right right yeah thanks for the for the comment and question that's something we want to to talk about here during the week I was that's why I was so interested in looking at what has happened in India and in the many other men are region and Jordan and learn learn from them also right so we can build on that and maybe avoid some mistakes and and I think there's there's interest from Seedah Seedah is very interested in supporting we're working with Seedah already in Bolivia and we have partnerships with some universities in Brazil as well and there's a couple of strong networks such as EcoSanlag and also ProSap in Brazil and they're interested in in form in creating like a coordination committee or something like that to start a project great so okay thanks again to the moderators and the presenters we made it nearly if I'm not mistaken we have now only three things to do one is that we'll be honored by the German ministry with a few remarks and by the Gates Foundation with a few remarks they've in the morning we talked about that how much they helped this happening and we just want to give hear their voices what is their impression what are their thoughts and then Madeleine and me will close but I think now it's I'm I'm very happy that you're there and share a few words with us please well thank you well I'm invited yeah not German not German the instructions about this yeah it should not stand here but be here so well um Anna invited me to to talk on reflections on Susanna's potentials and possible future and with the same title Jan Willem is invited to to have some words about his his reflections so I start with the 10 years ago when Susanna was founded it was founded to enhance sustainable sanitation solutions and effective sanitation solutions it was founded to promote learning and to spread knowledge in the community of sanitation and looking back I think we see or I see different developments and very positive especially here I can mention the progress and the growing resilience and the growing commitment of the partners and members in the network itself but moreover of course we see as we heard the the quality of the discussions for example today we heard visions on future sanitation systems under the title of dealing with the madness in brackets with flush toilets but we also heard about former innovative technologies such as I can't remember the exact name such as urine separating toilets or so which came to an end and are not produced anymore as I understood but but I could have mentioned other presentations this shows how progressive and intensive the exchange in this network is has been and hopefully will stay in the future with its 8,000 individual members and 300 partner organizations the growth of Susanna is clearly a sign that we need this knowledge platform and we need the tomatically focused network and on behalf of BMCET I may say BMCET recognize this and will remain a donor for the network but in the sector sanitation as bilateral donor we as BMCET we have focused we focus on consistent inclusion of sanitation in a political international arena so on a high level level as you can say but on for many years BMCET has emphasized two key factors in the sector the first is to focus on the whole sanitation chain and the second is to overcome the fixation on centralized system that do not benefit the underserved and the marginalized and this is something I can underline because BMCET was able to launch last week in English the new BMCET water strategy it is called water strategy and not wash strategy because it is broader than just wash and in the process of developing this strategy we invited all the stakeholders for example the the German wash network in Germany not the international stakeholders border for example in this new German water strategy the human rights approach is underlined and the human rights approach to water and sanitation and they leave no one behind print and of course then the principle all the interconnections and the principles of the agenda 2030 since the foundation BMCET has financed and supported this Susanna secretariat held by the GIS sustainable sanitation sector program and we see Susanna as we have seen in the past as a driving force and key contributed to the sector and with the additional funding with the Biller-Millender Gates Foundation I think to improve the Susanna platform BMCET is excited to see the positive changes and the even greater potential impact Susanna will have in the future and if I may wish something for the future or that what we may see looking back until today it hope that we will go into scale with sustainable sanitation solutions because there is so much to do so in the very end what I have to say is I'm pleased to be here I'm pleased to meet with you the partners and the members and to congratulate all of you to the 10th anniversary thank you thank you Danila yes we could embark in many discussions but you can try I think during a glass of wine and find you as well during the water week I think we cut it short here yeah Jan um you are you you are with the Gates Foundation I am with the Gates Foundation okay so tell us something tell you something I'm going to try tell you something what a day yes you have to stand here yes otherwise you have the light and in the living rooms all over the world they see only them you you spent this day most of it anyway in a meeting I'm very sorry that I wasn't be able to do that to to be here I spent most of this day in an airplane I think I've been awake for about 30 hours now which means I'm gonna need some of my notes otherwise I'm going to sound too much like a certain president who speaks without notes as well but I've gotten some input about this about this meeting I've talked to Arnor I've talked to Arnor I've seen some of the last sessions in the in the overflow room over there and and I've gotten at least a bit of a feel for the enormous energy and the commitment that was was evident in this meeting also evidenced by the fact that you're all still here I'm sure you'd much rather be out with your friends having a beer you covered tons of subjects that that we all have to deal with learn how to deal with in the in the upcoming stg area there's not a hope in hell that I'm gonna reflect on all these complexity and all the subjects that you have covered I don't want to either what I would like to do is put the work that for the reason we all work with Susanna a little bit in the context of the the reason we're here in Stockholm and in the context of the strategy of the of the foundation they'll be narrowly focused but at the same time that will allow me then to keep it short and help you get out of here and I wanted to start a little reflection with a quote from a British author Douglas Adams who wrote the the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy and one of the things he wrote in the hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy is human beings who are almost unique in having the ability to learn from the experience of others are also remarkable for their apparent disinclination to do so we we laugh about that but it's a relevant observation I've I've been working on an analysis of some of the work that the foundation has done since 2007 and in the past 10 years we have invested about 180 million dollars give or take a few million in a portfolio of grants that were all structured around around learning and a big slice of those grants combined service delivery with learning about what works in in service delivery so we we can say yes as a result of those investments 20 million people have have access to improved sanitation some of the grants were only focused on on on evidence and and learning so relative to 10 years ago we now know a lot more about the use of specific delivery models use of subsidies use of financing microfinance the cost of delivery a whole a whole range of things and it's of course not only the foundation making those kind of investments and learning about what works we're all in this together as as organizations and as a sector but if I stick to what I know best you say well 180 million dollars that's a lot of money invested in information in evidence and learning and a question from the beginning in this has been how can we leverage that sort of investment to make sure that what we learn contributes to better programming because unless we find ways to translate what we're learning into putting it into use the value of the investment is not nearly as large as it could be or or should be you could argue so what can we do to prove Douglas Adams wrong and improve the learning we can do from others and Susanna has been part of that journey with the foundation from the beginning supporting the KM needs the knowledge management needs in the sector as a whole but talking about how we leverage knowledge is is way easier said than done this morning I guess actually yesterday morning by now I received an email from Practical Action Publishing announcing the publication of a new book by Robert Chambers and I don't remember what the title of the book is but one of the reviewers quoted in this email he quoted TS Eliot who said where is the wisdom we have lost in knowledge where is the knowledge we have lost in information how do we improve the signal to noise ratio and make sure that within this never ending flow of information we all have to deal with we we pick out those things that are most worth using and I think reflecting on that my friends is one of the reasons we are here today and we are here this week gathering information and sharing it is useless unless we can place it in context we interpret it and use it not only to to improve sanitation services but to make the world a fairer place and to put those who come last first and I wish I could stand here and tell you we figured out how to do that I'd be lying if I did that but one of the reasons the foundation is looking forward to continuing the relationship with Susanna and continuing to work together is is Susanna's ability to not only collect information but also make the necessary connections between other countries other actors between individuals to put that knowledge to use you've over the last 10 years gathered some of the ingredients and the experience needed to do this well but the needs are not trivial as we all know and you talked about what what it takes to do that today um to move to 2030 and the stg goals and getting Susanna ready for that future that we're all facing together in the sector will take just as much work as moving forward on on delivering services to all and to help get there the particular investment that the foundation is making is is focusing on the three things you talked about earlier today I understand yeah the user base where where Europe and the US are over represented relative to other other countries so how can we how can we even that out and and increase the user base understanding the services required and requested by the users and and offering those in a practical way through the platform and of course the sustainability of the platform in the long term with cross cutting across those three themes the need to ensure that management and decision making embody the the desires and visions of the of the of the users which will become harder as the network and the user base grows so there's a lot that has been accomplished Susanna is a is a desirable and a welcome destination for many people that are wanting to share information wanting to access advice want to exchange views and the potential for reaching an even larger group of users is huge and maximizing that potential will require a lot of hard work and so I would urge anybody who has not yet completed the survey or users to do so because understanding what your users want is one really important part of making a useful platform and of course keep coming to these meetings and speak out and and let everybody know what it is you're thinking about in addition to what you're learning when I was asked by my director when we made this this this last grant to Susanna he said well is this investment worth the money I couldn't give him a straight answer and I gave him a bit of a roundabout answer said if Susanna can deliver on the vision of widespread use widespread use of an engagement in the platform resulting in improved quality of programs and better performance metrics for the sector in terms of scale sustainability equity it will have been worth the money if not not so much and that answer represents the uncertainties we face and we must be really honest about I need to be realistic about as we look at moving forward the foundation is is good at asking for particular outcomes from grantees and then getting out of the way and letting our grantees figure out how to get there within the structure of Susanna you have a fantastic position to take on some of the questions we're asking of Susanna and to to kind of kick the tires a bit sometimes rejecting what we're asking sometimes hopefully finding new things to focus on new ways to do things but in all of that what we need to realize is that this is an investment in a set of tools not in a set of sector outcomes in themselves the platform and the forum they don't mean anything without being put to use by you and all the other users information can be collected and can be made available but getting to know it apply it and then sharing what you did and what happened that's up to all of us so if I'm to express a hope when a request to all of you it's this prove that Susanna can continue to make a difference and can do even better in the next 15 years the potential is great the need is there be the change you want to see and we'll see the results we all want and I'll be able to face my director and say yes we did the right thing thanks a lot for all you do I wish you a great week and thank you very much for having me thank you Jan great uh yes yes yes no no a certificate maybe come on yes yes here we are again here we are again and you know what what we have we have skipped one point that we always had yes I know but tell me what maybe I know we're gonna manage to have a Susanna meeting next year in Stockholm we usually had that question in the beginning do you remember yes are we are having a Susanna meeting next year in Stockholm is there any opt yes I think so with that I also wanted to say that we have a supportive agency behind us also yeah but it's it's also channel channel is a little bit different but Sida is also behind but they are Swedes like to be off on vacation on weekends but they are very busy also but anyhow so I just wanted to mention in a little bit that Sida has also been quite yeah absolutely yeah through the through the same yeah and and we skip the point that we think that where's the south meeting and what are the meetings to come and we'll skip it but we won't skip the meetings no no but the discussion yes and I think that especially last year we had somebody coming who the the the the suitcase wasn't arriving so he was there very sportive in the during the presentation yeah yeah sure this time we had several people like you being awake for 30 hours or too high number of hours but still so many are here and it's it's it's really great and and there was Doreen saying that oh the agenda and well there's so many great I squeeze it in yes and here we've done it we've done it and then I looked at the agenda today saying that we had from one o'clock to 6 30 15 minutes break this is only possible if if it's such an excited enthusiastic group which is and such presentations which are so setting us all on fire and that's why we're here and that's why we can we can do such madness I think we'll we close it here and there is we had should will you talk about what we had in Ashburn and what we had in India and what we'll have now soon and how are we having that yes yes maybe you know we we haven't talked so much about it but we are actually 10 years celebration yeah the whole year so we started out in in Ashburn and then in India I wasn't there and and now it's coming here and the celebration will be outside here and we have a very special made cake for you and and some and my interns has organized it very nicely yeah not the way we would like to see the kind of the real thing and one one little detail is that this was ordered from Germany to a swedish bakery and the swedish bakery do not know what a squatting pad is so we haven't been very successful in monitoring or evaluation so this looks more like a shower this is what happens when you order this kind of cakes without supervision we have to improve that's our monitoring evaluation yes no honestly we will we are delighted to have you here we have a small mingle outside we have a wonderful cake and even more beautiful cupcakes I tweeted a picture to my family this morning and they said she's crazy they're very nice we please stay with us talk about everything you didn't talk about doing all those missing breaks and we will need to leave here to a restaurant in in well quite soon we'll see sand delegations because it's impossible it's impossible to book a table where we booked a table today and say well maybe it comes 25 or 100 persons and everyone will pay by themselves or whatever and they said no way this is a vacation period in sweden but we have a reservation for in the good area okay everyone will be there and we will walk slowly down okay so there is a there is a dinner place to and we'll find out where it is it's in the as well in the program we'll have a cake cutting ceremony yeah just now there is a pressure to eat cake to drink wine and to have fun and with this I think we formally closed the 24th susana meeting great you were here