 never are we live yes did it take me 800 episodes to put my camera on to a camera stand that won't get knocked over by a cat yes it did yes yes it did hey everyone oh we are uh testing a few things justin has a microphone set up that he's fiddling with hello hello hello yeah look he's got a microphone over his head he hasn't had that in a while just i try to get it right between me and the camera yeah right right in front of your face that's good it's perfect okay no apple eye tunes you are causing me trauma trombones no trombones um let's see what do i need to do before the show actually starts before we do it i just wanted to go live because we needed to be live so that we could go live on all the places and and not lose our streams and have to re uh redo them again oh what are we gonna fill people's heads with today that's what i have to put in here uh um yeah we're gonna have okay i got it i got it i got it okay doing a last minute we already kind of did this but uh everything sounds good uh this is a new setup uh i look semi professional i'm not all professional hot rod i'm only halfway there uh eric nake says it sounds good oh nice okay sound check apparently worked keep talking justin i want to hear you talk a little bit more uh let's i can uh i can talk uh uh uh mike if there's uh anybody named mike here would you please stand up anybody named mike nope okay mike check completed that's a terrible show that's my headphones i'm hearing a little top-top thing and it's my headphones because they're a thing i got i got issues always got some kind of technological issue with the technology yes bears wearing a tie hot rod you guessed right well if you wanted to know anything about high school blare it was giant thick plastic glasses that kind of went up at the corner like a cat eye and ties that was a thing that i know a giant bell bottoms and motorcycle boots wait were you born in like you and wait in high school was this 1979 yeah 78 79 right into age like somewhere in between i definitely had wanted to be alive in the 70s when i was in high school yeah well as we discussed last week i also had a beaded curtain and several lava lamps and a black light with black light posters so i yeah i was i was into the whole thing yeah everything retro all identity for says that you blare you're louder than uh both of us oh i can here i can change my turn down i cannot turn down i can do this how's that no are we how about this how about that oh no no okay first one that's all i have i'm sorry no what are the second one the second one just said no to the second one is it too quiet yeah it sounds like she's talking from inside the closet oh no it does yeah the first one's probably the best okay well i got i don't want to turn mine up because i've got some kind of noise i can always get rid of it in post i guess but i don't like it i don't like it at all all right we're live uh this week should start the show you know 800 episodes has made me very tired oh no you can be tired tomorrow you can be tired after you die this is not this is right now we're doing a show let's do it let's do a show anybody tuning in for the first time there is a show associated with this it's not just going oh can you hear me now what is this thing on could be we do what we want around here don't care what the youtubers like and don't like about that kitty i need a maybe ladies and gentlemen let's opening some opening things yes let's start the show i can do some of these things as we go all right i think we should cheer after you say this is our 800th episode very beginning okay i didn't want to interrupt you to do it so i wanted to warn you i was gonna do it so you're not like it doesn't matter i'm gonna do it anyway kiki i'm gonna do what i want okay i'm gonna do what i want which is to start the show right start the show um identity four wants justin to be louder have we done that that's quite easily accomplished yeah don't need to ask me twice yeah there you go all right we will start the show in the three in the two i hit the wrong button there we go this is twist this week in science episode number 800 recorded on wednesday november 18th 2020 this is our 800th podcast episode and the crowd goes wild i'm dr kiki and today we will fill your head with long necks tubes and parasites but first disclaimer disclaimer disclaimer science is how you're now hearing this what you watch things on why you can see at night how you keep warm in the winter cool in the summer science is how appliances work how vehicles work why airplanes are a thing and what computer programs are made of science it's what doctors study it's thing behind food safety medicine vaccines health recommendations operations therapies and cures where are you when you use your gps to navigate relativity speaking you are smack dab in the middle of science that's where we talk about science from time to time here in this space results from across the scientific disciplines around the world and beyond in the short time that we've been doing this show a staggering yet believable number of studies have illuminated our world with new information cosmic questions asked and answered data captured from stars black holes supernovas dark matter gravity waves bosons and neutrinos galore data in such quantities we barely have the means to store let alone analyze what we have found a next generation with a new appreciation of space exploration has only just begun to lead the way into frontiers long imagined we have unearthed fossils decoded dna and found unexpected artifacts giving glimpses into our past trading out old fables of how we came to be for evidence-based understanding of who we actually are the struggle not just of humanity but of all life to survive adapt evolve and persist among the stars there were amazing observations of our animal friends always smarter than we thought they were often more complex than we could have guessed the living examples of successful evolution all around us and we have watched the warnings of scientists go unheeded in addressing global climate change in pandemic precautions and the results of our heedlessness plays out in predictable ways so much science all around us with so much coming our way there's no wonder why we can't stop talking about it here on this weekend science coming up next is that the oops did i get the wrong song did i get the wrong song was that the original song 2005 okay i'll get it right this time everyone we have the right song coming up it was a throwback i've got the kind of mine i can't get enough i'll discover is it happening every day of the week there's only one place to go to find the knowledge i seek i want to know and a good science to you too justin blair and everyone out there welcome to another episode of this weekend science and oh yeah it is episode 200 no episode though no 800 800 800 i must have lost count somewhere in there yeah uh you're keeping track 800 episodes at one a week is at least five years we've been doing this at the very least i'm not good with the math at least five years your remainder but yeah in fact it takes us back to about here good morning welcome to this weekend science and we are here living on the science tip morning kirsten morning justin we're here bringing you more science for another hour on kdbs and we've got lots of great stuff for you this morning we've got an interview at nine o'clock with dorthy geatson from uc davis she is a researcher in the nutrition hopefully area of nutrition hopefully she can dispel a myth well i hope she can i hope she can she's going to be dispelling a lot of well disseminating a lot of wonderful information about your diet and what she's learned from mice and rats and how it might be able to which aren't really a big part of my diet no not mine either it's not lately um anyway you can join us anyway and this was about the time yeah who were those people those those young voices those incredibly young voices that in this episode said oh who'da thunk it anyway we have a great show for you and we just um we should just get down right to it because we've got a lot of stuff to get to in the next week yeah a lot of news there's always a lot of news yeah but more so this week um what's the first oh the first thing i wanted to go over to talk about was the fact that we're podcasting now podcasting what's a podcast what's a podcast well podcast is we've packaged our recorded shows on the web so that people can download them very easily we've always had them up on our website as mp3 files that could be downloaded but with podcasting you you can basically people can subscribe to our website more or less and instantly their computer will just you know kind of check for updates every now and again automatic updating yeah so they won't actually have to like personally come to our website they just subscribe to it for the podcast this week in science which automatically can download and then they don't have to wake up this early and then they don't have to wake up this early and we used to get up early in the morning to do this show now we stay up a little bit late but oh yeah 2005 this was march of 2005 and i believe in i go on to talk about in this segment about how the previous episode in which we had interviewed brian green on his string theory stuff it we had we had had 750 downloads of that one episode and it was very very exciting very exciting i made i made sure to distinguish between people downloading mp3s directly from the website and those that were from podcast subscriptions was amazing yes oh what's a podcast that was a great question my understanding of the interwebs has not increased very much over these years well like those episodes from 2005 way back when we began podcasting and embarked on the podcasting adventure we were bringing science stories and interviews week after week after week it was just me and justin at that time now we have Blair and we've had Blair on the show okay for a very long time and we have had so many listeners through the years so many audience members and some of you are now joining us right now live on youtube facebook twitch hello to everyone who's watching us live right now those of you who are in the chat room hello thank you for being here with us for this celebration for this episode for us to talk about science because we have good science for you tonight just like we always have i have stories about what do i have i've got some long necks i've got some geo engineered nope and uh also some covet news because that's you know i always have to be debbie debbie downer and bring you the covet news so that's what i got for you i mean we're a science podcast so i feel like if people can't trust us for the real stuff on on this weird topic yeah i'm glad you're doing it yeah i'm bringing it all in there justin what did you bring so uh covet is a small virus i'm bringing giant viruses ancient americans and lava tubes secrets of owl feathers and just because your paranoid don't mean your vacuum cleaner ain't eavesdropping maybe your vacuum cleaner mine is very cheap my vacuum cleaner is just never mind okay blare what's in the animal corner oh i brought some um eavesdropping monkeys actually uh i brought uh dog sensitivities i brought uh chirping birds and just some of the grossest parasites you've ever heard of you're welcome we've covered so many parasites and gross ones on this show i'm actually pretty terrified i'll tell you i had trouble looking at the pictures which i had trouble looking at yeah so yeah you're the one to underestimate the uh traumatic insemination yeah and so oh weren't those the days oh my goodness when i first learned about bedbugs my goodness well a special day in my life oh thanks so much for that donation wall street tech that is very appreciated and as we jump into the show and into all these science stories of our 800th episode i would like to let you know that if you are not yet subscribed to this week in science you can subscribe to us by finding us places where we are we are on all the platforms youtube facebook twitch we're on the podcast platforms google apple pandora spotify spreeker radio dot com tune in go to the places look for this week in science you'll probably find us you can subscribe and get us downloaded by your computers every week without actually having to go to our website i don't know if i said it like i did back in 2005 anyway you can also visit twist.org if you want it's now time for the science so let's talk about long necks i'm trying to stretch my neck and make my neck longer and i don't know i don't know how i can do it what if i wanted to get a longer neck how would i do it well apparently some dinosaurs got longer necks because of global climate change how so yeah it's very like we don't know exactly exactly how it happened but researchers looking uh researchers from Ludwig max millions university and the bearish for paleontology i cannot do german german i am sorry and geology now report evidence on why sauropods may have evolved from all of their ancestors around about 180 million years ago they were looking at a bunch of fossils in an area of argentinian patagonia called chibut and in chibut they found a lot of sauropod fossils also they were able to discover very well stratified layers of ground so that could actually determine the timing and the ecological conditions that were present when those sauropod fossil sauropod bones were laid down in doing that they were able to precise precisely date these sauropod fossils to 179 million years ago and there were not any sauropods before then and then there weren't any other of the sauropod family of dinosaurs after then it was like something happened and the long necks took over and the other ones died out so what they saw in the strata that they were looking at they discovered that the climate changed from temperate warm humid with lush vegetation lots of lots of different kinds of vegetation into a very hot and then dry seasonal climate and so the the flora changed all of the plant life changed and it was less temperate less lush more like coniferous and and it had a lot of different kinds of plants that did better in those areas and because the sauropods were able to I guess adapt to that vegetation as it was as the vegetation was changing then the the sauropods were able to stick around they were the the most robust group of these dinosaurs or the group the the most robust species of these dinosaurs and were able to able to survive where others could not so I'm wondering if surface area has anything to do with this also also it could also be there were a lot of I mean there were a lot of other very large dinosaurs right in that time period leading up to the period of climate climactic change so it's not like all of a sudden only the big dinosaurs survived but for some reason the long-necked dinosaurs the sauropods did very well interesting yeah although I think if anybody out there does discover large sauropods in their trebut they should uh get Dr. Justin's not a real Dr. Ointment you don't care what ails you what somebody got it whoever got the Justin we all in shebut didn't laugh at that joke it's because it wasn't for you it just wasn't for you that I was exactly for you um another another possibility is maybe the sauropods teeth were better able to chew up the vegetation that was tougher tougher vegetation chewing but Justin lots of different things survive tell me about some big viruses okay uh viruses yeah good god what are they good for you got the rabies there's aids there's COVID-19 sounds like viruses are terrible but viruses do more than cause illness in fact those are sort of outliers in the viral society most viruses that we encounter don't have any ill effects large viruses especially those in the nucleosidoplasmic large DNA virus family may have even played a role in evolution so this is giant viruses that can integrate their genome into that of their host and then dramatically change the genetic makeup of that organism this is according to Frank uh Ailward assistant professor department of biological sciences at Virginia Tech says viruses play a central role in the evolution of life on earth one way that they shape the evolution of cellular life is through a process called endogenization where they introduce new genomic material into their hosts when a virus endogenizes into the genome of a host algae it creates an enormous amount of new genetic raw material for evolution to work with Mohammed Monier Monerooza was a postdoctoral researcher at Ailward's lab and he studies fragments of whole sequences of raw viral DNA that have been inserted into the infected host's genome together they discovered elements that originate from giant viruses then in uh green algae and they find it's actually much more common than they anybody had thought their findings are published in nature so these are chlorophytes it's a group of green algae they are a photosynthetic organism that is the base of the food chain in many many ecosystems this is a massive amount of food that our planet relies on it goes down to its base to these algae sort of one of the the bottom tiers of the food pyramid and they thrive in lakes and ponds fresh water kind of a uh fresh still waters they're close relatives to land plants so also studying their interaction with giant viruses may give us some indication of what might have happened between viruses and early plant evolution so Moneroozaman who's first author on the study says we now know that endogenous viral elements are common across chlorophytes which makes us it makes you think that plants might also interact with these giant viruses there is some data that suggests that some early plants like moss and ferns did experience these events over the evolutionary timeline we're not exactly sure about the extent to this from Amana and other early plants what they do know is that in the green algae that they studied they had 65 genomes and they found that 24 of them had some kind of viral signatures in their genomes which originated from the repeated introduction of distinct viruses in one of the organisms tetrabena socialist they found that about 10 percent of the genes in this algae originated from the giant virus it's a pretty significant junk to them and so some of the things that they're looking at this they're trying to figure out what what are the conditions that cause this interaction why is it the host don't so any sign of rejecting them and how is it maintained so if they're seeing this now how is it that this hasn't been sort of pushed out of the genome over time it must then they just assume be creating some advantageous or at least not disadvantageous role within the genome you know i'm thinking back to like we've had other examples of giant viruses being able to sort of create its own dna creating its own new nucleotide patterns in there too so within giant dna there's already or excuse me within giant viruses the dna already has an ability to sort of experiment and then it interjects itself into these into these other life form or into this life form which then utilizes that dna in unknown ways going forward so more experiments found a nice driver of of early evolution oh fascinating yeah i mean it's bacteria we know have horizontal gene transfer but you get these viruses in there and you have these you got these these little bits of viral dna they can be moved all over the place add a little diversity so is it viral is it bacterial where did it come from initially it's probably all shared at one point yeah it's going to be sort of how can you share dna with something that isn't alive i don't know just saying yeah it's going to be interesting to to see where this goes because you know one of the one of the difficult things of course is sort of going to be able to backtrack a virus that was sort of present you know millions and millions and millions of years ago when life was just getting started on this planet billions of years ago three billion years ago if you're talking about the first bacteria and if there were interactions with with viruses and bacteria back then which one started what how did they you know so it'd be really fascinating to find examples if you could backtrack a plant land plant to to virus origins really fascinating subject in field that's that's just now getting started really awesome Blair you got another story now yeah um so first of all i feel like somebody has to stitch together us mispronouncing people's names and places and species names years years of it i would love i would love that anyway um do either of you have a white noise machine i'm a fan i'm a fan okay so i yeah i also don't have one but if you had to pick what to put on it you might want to put like some crashing waves maybe a squeaky dog toy oh you know you could kind of pick what it is you want the background well zoo monkeys um actually in a Finnish zoo have shown a significant preference for traffic sounds instead of noises the jungle or other natural sounding things they had a tunnel fitted with a sensor um and they gave the primates a chance to choose to listen to sounds of rain traffic zen sounds or dance music and the sound of vehicles rumbling past was overwhelmingly the most popular choice and they slept or groomed inside the sound tunnel they didn't do that when any other sounds were playing so uh one of the lead researchers believes that the road sounds actually uh might have been chosen because they mimic some of the monkey's natural means of communications in the wild they use this high-pitched hissing sounds squeaking or croaking so they she thinks it might be similar i think it's probably just because they're zoo monkeys so they're used to a more urban environment and that's what they were raised in so i you know that's what my expectation is but um it's a good original study where they can show preference in zoo animals they could extend this to lighting temperature any number of visual cues where animals can pick their own environment so kind of hand them their remote control and let them pick what's playing on netflix so yeah if you're if you wanted to know what these particular whiteface sake monkeys chose um in this one Finnish zoo they they preferred traffic noise i think you're right on that it seems like if you're reared in an environment with traffic noise you're going to have uh associations with good memories and you know being cuddled cuddled and cleaned by your mother um other monkeys taking care of you you're not going to be afraid of them and it's going to be soothing it'll be that's your that's your environment that's what you like yeah absolutely but that's funny yeah we just assume no they're going to like jungle sounds yeah some of you listening probably like to put twists on to go to sleep we're part of your natural environment there's enough episodes if you if you're not cut up there's 800 so you can just keep them playing for days weeks months probably you'd never run out of white noise so we could be there for you just saying i think we're a little bit noisier than white noise i think i'd like to think um well i've got a little bit of a nope coming up in this story um for years on the show we have talked about climate change and we've basically been been tracking our societal and scientific understanding of client climate change over the last 20 years that we have been doing this show all told it's never it's never decreased it's never decreased and never come out with like good news we overestimated how bad it's gonna be it's always been unfortunate uh opposite of like yeah the thing that where the one study did left out this other thing that's happening that's going to make it faster quicker horrible or wetter yeah yeah and in the in in all of these stories there are many solutions to climate change and the issues of climate change that have been put forward so in addition to hey we should just stop putting as much carbon dioxide in the atmosphere there are geoengineering solutions that have run the gamut from let's spray stuff in the atmosphere and block the sun's light maybe we can put a big old solar panel in space and also block the sun's light maybe we could you know there are lots of ideas of how we can use engineering to build and make our way out of the problem that we have caused for ourselves well over the years i've very often been skeptical of a lot of these ideas but you know just understanding the complexity of ecosystems and atmospheric interactions and so many things that we had the hubris to think that we understand how it works and then somebody goes and changes something and oh look there's this completely unforeseen consequence well you have to do modeling and you have to try and figure out what all the pieces are and in a paper published in the proceedings of the national academy of sciences this week researchers used computer modeling to look at what happens in the atmosphere with solar geoengineering if it were to be done and what they found what they found is if what solar engineering so solar geoengineering one of the ways that this would work is to inject little tiny particles like sulfur dioxide that are reflective into the atmosphere and because they're reflective they would reflect the sun's light and be a shield against the sun so we're going to cool we're going to intentionally aerosolize the upper atmosphere with particles and yes so literally the plot of the matrix yeah and really yes but let's let's let me sulfur dioxide there's a lot of it in venus's atmosphere i'm just gonna put that out there before we move forward in this story but what the researchers found is oh hey if you if we were to allow engineers to move forward with this idea it could make certain kinds of clouds disappear from the sky entirely gone what that sounds bad yes i mean clouds are a part of the way the atmosphere cycles we know that clouds do block light from the sun coming in they also are part of keeping some heat trapped in in our atmosphere and it's a very complex complex site system what they what they found is that elevated let's see there's another set of risks solar geoengineering of solar geoengineering that has not received the attention it deserves elevated greenhouse gas concentrations may trigger substantial global warming by reducing the cooling effect stratocumulus clouds provide even when all or much of the greenhouse gas at the top of the atmosphere is compensated by solar geoengineering so the models suggest that unabated levels of greenhouse gas regardless of overall climate warming would have very detrimental effects within around 100 years so fairly soon and then it would lead to more warming more warming we would get hotter i know i just love the idea of like there's too much of something in the atmosphere i know what i'll do i'll put more stuff in the atmosphere yeah yeah so that particular idea i hope this study makes its way out into the engineering community so that nobody ever says or nobody in a position of power ever lets this happen let's just not do that can we can we not mess with the atmosphere of the only planet that we live on how would that work because i don't know it is the whole planet that we all live on so how could one nation be like i'm gonna ruin this place for everybody i just think that we've got the best solution and so my solution is we're just gonna do it and you know everyone will find out it's the best solution or oh oops maybe i shouldn't have done that yeah yeah i hate i hate let me just tell you i hate yeah well this is this is this is the nope idea right i mean yeah it was perfect this is a bad idea it's a it's a bad idea i've always been a bit skeptical but this is i think the benefit of the scientific process people can throw ideas out people can be supportive or skeptical and then you do scientific inquiry experimentation modeling to determine whether or not it's going to really be a good idea before you actually go about destroying your only planet's atmosphere for yeah so anyway that's what i think Justin do you have a story i do uh this story is about the mysterious peoples of Chaco Canyon and they said they're dead so these are the people who built the amazing cliff dwellings in the now arid desert so new mexico actually all throughout the sort of four corners region in the southwest of the united states they thrived there really for uh over 10 000 years and then sometime in the late 1200s abandoned the territory completely but before that they had built these complex societies they had this unique architecture if you if you google mesa verde uh you'll see what looks like these amazing almost alien yeah cliff dwelling built things these uh these structures with that within canyons and the long faceclifts that were just uh really advanced architecture for the times planet-wide so climate change had sort of dramatically altered things they had an ice age retreat there had been lush watery lands as the big glaciers had melted and the whole area became increasingly more arid and hotter and water became more hard to access so that's the theory about why at least everybody left the area international geosciences team led by the university of south florida have discovered one way in which the ancient americans survived lava tunnels exploring a lavatude in the l malpias national monument using precise radiocarbon dated charcoal found preserved in the deep recesses university of southern florida geoscience professor bogdan onak and his team discovered that ancestral pleblans pleblans survived devastating droughts by traveling deep into the caves and starting fires why would they start fires to survive a desert kiki there why because it gets cold at night yes oh yeah it does get cold at night it is high desert but that's not the right answer right answer was there was ice down there there was frozen glacier ice down in these lava tubes and they would start small fires to melt ice deposits to get fresh water and then cart them out with clay pottery that's really interesting and this is from they've been doing this for a while so this is dating back as far as 150 ad to up to the age of 950 based on their carbon dating water gathers left behind charred materials in the cave indicated that they'd start fires to melt ice to collect drinking water they also did some work in collaboration with colleagues from the national park service university minnesota a research team from romania was involved and is that the discovery is published in scientific reports so droughts are thought to have influenced settlement and subsistence strategies the intensity of agriculture demographic trends migration of the ancestral pleblan societies that once inhabited their researchers claim the discovery from ice deposits presents unambiguous evidence of five drought events that impacted those societies over the centuries Courtney voice from uh from onak this discovery sheds light on one of the many human environment interactions in the southwest at a time when climate change forced people to find water resources in unexpected places uh sort of interesting too the uh they hadn't gone looking for this so onak studies climate change by taking ice cores uh from from typically really deep locations to sort of see what the history of the water accumulation was when yeah you can tell a lot about the climate above ground by by going underground and seeing what's what's accumulated and when it was accumulated in this sort of thing but when they got down there they found all of this carbon ash in fact in one of their core samples they got a piece of pottery back and it was like okay you know we're like okay this this uh the study was focused on a single lava tube which is a mid a 40 mile swath of treacherous ancient lava flows uh and tubes underground so they were or I think 14 meters uh at a 14 meters depth and uh at the location where they found this but it was still pretty good uh you know pretty high above sea level because these are this is a high desert area but yeah they're they're ice uh ice cores brought back bits of bits of pottery that they think was probably used to collect the water out they also kind of noticed that the fires all the fires that were set seemed to be small in size indicating that there was probably a threshold that the the the ancient uh peoples had figured out that they could start a fire and still maintain uh air quality enough right so if you start too big of a fire everything fills up with smoke if you have to start these small fires the normal aeration of these tunnels was sufficient perhaps to push it out so yeah they went down found charcoal ash deposits pottery shards uh yeah so it was a fun unexpected thing but it turned into a much more interesting I think uh discovery than the first one that they went to but they still get and they could still see the the draft events uh that took place as well I love it what I think it's fascinating and think about that next time you just like go turn on the faucet where does your water come from maybe I guess I wrote 14 meters underground start a small fire and collect it in this vessel I smell it and then bring it back yeah bring it all back that dirty all of a sudden um I've got some story I've got a story about sleep I do sweet sweet sleep sweet sweet sleep we all love our sleep right sleep is sleep is something that we uh don't take for granted so much anymore so many of us are potentially uh experiencing sleep issues this year of 2020 but I have a question what are your sleep habits like do you sleep more like an older person or more like a younger person what does that mean how are those categorized well I mean this is kind of a broad generalization for sure but uh younger people are more likely to have uninterrupted sleep to sleep deeply to have uh sleep of maybe six to eight hours and um one of the most important things not to experience daytime sleepiness okay that's what I was that's what I was gonna say because I was like I feel like the unexpected necessity of an afternoon nap that will just show up out of the blue is definitely oldy person sleep bad yeah so I think I slept like a young person until probably this year I like I slept six eight hours dead to the world just like a sleep in five minutes did not wake up again till the morning um it has changed drastically the bad astronomer just jumped into our youtube chat room and in addition to saying congratulations on 800 episodes thank you thank you he also says he wakes up screaming every four hours so sleeps like a baby ha ha ha but um bump yes I mean yeah so that's like a real thing that's a real thing that's people there's people who do this uh which I didn't really realize is the thing until recently but yeah people who will scream bloody murder like not talking to your yeah night but they don't necessarily remember them exactly yeah and so that's not what we're talking about that's not what I'm talking about um what I what I'm talking about are two studies that came out this week one published in circulation and one published in nature human behavior the circulation study looked at a very large cohort of individuals tracked them over several years they both did looked thousands of people tracked them over several years circulation study found that if your sleep habits um are more like a younger person if you sleep better report seven to eight hours of night you don't experience insomnia or daytime sleepiness you're 42 percent less likely to experience heart failure the nature human behavior study found a similar relationship for cognitive performance and the researchers write in that uh nature human behavior paper in their abstract taken together our results point to must multiple facets of sleep neurophysiology that track coherently with underlying age dependent determinants of cognitive and physical health trajectories in older adults and so uh the sleep habits are correlated really with or it can be correlated with or overall health your brain health your body health according to these two studies and if you have these better sleep patterns more regular sleep I'm gonna say we can just give this year a pass whatever happens this year don't worry about it we'll get back on track later after everyone's not all stressed out and afraid of the pandemic and all the stuff going on from that stress low level anxiety all the time yeah we'll just get past this we'll just get past it and then you know go back to normal baseline see what the new baseline is but do what you can I will say there is nothing worse you can say to someone who can't sleep but to say that you know if you slept harder you'd be healthier you'll be healthier hey oh you're a terrible sleeper you're gonna die yeah okay oh that's really gonna help me go to sleep I need to sleep so I could be yeah okay you're welcome everyone um I'm glad I was able to give you more stress fodder for your lack of sleep yeah add that to the list my stress is making so I can't sleep which that's gonna make me die sooner and that's stressing me out further it's fine it's fine all right I hope everyone gets a good night's sleep tonight but we're not going to sleep yet Blair you have another story yeah just a quick one about dogs um so dogs for those of you listening who have a a pup at home um if you had one of your dog's favorite toys and um I don't know like a bracelet on separate parts of the room where would the dog go they'd go to the toy uh what if you made it just so clear that you liked the bracelet more what do you think the dog would do they'd go to the toy um I think they would go to the toy yeah of course they would toy but in a in a study from Utvus Laurent University in Hungary uh inspired by work on infants they wanted to see whether dogs behavior could be guided for guided by or influenced by human preference owner preference and so as I mentioned they tried it first of the fetching behavior and no if the dog could have their toy they took their toy but um then they took those items out of reach and they wanted to see kind of what it would look like for the dog to show interest without actually being able to grab the thing and when the owner showed more attention towards one item over the other they actually did direct more attention towards that item so there seems to be some sort of interest that is kind of inspired by the human interest so so it's I mean and I'm sure if it were food the dog would totally go where you were telling it to go if it were for you know its favorite toy versus you saying here's your yummy steak or you know the dog would be like yeah food I'm going to eat it yeah so I mean the friend for food this very preliminary set study says that the dog looked at the favored item more and in groups where the human didn't smile at a particular item and like frown at another item when they did acted neutrally to both they actually statistically looked the same amount at both items so there seem to be a bias based on that which you know if the dog can't touch it if they can't investigate it closely then sure there's going to be some curiosity and my owner's really interested in this item it must be good yeah so I can we at all be surprised that dogs are trainable yeah I think that's a very good point I mean what there's a the Rhodesian ridgeback was trained to hunt lions what dog in its right mind cares about attacking and hunting a lion none none no dog wants that on its own will they're just programmable to a great degree but I think this isn't food based is the thing so it's not technically training it is just a cue of what I'm interested in so but I think that I think that in between the two of these comments Justin saying well yes is it a surprise that dogs are trainable and this study and what it's actually showing is that that humans can cue animal the dog interest and then potentially because of that that bond the human dog bond and the dog seeing this is important oh do I want to okay I don't need to right now but in a training situation would make that happen more easily look I know this bit five times your weight yeah may look intimidating from afar but uh I just I just want you there'll be a treat after all right but I just need you to go there and how do you explain that to a dog in the first place like that's gonna be I want you to do something that's going to threaten your ultimate existence on this planet yeah well and the dumbest creatures on the planet I mean they can't be that dumb if they're so treat love them and we love them we do it just it just does say the trainable doesn't necessarily mean intelligence it kind of does that's fine refusal to be trained to do things against your own will I think is a sign of intelligence you know when I put the you know when I put the camera on myself that's like a cue yeah we know who's not trainable if you just tuned in this is this week in science if you're interested in a twist shirt or mug or other item of mercant merchandise for holiday shopping for gift giving head over to twist.org and click on our zazzle link also available now our twist blares animal corner calendars while you're there click on the horned frog yes and you'll be able to purchase a calendar or more they make great gifts for the holidays I'll be sending them out soon to those of you who order them get them while they're good all right it is time for the COVID update yeah I feel like it's not even worth it I don't feel like doing a funny bit anymore no well it's just not it's not funny and let me tell you why we are just about at 250,000 people dead in the United States as a result of COVID-19 it took 96 days for the United States to reach its first one million cases earlier this year we just went from 10 to 11 million cases in seven days according according to Johns Hopkins it's accelerating and it is spreading everywhere if you do not start quarantining for a family Thanksgiving on or before November 12th maybe consider a zoom holiday or a drive-by holiday this year hospitals are filling up across the country right now and that means the next couple of months is going to be all about personal responsibility it's up to everyone it's everyone's job to keep others safe right now because there is no vaccine yet but Moderna and Pfizer have announced 94 to 95 percent efficacy for their mRNA vaccines we reported on Pfizer with their press release of a week ago saying they had 90 percent efficacy well they've done a final tally of their clinical trial results to date and they say they're at 95 Moderna is about at 95 Pfizer wants to apply for an emergency youth use authorization with the FDA and if that happens rapidly that would mean that as soon as the authorization happens 50 million doses could be delivered to the United States by the early 2021 which would make mRNA vaccine from Pfizer available to healthcare workers frontline workers and those who are deemed to be among the first individuals to receive the vaccine that would be possible early in the year which would be amazing but apparently both of these vaccines Moderna's mRNA vaccine more so even than Pfizer's they have adverse reactions that are not serious adverse reactions not the kinds of things that would stop a vaccine from working it's like itching and burning at the site of injection having a fever feeling pain aches having a lot of the the symptoms of sometimes coming down with the thing that you're getting vaccinated for people people often complain of the symptoms they get after they get a flu vaccine and this it seems to be that a large number two percent of individuals who have so far received the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine during clinical trial are experiencing high fevers are experiencing aches and pains and these kinds of results could although they're not dangerous to people's lives lead to less less adoption of the vaccines that people wouldn't want to get them because they'll hear bad things about them because who likes to be uncomfortable but it's haha you know worse your lungs turning to jelly there you go that's what I that's the point sorry not to eat your point but she's that said yes um well these clinical trials will continue potentially and it's uh I I would doubt that the the FDA will give emergency use use authorization at within this year but we who knows what we will see we'll see what happens these clinical trials are going to continue for about two years following all the subjects looking for long-term effects of the vaccine looking at immunity how effective it is all sorts of things because especially because these mRNA vaccines are brand new and we've never had MR mRNA vaccines before it's a new thing using your body and your body's machinery to create the vaccine or create the antibodies all righty all righty all righty next story on the COVID roundup this one is potentially good news there have been multiple reports of diverging interpretations of SARS-CoV-2 immunity we've talked about it on the show according to some people there's evidence that people can be in re-infected and now that we've been in this for a while the reports of reinfection are increasing and increasing and increasing however sometimes it could be just persistent infection in which the virus was never really cleared from the person in the first place you start feeling better but it has been shown that SARS-CoV-2 can actually be harbored in the gut in the gut in the cells in the gut for a long period of time so will vaccines work if we don't develop long-lasting immunity we might have to get them every year i don't i don't know will they work so far they there's effectiveness but here's the good news and maybe it's appropriate right now there's pre-print report this week and there is also an article out in the New York Times following the pre-print that COVID they followed the COVID-19 patients over six months and it concludes that lasting immunity is possible there's another element to it too that i've been very suspect of yes when it comes to any of these studies in the united states because we have had atrocious testing in the first place we've had waves of bad tests that had horrible opportunities for false positives false negatives false just almost almost worthless reliability right standards so part of me thinks okay there's people who came down with COVID or who are tagged as came down with COVID who maybe didn't yeah and so if they were the ones who have been reported as reinfected maybe it's because they thought they'd gotten it and were immune and went out in the society like i'm fine and then got it there's there's many different levels of this there's so much noise there's also people who got it but didn't have they maybe had a mild infection and then they got it again and got a serious infection there are people who have had serious infections thought they were fine and then they went on to have another serious infection like there is every possible combination that you could consider it's happening and that's what makes it so complicated and like you said our testing is atrocious and so if you catch somebody at a certain phase of the the disease development the fact of the virus's lifecycle who knows you know the the test result might not be telling you everything you need to know right but the good the good news the silver lining in all of this is that so many have caught COVID that if it was something that you could catch uh that you couldn't build an immunity to i feel like that would have outpaced the noise in the system to where we'd be saying ah obviously we do not have immunity to it because so many tens of if not hundreds of thousands have been reinfected because we're not talking about numbers like that it makes the cases where we see reinfection in my mind somewhat suspect in terms of the overall trend or it's possible for some that some people don't build immunity as well but i i think it's uh there's the the fact that we haven't gotten a clear signal of reinfection past the noise of sometimes it shows this sometimes it shows that tells me that it feels it seems it's logical to conclude however it should be best phrased that there is an immunity that does come from this there and there does seem to be an immunity and in this particular study published in the bio archive they looked at immune memory of all three branches of adaptive immunity the cd4 t-cell cd8 t-cell and humoral immunity antibodies and memory b-cells according to shane crotty who is one of the authors on the study from his twitter account he said they looked at them in a mixed cross-sectional longitudinal study of 185 recovered COVID-19 cases including 41 cases for more than six months after COVID infection and over that time they saw a diversity in the profiles of these different immune uh these different immune agents but what and and this is one of the first times that we're really looking at all of these immune agents those these different cells that are involved the different factors that are involved over such a long time period and what they found is that it really looks as though individuals maintain neutralizing antibodies for six months and other forms of immune memory so going past five months going into six months there is humoral there is uh there is immunity that and it may not be and like we're seeing a variety in how this affects different individuals perhaps it is dependent on the individual in some situations but the majority of people hopefully will have the development of immunity in this kind of a fashion so this is a pre-print still needs to be peer reviewed before it's published but at the same time it looks like a great study and people are very excited about it and as much as I we should all be thankful for science for coming up with these vaccinations we could have applied science again with the brute force of actual shutdowns for the time it takes milk to go bad in the fridge and and through that brute force been done with this at the beginning of this year now what we have to do is we have to do more lockdowns more stay homes we have to be rigorous about taking care of ourselves because we are responsible for this there's a study also out in the new england journal of medicine this week about uh how an area in china took care of their uh a little outbreak there were there was one case two cases that happened in an area of china and they instead of locking everything down they well they didn't let people go on public transit at first they brought in thousands of volunteers they did over they tested over 10 million people they tested over 10 million people they used pooled sampling they used all sorts of methods they were able to find 12 cases of covid and isolate those individuals and they completely knocked it out by by testing everybody a rigorous test everybody solution and until somebody until people tested negative they were not able to ride public transit there were rules in place but it worked so to move forward we could put we could initiate testing if we had the coordination from from our federal government to our states the resources allotted to do it there are ways to do it it takes effort and and money and people and it's it's hard it's very hard it's not that hard i mean the alternative so the the alternative the alternative we're going to discover this winter so yeah so i just want to clarify a couple things the vaccines that are coming are not a cure so still don't get it this you have to you have to have the vaccine before you encounter covid otherwise it doesn't do anything you have to this is not to fix it if you got it this is you have to have it before you get it otherwise it doesn't do anything and and one of the things that this country unfortunately apparently some in leadership did not do not comprehend the same problem in sweden and herd immunity as we're now finding could potentially exist to get there through that method in the united states with just calling it a two percent fatality rate over the 350 million people at simple math seven million people would have to die we're 250 some thousands people and it's already the worst that we've encountered seven million americans would have to die in order to do that herd immunity idea so let's not do it yeah that's a bad plan that's a bad plan nope that's a nope nope yeah i heard i heard today on npr so i assume it's like a good source that um a third of americans know someone who's um either died or ended up in the hospital from covid which that's that's not good a third well that's it is that knowing personally because uh like how many said who'd never heard of herman kane no no no ever hear of tom hanks who did not a not a not a celebrity someone you know who have met you've met personally it's tom hanks didn't die though did he know he's fine he's fine he's fine he donated a bunch of plasma before he realized maybe that's nothing don't yeah don't let's not spread spread unfounded rumors on the internet would be terrible uh oh my goodness well let's be done with the covid corner let's be done with that and let's keep moving on up to the next portions of the show i just want to say this is this week in science thank you so much for listening and if you want to help twist grow get a friend to subscribe today yay that would be great oh what time is it what time is it it's a certain time when we play some music maybe maybe do i play music right now i think so forget what i'm supposed to do because it's time for blair's animal corner what i have a really cute story actually about uh finches kiki's favorite zebra finches yes great beans zebra finches and how they are able to remember up to 42 birds based on their vocalizations alone so we know from prior research that humans have what's known as fast mapping of course when i started reading this story started thinking of how i can hear a voice and if it's someone i've come in contact more than a couple times i usually can figure out who it is pretty quickly and that's what fast mapping is it's the ability to recognize an association between things after very little exposure so you can recognize someone's voice after sometimes a single conversation and of course as you might imagine prior research suggested that fast mapping was what uniquely human because why not i guess it's all it's all anyway spoilers anyway um they trained finches zebra finches on small sets of call data and then expanded them to test the bird's limits so in the first day of training they would play either a call or a song for a given bird and then vocalization vocalizations were paired with one set leading to food and another that did not so the results were a test that allowed the bird to demonstrate whether they recognized a bird making a given call so if you heard the call then they would play the song and the song for that bird was the one that had the food over time the number of bird calls increased and if the bird recognized the pre-recorded call they could allow it to play or i love this if they did not recognize the call they'd skip it skip press the button to skip nope skip nope skip nope yep i recognize that one and in the training the researchers found that finches were able to remember and recognize on average 42 birds by their vocalizations alone and so they also wanted to note that birds learned to recognize other birds by their calls very quickly it took just a couple of exposures and they also found that the birds retained those memories over time they left them for a month and came back and the birds still were able to recognize the calls that's impressive yeah so they indicate that zebra finches have fast mapping skills and humans once again not unique oh for the people who really want us i've never met anybody who spoke 42 languages no well it's not languages it's individuals it's voicing yeah 42 voices no it's dialects it's voices have you ever heard oh okay i could do that have you ever heard have you ever heard zebra finches have you heard the zebra finches yeah to our ears to our ears it's like yeah but but they can tell the difference what that could be my ring tone i love it anyway um yeah so once again uh we're not special guys we're just animals we're an ape we really have not been around that long compared to others you know it's we're the same as just like to say we're exactly as old as everything else evolutionarily speaking so and you know you know yeah i feel like any animal that has to recognize individuals zebra finches are very social they live in big colonies right lots big flocks lots of lots of other individuals they are barely very very tuned into their their parents the their neighbors the individuals who train them on their on their call they learn their calls from other individuals and i'm imagining if we're talking about any animal that has language abilities birds would be first on the list and then bats i'm sure bats dolphins um dogs yeah how many let's just keep listing them yeah i that's uh rodents at least have an ability to i i mean to teach that's an interesting whole thing like dolphins can teach uh the orcas can teach their the um mice can teach other mice to avoid mousetraps that's a whole other layer too when you're then talking about not just being able to understand what something else is like oh oh what is it the uh the little prairie dogs they have different vocalizations for hey there's a mountain lion or a fox or a hawk in the air that the the rest of the group can recognize but the question is can they tell each prairie dog apart by their call and how quickly yeah they probably can it's we're not special we're not special this is blairs people aren't special corner yeah okay now tell us about yeah very special terrifying parasite yeah you want to know what is your favorite you didn't see isopods is the type of crustacean that are ecto parasites of fish they're called that means on the outside yes they're called simothoids and uh the most famous of which simothoa exingua is known as the tongue biter oh jeez it's it's the buddy that eats the tongue of a fish and replaces it oh it's that thing yeah it's so gross guys but anyway this very important very gross crustacean let me tell you about it so a relative of that tongue eater was discovered we knew about this species there um there were a few there were five specimens catalogued and described in 1981 this is not going to be the time it's going to be a different thing you you betcha so yeah so simothoids there's over 300 species of them but the least studied of all of them is this one elthusa splendida and they great how many there's only five specimens that have ever been cataloged they were found in 1981 they were recovered from a Cuban dogfish which is a deep sea shark and it was captured off of southern brazil in the western south atlantic in this study they discovered a specimen of elthusa splendida while processing fish specimens at a fishery science center in Hokkaido university museum hakodate so um this is in a japanese fish is a japanese deep sea shark and it was collected from the east china sea and it had been preserved in formalin so they found it preserved they found this guy in inside of this shark i just want to know what part of the body the thing you're gonna have to wait it's the stinger at the end i'm not going to tell you right away because what's interesting about this is not where it connects to the shark what's interesting about this is that this is an almost antipodal place to the previous location of this little bugger which means pretty much the exact opposite of the planet so these things so understudied we have six of them now apparently are all over the planet or hitch a ride with dogfish or they're just they've co-evolved with squalus which is just like the um a particular group of sharks um so so it's really cool because they're all over the planet but it also means there's a lot out there for us to find still um so these guys also are unique in that um they do parasitize the mouth but they attach to the palate so but okay keep going it it's uh it it's unusual um it is one of the only species that we found that do that so that makes it extra unusual as well um but this means now the scientists propose they want to just go peering into the mouths of fish and sharks all over museums across the world because this bugger might be everywhere so once again we have something being found in a museum collection that wasn't anticipated but um yeah they're so widespread that they could be they could be attached to palates of fish high and low far and wide so like on the roof of my mouth uh huh are like underneath my tongue um i believe it's the it's the roof of the mouth so they don't eat the tongue okay they just so it's like a double tongue which like fish tongues are are stuck to the the bottom of their mouth so um they can't stick their tongue out like we can so um it would you know it's not like the tongue would get in the way or anything really but yeah so you know sweet dreams everyone ended a lot better than i thought it was really you thought it was gonna be worse than the palette the palette's pretty gross is it actually i think i think i understood where justin was taking it and i'm glad it didn't oh yeah no it didn't go there no it wasn't one of those animal corners it's a good size little crustacean though yeah is that the size of the thing oh my goodness there you go so imagine it's covering your whole palette and there we have a picture here for people listening and this thing is it's like a big three fingers three fingers long three fingers well the length of a finger probably is wide as a i mean that's a big white as a more wider than a finger but as long as three fingers held together like you're you're saying three fingers but it's not like three fingers end to end that would be very long no it's like hands on a horse oh yeah yeah grown up on a farm that's the only way i know how to count actually all right it's a very interesting looking little creature i'm now i want to know how many people are going to the fish market and looking in the fish mouths now how many of you will wake up in a little the night and think that you have something clinging to your palette actually actually just to remind people these are so common they have been in the mouths tongues and palates of many of the fish that you've eaten potentially we at their deep sea so we don't know but the tongue ones definitely have been in fish that you've eaten yes they just removed that part before you got fed maybe somebody ate the tongue of the fish that you ate wait okay never mind wow thanks blare this yeah so if you all want to just a beautiful kind of landscape to look at before you go to bed tonight go ahead and google um tongue eating parasite uh and it'll be it'll be beautiful nope nope yep nope it's gross it's very gross i i can't say that i'm gonna do that i'm a thoid google i'm a thoid you know i know i know we hear in in your corner we it's often pointed out that humans are just animals i'm glad we're not fish yeah same same thing this is one of those moments yeah one of those moments when you're reminded i'm glad i'm not an animal not to be a fish all right friends this is this week in science thank you so much for being with us here for our 800th episode oh we're having a lot of fun tonight oh yeah with your help we can continue well past 800 episodes to many many more please head over to this week in science purchase our calendars our calendars are there ready for 2021 we got to start planning ahead or just looking at a year another year they're beautiful pictures blair has drawn beautiful pictures for the blairs animal corner 2021 twist calendar so head over to twist.org you're welcome and click on that horny frog over on the sidebar and purchase your calendars today also while you're there maybe click on that patreon link and choose a level for your support to keep twists bringing sanity and science well and tongue eating maybe to to more people like you thank you for your support we really can't do this without you yeah also also if you if you're like many of us who threw away our 2020 calendar at some point because we were so frustrated you may actually be able to request a 2020 calendar to get to the end of the year now the things are looking a little bit brighter it might be possible i don't know about that justin hey you got some stories for us uh yeah i've got a couple of stories left here in the uh quiver i study conducted by university of london professor christoph bruecker and his team reveal how micro micro structured finlets finlets on alfathers enables silent flight so they uh published this in the institute of physics journal bio inspiration in biomimetics and a paper titled flow turning effect and laminar controlled by the 3d curvature of leading edge serrations from alwing research outlines their translation detailed geometry of alfathers into biomimetic aerofoil to study aerodynamic effect on the special filaments of the leading edge of the feathers so uh there might be an image you can pull up but it turns out that the leading edge of an of an alwing has these strange tiny hairs these little filaments that line it all the way along yeah and they thought that these would produce vortexes they thought this might be something that would sort of enable the you know passage of air above or below or pressure thing it might be help the energy conservation of a of an alice flight but it turns out there were no vortices in fact these these finlets act as these weird guide veins because they have this little curvature to them and they create a regular array uh the regular array of the finlets along the wingspan turn flow direction near the wall and keep the flow for longer and with greater stability and it actually avoids turbulence it's uh turbulence disruptor one of the things that is a potential outcome of this then is more silent flight which if you're an owl seeing at night sneaking up on that errant rodent that stayed up a little too late exactly what you want is silent flight so you just send from the heavens to grab your prey and your talents yeah and that's one of one of the questions about owl flight how exactly are they so quiet compared to other birds and yes this this might be the secret of the owl wing exposed uh they also think they might be able to make quieter aircraft yeah based on fuzzy make them fuzzy that's what i was thinking i just pictured a a plane that looked like the car in dumb and dumber yeah yeah covered in fur cover it in fur yeah i'll say oh go ahead no no i used to take um vulture feathers and owl feathers to classrooms when i would bring an owl to the classroom and you'd wave the vulture feather and go show show show show and then you'd wave the owl feather yeah and so yeah this is something that um it's only been more observant at the time you could have published this study well we knew it you know it's common knowledge in the animal field that it has to do with the little fuzziness but exactly what it's doing to the air is the new information so that's actually very interesting here way ahead like the direct observationists are always way ahead of the of the research that's always seems to be a thing like here's something we just discovered that has been known for a thousand years but not understood why and now we have exactly yeah the why the why is pretty important that's how you end up with fuzzy planes it's great i think it would be awesome to have little little fluffy plane wings would they be fluffy or would they be like velour i don't know like little tiny eyelashes maybe yes come right now i just pictured like in a mel brooks movie like a giant mascara wand before you take out you really are an old person in a young young person's body this is true oh my what else you got there justin uh i have a team of researchers at the University of Maryland's Department of Computer Science they have demonstrated that popular robotic household vacuum cleaners they weren't specific but you're gonna know what they're talking about uh robot vacuum cleaners can be remotely hacked to operate as spying microphones it has a microphone in it i don't even know that yeah it does an unintentional one so they collected information from the laser based navigation system and vacuum cleaner robots and applied signal processing deep learning techniques to recover speech as well as identify television programs that were playing in the same room as the device was operating this is uh research demonstrates a potential this is actually not a new technology exactly but this is demonstrating the potential that any device that uses light detection in ranging lidar technology to be manipulated into collecting sound despite the fact that it doesn't have an intentionally built-in microphone so uh this work was presented the association for computing machinery's conference of embedded network sensor systems send size 2020 huge event if you didn't make it it's okay same every year uh anyway uh so this is this is basically a technology that's been around since the 40s and espionage using a laser on a on a usually on a sheer surface like a window or something right you shine the laser at the window and then people are talking in there and that that laser is reverberating a little bit from that surface and that's translatable into audio this is uh according to nirupam roy who's the assistant professor of the university of manueline's department of computer science we welcome these devices into our homes and we don't think anything about it but we have shown that even though these devices don't have microphones we can repurpose the systems they use for navigation to spy on conversations and potentially reveal private information so everything at our homes is going to spy on us now in various ways we've got hackable internet of things we've got a refrigerator that's spying on us our vacuum cleaner is going to spy on us our printer allows the hackers in to be able to spy on us that was what i was going to ask like if we already have these why are they even messing with the vacuum i feel like this is a way easier way to find out exactly what i'm shopping for online corporate secrets man corporate secrets so so the things that allowed some of the objects in the household that were effective at allowing them to hack this robot's lidar and translate it uh trash can cardboard box a takeout container uh polypropylene bag uh things that they found that were on the floor of this uh of this place were really good at bouncing signal at a reliable enough rate for them to translate with 90 accuracy this isn't this isn't this garbled message of like i heard it sounded like a word was said or 90 accuracy they could identify what was being said so the rumors are like bats they're like bats in our houses from a minute's worth of recording they also had 90 accuracy in identifying what television show is playing okay so uh what's the company that used to put the little boxes in households around around the country to figure out what people were watching and whether or not they were watching advertisements nielson yeah yes nielson's gonna hack your rumba they don't have any other way now there probably are still nielson families but those are the only people actually still watching tv yeah they're all in nielson families because they have to yeah exactly oh that's fascinating i just the way it's the way they were able to do it is really i mean that that's that's some thinking to be able to take the lidar and the reflections of sound off of objects to be able to detect speech i mean if you are a motivated spy there you go i'm glad you listened to twist now you have a new little tool in your spy toolcase all right there's uh yeah another level of that too where this wasn't this wasn't part of the audio translation but they also they uh found that they could get a map of the residents like the furniture where everything is because these uh these robots make they don't they not just acting on instinct every time they go out there or not just reacting based on lidar and you know they actually create a map of your residents and that stores somewhere and if you access that you also have a layout of your place where all the furniture is where the stuff is all that kind of thing right you know a lot of the information you you may not realize that you're your vacuum cleaners collecting goodness gracious goodness gracious okay i hope people have been collecting twists since the beginning all 800 episodes there are a few of you who've been out there and listened to them all we had some wonderful responses from people this week uh Blair put a little call out to twitter for people to uh let us know what their favorite moments their favorite favorite uh favorite things from twist for the last 800 episodes have been what are those fond memories of twist uh dr yens full he was a guest on twist several guests several shows back now and he says congrats on twist 800 being interviewed on twist was an incredibly fun experience and as i've mentioned before it gave me a push toward embracing my scicom side especially with Blair's encouragement which is now my new career and makes me very happy onto the next 800 Blair we made a scicommer i i mean i'm so proud yeah like a very successful one too which is like so great so great magnus apollo wrote oh my gosh 800 it's been such a long and crazy ride thank you for this and for helping lead the way for science education and sharing wonderful facts about the cosmos you are all amazing Todd Northcutt said so proud to have journeyed with you i've you i used to travel a lot for work and twist was always my companion i've listened to episodes while in japan sweden norway germany china and the uk starting right after justin joined in 2005 or 2006 looking forward to 800 more then we had one from rave langston and rave wrote in around 09 or 10 i downloaded my first episode of twist science and all i recall is jackson fly saying i don't know maybe i am demented and that was the line but for some reason hooked me on the show he said at first no idea what the story was but i've been listening ever since and i wrote back and wanted to figure it out and said i wish i knew what that story that would have made out of this story it might have just been me admitting publicly well we expected all along about ourselves individually we all could be demented how would we know if we were demented it would be things other people knew about us this show is brought to you to us well he ended up finding it and so we have this story from um let's see let's make sure i can cue it up correctly he found it it was from september second 2010 let's see if i can get this going working out your brain it's good it's supposed to keep dementia at bay right i don't know it seems to lead to it go to museums read books have interesting conversations with people this is the groovy sciency podcast do crossword puzzles all that kind of thing um well the research is in that yeah yeah it delays dementia definitely but if you're gonna get dementia it's not going to stop it and once the dementia sets in you actually become demented at a much faster rate than if you didn't do anything but kind of the the key point here though i mean it's like oh great my brain worked longer so disclaimer disclaimer disclaimer the rest of this show may lead to dementia right well that's the way it could be spun totally but that's not not the the way that it really works i mean doing all the mental push-ups will keep your brain healthier longer so your quality of life will be and your quality of mental capacity will be better longer but then when you get dementia it's gonna happen whether or not you do anything you know it's going to happen so it's like do you not want to do anything and have the slow decline over a long period of time or do you want to do stuff and be interested and try and use your brain and like have a good happy brain for a lot longer and then be like and bam demented so you know you have a choice you have a choice which i think is interesting i think i'd make a good demented person yeah i wonder if anybody are you sure you're not already a little the thing is like i wonder if i could tell the difference like i'm maybe externally you could tell the difference but if you if you become yourself demented do you really know that you're demented or does this seem rational to you and then does everybody else because if you're thinking along demented lines does everybody else suddenly seem very irrational yes like there's something wrong with them yes that's exactly it okay i could see myself i might already be demented good self diagnosis i like this i find much of what i see around me is irrational i like it i like it give me another story dude so so wait that's 10 years ago and absolutely nothing has changed in my perspective of the world i have evolved not not an iota from that past self we are still demented same and i didn't remember the story but i had the same take on dementia 10 years ago that i had now and even actually 10 years ago of me even finished the point which is that if you're demented you think other people are really demented which i feel all the time all the time i didn't want to tell you little to 10 year me a year ago mean realize that's why kiki brought me on how strong that feeling really would be i was strong i do want to i do want to thank rave for that return that blast to the past that was that was very very fun thank you so much for that uh fred uh fred 104 said the shenanigans obviously likes the shenanigans also the original interviews with the biologists that did a microbiota transplant on himself and the interview during the fledgling research of ketamine for major depressive disorder and how it affected neurons neurons many more but those stuck out immediately yes the microbiome research that was jaziah zaner and uh had him back on the show recently when both of you were gone that was a great conversation yeah yeah and the uh the ketamine research that was a doctor from up here in the pacific northwest and rike blanking on his last name but yeah he has ketamine clinics to help people with depression what does fred say also our shouting convos and this is all in caps because shouty blare what are you talking about meeting dr kiki randomly we met at a robot film festival in san francisco many years back there you go and all the sponsored by dr justin not a doctor not a real doctor we do we have had some we have had some we have had some fun a little bit of fun also all the sponsorship checks uh you received from dr jackson not dr justin not a real doctor should not actually be attempted to be cashed as they may result in felony charges for both of us all right matt and lexie wrote and said congratulations on the 800th i'm super happy to know that my dearest friend uh yens was on your show anything that yens does is a fave of mine i'd love to be on your show too someday with yens on it too so we have a request for an interview matt and lexie do mr i's education it looks like mr i people eventually we're gonna have everyone on the show like brain imaging we'll have everybody on the show eventually it's gonna be on the show eventually this is just the first 800 in the chat room i saw phil plate the bad astronomer he's been on the show kashore harry he has not been on the show has been a science communication friend for a long time going back um i don't know if he's still there in the chat room uh but he's he's listened i know for a very long time and i know so many of you here have really been a part of what we're what we do here at twist for so long and it's awesome blare justin do you have any favorite moments favorite things things my favorite thing selfishly is that i have people who actually want my art i have a reason to do art i have a reason to make it and uh if you asked me 10 years ago if i would be doing art on a regular basis and people would like want it i never would have believed you um i mean it all started with that originally being my plan as a career and then being told that i couldn't have that career because i'm colorblind and then be realizing as an adult that that's stupid but also having other interests and then somehow the science podcast became a way for me to do and produce art which is insane and amazing and i'm so thankful and i can't believe people are still buying it i saw somebody tweeted today that they got their twist masks they were happy to have them and had my woolly mammoth on there and it's great it's a huge gift so thank you to all of you for that for making me feel supported in my passion we support you keep art ing i'll keep art and keep art ing yes joston i think my my favorite moment from the show was not during the show okay uh i was working in the genomics department of a biotech company and they were doing a tour of uc davis students and uh they stopped by my station where i was operating the the sequencers and they go and oh and uh and he also uh does a science show and a bunch of them raised their hands were like yeah yeah oh i watched all the time or yeah i listened to that on the and they like they like knew the show and knew and knew and the person who was introducing was like didn't realize like that was gonna happen but they all knew who uh had all been listening to the show because it rebroadcasts over the campus airways still so that was that was pretty cool to know that that feedback can you get when you know that oh my other favorite moment is every time we've gone on location and met the listeners in those towns and got the hang out and socialize uh it's always been a great time i like uh i like the friends we've met along the way uh it's been that's been probably the biggest the biggest influence and we lost we lost a really dear friend this year and ed and ed was ed was uh a good friend me and ed we talked uh beyond science we went and talked a lot of politics together we talked a lot of uh science as well uh and he has definitely missed he's i think i would say uh our longest time listener because according to ed he started listening before the podcast he's some see there i think ed and ed and pamela there ed pamela and patrick maybe and patrick patrick might have gotten uh in pre the pre-podcast through the old school i see uh links or whatever but um oh well i also have to real quick um throw a shout out to my dad if he is watching or listening because he's the reason i'm here because he came up to me one day besides that he's the reason i've been pissed because he came up to me one day or we were talking on the phone or something he was like hey so do you know about these things podcasts and like i i i didn't yet i didn't have an iphone yet so i didn't know and blare's dad are the same age by the way what's a podcast no no no you're not the same age but um anyway uh he was telling me about these things called podcasts you say i was listening to this podcast that was in the you know suggested science podcasts and i i love it and they just put a call out for an intern and i think you should do it so i had to like adopt the podcast lifestyle listen to a couple episodes and then psych myself up to think that i could actually communicate science and then go ahead and email kiki without twists in the subject line so i got spam filtered and then finally we met up for coffee and then this history but yeah it was all him he pushed pushed he pushed me in the best way possible thank you dad yeah thanks to pat thanks to blairs dad and for the t-shirts he has silk screened for us over the years and um yeah he's listened for a long time so thanks for listening so many of you i'm looking at the names in the chat and i'm looking at people in our youtube and facebook and twitch chat that i can see here thank you for being here with us and thank you for bringing us to 800 episodes i hope that you're here with us for many more because there's so much more science the science keeps on coming knowledge evolves right yeah we gotta keep up with it and sometimes i kind of go wow how did we go from this crazy idea drinking beer and talking about science on a hot summer night in davis california on a balcony to 20 years and over 800 episodes 800 podcast episodes yeah of this weekend science so thank you all it's not possible without all of you yeah it's a it's a it's an amazing conversation to have because it doesn't end and well occasionally we feel like we're repeating themes the subject matters always new and fresh and the insights are new and fresh and different i can't think of another thing that you could talk about this much yeah it's always changing and but at the same time we can go back to some things from years ago and say huh this is a little bit different we've been talking about this issue for over a decade this is where it is now we've been talking about this thing for this long now this is where it is now and we you know over the history we are now at a point where we can have that perspective to be able to track the progress of something so that stories are not just for for me anyway stories very often are not just an individual story that actually tie into a research landscape and that and that's much deeper and much more interesting but you know there's there's always going to be a tongue eater in there somewhere yeah even spicy you know spice it up okay i'm still like i'm like a little concerned with the fact that my perspective and take on things has not changed the entire course okay you are who you are man no like uh what was it we were talking about this some months ago where we're talking about like uh people who think of the word versus people think of the image and kiki you said uh apple what do you think of and i said you know green apple with these little brown dots and you're like that's exactly what you said last time we talked about this a decade ago which i didn't remember and i went back and i found that episode oh my goodness i have not changed the picture of an apple in my head ever it's just locked in there with some real permanence some things don't change i'm really i i'm hoping that my my presentation skills have changed over the years i think i i swear i almost didn't recognize your voice when you play that first episode and what's really amazing is that i sounded a lot like my 17 year old son and like like the articulations and everything in a way i was was very unlike what i how i speak now but very much like how he speaks get a load of this one good morning welcome to this weekend science yet again back with more science for your technological ear lobes we're here in the station for the next hour we'd like to thank the analyst and janey venom who were uh no no not janey venom what am i talking about clinger who is visiting on um on the analysts show this last couple of hours thank them for a great morning wake-up call and um we'd like to get onto our own stuff if you want to join us down here in the studio over the next half hour the phone number is 530-752-2777 or you can also check out various websites www.kdvs.org that's still there radio stations website where you can access forums and also archived shows the show schedules all sorts of information about wonderful goings on here at kdvs www.thisweekandscience.com is our website where we have updates about the show itself and our goings on in the science world and maybe t-shirts and maybe t-shirts we're not sure you have to go and look for yourself but you know to find out you would we've got an exciting show today for a long time we have a very exciting show today we're very we're very excited about today's show at least i haven't slept in three days so he's lying i don't know if anything would keep him from sleeping yes i do sleep to sleep of angels every night somnambulistic um any who nine o'clock today we've got brian green dr brian green from clumbia university who is a super model of science in my vision of the world he's going to walk the physics catwalk for us that's right tell us a little bit about string theory and space time gravity and why rainbows he's going to cover everything today yeah we've we've got a lot of that's been the second uh we talked to brian green and justin asked him about his oceanic space theory that episode that great there was a period of time when we did interviews and oh wait it's still that way justin's like i got a physicist in front of me i'm gonna ask him what i don't know tell me the answers it's your job to fill in all of the blanks fill in all the blanks in my theory of the universe yes oh my goodness but i'm trying to think about i think my voice has deepened a little i was talking a little more breathily i had a very very uh what is it the the kind of voice where it like you know it was different different i was a different person that was another lifetime ago i think a long time ago okay are we gonna play a game yes after show da da da da da da game somebody says that justin you have a 17 year old dude you look like you're 24 i am 24 and i have a 17 year old no do you want do you want quiz show now or quiz show in the after show i mean i think it might be fun for our podcast audience to hear it let's do it okay all right so i'm sharing all right twist oh all right so um the people who who are watching live don't type your answers into the chat because that'll give it away to justin and kiki justin and kiki um if you have a piece of paper nearby i should have set this up better if you have a piece of paper nearby you should write it down um or type it in your phone or something just so you can reveal your answer okay you're ready for the first uptrees i'm ready great okay first question according to the twist wikipedia twist has listeners in how many countries later well i i was supposed to is justin trying to hang on i'm trying to get uh my chat thing to respond oh you could write it out pat are you looking it up on the twist wiki no i'm looking at it i'm cheating player the pub quiz host will disqualify you just so you don't all right um so uh we'll just do it this way kiki what do you think 80 and justin said 51 the answer is 60 i'm closer without i don't know if that is at all accurate but that is what it ever so that's what it said it's probably the number i put down at one point yeah i've never updated so also according to the twist wikipedia when did justin join the team what year so again i don't know if this is accurate one this is just what it says in the wikipedia i know the month too okay right the right the year in the chat room justin or just the year yeah just the year well i got i'll do month in here so okay and there's a lack so kiki what's your answer so that episode from the podcast was 2005 and justin i in one of the episodes i was listening to today he said he'd been with hanging out on the show for the past year so 2004 but i think i probably got it wrong and put 2005 on the twist wiki 2005 oh the wiki is incorrect okay because i distinctly remember creating uh doing an election show uh although i guess i don't know if that was just as a guest guest as opposed to a uh temporary sub in fill in guest until she could find an actual co-host which would have been most of 2005 and 2006 fair okay so i didn't know you wrote you wrote the wikipedia i didn't know that so i might have yeah unfair so you're gonna be disqualified from this question i want everyone in the chat room to answer including justin what is dr ke's bs in according to the wikipedia also because i i thought someone else wrote it so i was like i wonder if this is but this is wikipedia though not the website correct yes no i did not write the wikipedia then you can guess too no but i think i referred i think for the justin answer i had said 2005 many times because the podcast and justin kind of merged okay so if you think there's a chance but you know it's kind of up in the air you can throw it in there so this is the bachelor's this isn't the hd yeah what is my bachelor's degree i'm still gonna say neurophysiology okay so justin says neurophysiology farah says biology it's very just general biology which i don't even think uc davis talked um shubru says biochemistry life sciences is that can you just be that general no i think it's a life science no uc davis is way more special i know what my bs is in a whole bunch of bs the answer is conservation biology wild life and conservation biology to be exact well this is what it says in wikipedia it says conservation okay all right according to twist.org justin founded the institute of reason at what age i know because it actually happened this is what i know because it actually happened so people in the chat room feel free to join i don't think i know this i was very tickled this is on this is on my website this is an actual thing that happened so i know this i think i'm gonna say age six close farah said nine see shubru said 23 carol an says 15 forced to resign at age eight the answer is age seven it's close seven i made it a rule that only seven year olds should be responsible for the future because we had more at stake and we're smarter than six year olds so that we had a better understanding of the world so we were right at the prime spot to make all the decisions for the world unfortunately uh it was very successful uh only i think when i turned eight i was forced out of the institute of reason uh for being too old you're too old you're not reasonable anymore okay out this i'm actually really proud of this i need to do some research for this okay so if you go to twist.org and you look at our broadcast okay what episode number was my very first appearance your first appearance my first appearance the first time you heard my voice was it episode 356 episode 212 or episode 583 i want to say it's 356 i feel like you've been around for a long time like i almost don't remember like those audio clips we heard earlier i almost can't imagine the time when you were not part of the show that's very sweet well uh no i don't i don't mean to be sweet about it i know you're not mean to be sweet but i feel my heart feels warm and 356 uh we both agreed then yep yes okay so my first appearance was on january 12th 2012 i had to find it um and in that episode what i was introduced justin said he would get me a hippo for christmas the next year but he did not blair has been bitter ever since no actually i just i listened to it today and i i did try but i got caught going over the wall of the zoo in sacramento and by the way they don't have hippos in sacramento no not anymore they haven't for a long time yeah she's also very embarrassing because i got right to where the hippo had been uh but i kept looking for it but it's been gone for it been gone for like a decade all right next one what is dr kiki's phd in specificity please specificity i know what it is specifically is it neurophysiology life science i all i rarely always mess this up say the entire neuro it's a lot of words it's about me neurobiological i always shorten it because it's easier for consumption if it's not can i can i can i say brain science the answer is molecular cellular and integrative physiology is that it it is oh i'll never remember that that's my phd or as uh hot rod says in the chat room her phd is in bird brains so there's that many zebra finch brains i yeah many zebra so now i moved to the dr kiki wikipedia so according to the kiki sanford wiki i know that one where was dr kiki born which i didn't know i knew where you spent your childhood but i clearly did not know where you were born unless i'm wrong i might be wrong i think i i think i know this one nope justin you're wrong oh what i know i don't know okay i should just put i should gotten more she always answered questions more generally i should just say california the first two and a half three years of my life i lived in montereo on the russian river and yeah and so santa rosa was the closest the closest hospital with my mom yep okay so this is another one i had to do some poking around for so according to twist.org the episode listings there which are the following have been mentioned more times now this is based on mentions in the show notes interesting is it spiders pandas or squirrels oh in show notes oh this is tricky so my guess is that the show notes stopped happening at some point they've never stopped right now to the point where i know we talked a lot about spider silk in the beginning and pandas and squirrels are so it's all the pandas and squirrels is all Blair which is like but that's like most of the episodes did you did you find this by using the search bar or was this by the categories because all right i'm wrong with spiders spider's final answer what's key he's a we got lots of spiders in the chat room also i know spiders are only with it spiders the answer is spiders have 115 episode listings pandas have 30 and squirrels have 20 we see the favorites yeah all right um we just have a few more here um what was the original name for blairs animal quarter wait it wasn't blairs animal no justin has named it both times but it had a different name it was actually my second episode was the first time i brought a story and i think he told me to bring one story and i brought two and i think i was like which one you're like do both and so um justin uh calling her more times yes what would i have named it if not blairs animal corner blairs amazing animal kingdom okay so that's justin's guess blairs blue planet blairs better than david ottenborough the interns corner interns corner yep is that all i have to you blairs animal insights blairs the oh gosh blairs story time that's new tycoon i don't know what i'm gonna say i'm blairs story time with blair it was called blairs animal house okay oh why did that take too long so the first story did that as i said it was the the second episode i was ever on it was january 19th and it was about eye eyes and their finger their long fingers yeah oh that was what that was your first story i should have you recently had another eye eye story yeah that was yeah here i can i'm gonna share the link eye eyes in the chat room that's funny weirdo eye eyes here it is all right um just a couple blair it's beat deary that would have been nice according to twist.org slash youtube which is following is not a twist short by title neuro gaming blairs sperm update okay that's one of them i'm sure do plants have memory that's uh palcahol oh i don't know what that means shark smells and celebrate the octopus it's gotta be no which isn't celebrate the octopus i'm gonna go with the shark smells um it was a trick they're all tricky i know well it's you know just to let everyone know there are 15 twist shorts on our youtube page they're all very fun and silly so check them all out they're all there we filmed a bunch of things on location which is great because you can't go anywhere right now so you can live through us vicariously in the past all right um next the last question according to twist.org which is the following have been mentioned more time so this is also based on search poop or brains i'm just gonna poop brains what about poop brains however however i feel like i feel like this is largely a contest between uh me and kiki uh who is kiki is likely said brains the vast majority of the time brains have been mentioned yeah i have likely said poop the vast majority of the times that poop has been mentioned i feel like she talks a slight bit more than me so i will say it's brains okay yeah i'm gonna if if this is stuff written in the show notes brains uh the answer is brains by a lot so poop has only mentioned in the show notes 50 times brains 450 priorities people priorities mm-hmm yeah and um here is the very zombies people yeah uh the very last question again this is based on the wikipedia so this is not necessarily accurate but according to the wikipedia i have no memories of things in public not be trusted according to the wikipedia what year was twist founded 2000 maybe hang on hang on wait for it it's uh eventually gonna show up in the chat there's a big delay hot rod said 2004 justin says 1999 according to the wikipedia 1999 yeah there you go and that's song no it's not the rocking yeah everybody's got a bomb i'll die any day i can't do the 1999 oh prince 1999 yeah that takes that takes some doing some skill thank you for that blare yeah that was awesome yeah that was great to have a trivia master run through trivia yeah it was nice they haven't run a pub quiz in like probably four years so i love that that was fantastic thank you so much yeah and oh my gosh we're still in the show maybe we should close it up and on that it is the end of the show we've made it to the end everyone what after before we get to the end of the show we have to remind people that there is an after show and we're gonna have a little fun there too but uh yeah let's get to the end of the show get to the after show we'll get to the after show we will everyone thank you for joining us for another episode our 800th episode i do hope you enjoyed the show shoutouts we have shoutouts to people who helped the show thank you to fada for all of your help with show notes and social media and doing all the great stuff that you do to just keep things going thank you so much for all of your work thank you to gordon mccloud for manning that chat room thank you for keeping our web chat running and a safe place to be for everyone and identity for thank you so much for recording the show so that we've got show to put out for everyone thank you so much also thank you to patreon and the borough's welcome fund for their support their generous support let's see if i can get the right screens open here thank you too chris wasniak dav bun vegaard chef stad hellsnider donathan styles aka don stylo john shioligium john lee alec often matty pair and gore of charma shoe brew sarah for far darwin hannon donald mundes steven alberon darryl mysheck stu polyke andrew swanson fredes 104 corin benton sky luke paul ronovich bedbingnell kevin reardon noodles jack bryan kerrington map base josh fury shonanina lamb john mckay greg riley marqueson flow gene telly a steve leesman aka zima ken haze howard tan christopher rappin richard brenden minnish melisand johnny gridley flying out richard porter christopher drier mark mesara's artyom greg briggs john outwood melania is a russian super spy rudy garcia dav wilkinson rodney lewis paul matt sutter philips shane curt larson craig landon mountainsloth jim drapo alex wilson sarah chavis john ratna swami sue doster jason olds dav neighbor eric nap e oak heaven parochan erith luthan steve debel bob calder marjorie paul standin patrick pecoraro paul disney ben rothig gary s tony steele ulysses adkins brian kondren jason roberts and dav fridel thank you so much for all of your support on patreon and if any of you are out there are interested in supporting us you can find information at twist.org click that patreon link on next week's show oh it's twist giving time next week it's time to give give thanks we're always always giving thanks so much gratitude and we will be back of course then on wednesday at eight p.m pacific time broadcasting live from our youtube and facebook studios as well as twist.org something forward backward slash live try both i don't know which one it is i can't tell them apart to backslash uh want to listen to us uh as a podcast uh you get to miss out on all this fun up here but still maybe you get to multitask while you listen just search for this week in science wherever podcasts are found if you enjoyed the show please also get your friends to subscribe to the podcast as well for more information on anything you've heard here today show notes and links to stories will be available on our website www.twist.org and you can also sign up for a newsletter you can also contact us directly email kirsten at kirsten at thisweekinscience.com justin at twist minion at gmail.com or me blair at blairbaz at twist.org just be sure to put twist twis in that subject line or your email will be spam filtered into a time vortex and it'll show up in 1999 no one will get it yeah uh bird voices are your thing you can tweet at us on twitter where we are at twist science at dr kiki at jackson fly net blairs menagerie we love your feedback if there is a topic you would like us to cover or address a suggestion for an interview haiku that comes to you in the night please let us know we'll be back here next week for eight oh one and we hope you've done this again for more great science news but if you learned anything from this show remember it's all in your head this week in science this week in science this week in science it's the end of the world so i'm setting up shop got my banner unfurled it says the science is in i'm gonna sell my advice show them how to stop the robot with a simple device i'll reverse global warming with a wave of my hand and all it is coming your way so everybody listen to what i say i use the scientific mal broadcast my science this week in science this week in science science science this week in science this week in science this week in science science science i've got one disclaimer and it shouldn't be news that's what i say may not represent your views but i've done the calculations and i've got a plan if you listen to the science you may just at understand that we're not trying to threaten your philosophy we're just trying to say this week in science this week in science this week in science this week in science this week in science this week in science i've got a laundry list of items i want to address from stopping global hunger to dredging Loch Ness i'm trying to promote more rational thought and i'll try to answer any question you've got the hell can I ever see the changes i seek when i can only set up shop one hour of what we say and can science this week in science science this week in science science this week in science this week in science this week in science We're now in the after-show everyone so much after-show you know what I'm doing right now what logging into a steam account what's that it is for games which game game called among us so is there any way to play that on a computer or do you have to do it on a mobile device because I couldn't find you can do it on a mobile device easily with a computer I think you need to have steam okay so I'm gonna grab my iPad hold on okay so I don't know how this happened I think Blair might have suggested it as our after-show fun tonight to play among us the iPad and let's see if this works oh Ryan I'm downloading among us on the iPad let's see I can do that again I just said I'm downloading among us on the iPad he's like awesome I'll play that okay bye go save some lives have good work Brian you guys have good work I say be safe yeah be safe be safe that's the most important thing he right into school on the ice on an e-bike yikes be safe child be safe okay okay so now I don't use steam so now I have to navigate myself through the steam to find the game okay so you don't have the you don't have the pay version of this to you I'm sure I don't know there it is oh wait do I have to install it on my computer can't I just play it through the steam thing Justin do you have a paid account for among us because if any of the people playing yeah you get ads wait what you get ads in the game if you if nobody has the paid version oh that's fine okay darn it so I guess the question is should I try to join the stream for my iPad so that I can screen share so people can watch or are you gonna try to do you're trying to do that I'm gonna try and yeah stream the game from my end of things maybe we Carolina says maybe we have to do this another time I've already down I've already I have steam okay I'm gonna give out a code any of those right I've decided to host jump right in this claimer for me he's out there if anyone's out there and wants to play with us you can join us on among us so I I'd never played before and I played the free play for a couple of minutes today so I understand like how to do things in the ship but I don't understand any part any other part of the game so I'll figure it out I understand it's like mafia and you can call an emergency meeting if you think you know who's the mirror is or whatever so I feel like I got as long as I don't oh I mean I could be the murderer but as long as I don't become a murderer I should be fine you a n I f f you as an umbrella is an apple and as in Nancy I as in if and then f f as in you a n I f f I have to enter my name nobody's gonna be able to hear the music and sound effects that I can hear there's badger oh hey badger well I have to oh how'd you get your fun outfit so tap on the little computer that's highlighted and you can pick a hat this is so cool are you excited to do your little character I want to figure out how to play it without making it take over my whole screen I can't do screen share if I can't fucking see everything can I and I f f it can be all caps it has to be it forced it to be in all caps for me anyone else playing among us there there now I look like a badger oh you got a full body suit I just matched the color to the ears I don't want to right now apparently I've played for nine hours this is not my this is not my account I'm borrowing an account I really like your hat Justin it's really good I can't figure out how to get in without is it stream I'm doing this on a phone yeah so Kiki I could like I said I could try to join from my iPad as a fourth person and screen share oh I wonder if yeah I'm having I'm just I I mean I've got I can open it and get into it but I don't know how to not make it take over my whole screen identity force to brain dead people are tired science is awesome you just took over my whole screen again it's so funny I wonder if I can't know can you screen share the application before you start the game so I have to say that was a very fun me andering down memory lane it was that was a lot of fun old show blastouts that was really awesome it's only me and Blair in the game I guess I guess nobody wants to play this game this is an online gaming fail MMORPG fail I thought online games or something people always wanted to play it happened as my seven-year-old likes to point out it takes a while for people to join oh I've also made it private maybe I should make it public no I mean public means anyone can join yeah we're gonna have to do it just to get enough bodies hold on what's the minimum minimum you see it now or yes okay you a n I ff geez Sadie so online post right code you say it again you a n you a n I ff okay but so this is important Justin and I shouldn't look at this screen now right no no it's fine because if she is she's the imposter then like you know that's her bad because we'll see her screen yeah that's when the game starts okay what's the game starts so let's see I need a hat of course I need a hat Badger is just running around here like a crazy person badger doing should I have a little beanie I should have a Viking hat no I think the Viking I almost chose the horns I like or maybe the alien oh that's a good one maybe I want an alien hat on my head oh I can have a pet oh I can't have pets do I want yeah I think you might have the paid version I might have the paid version which would mean I like pink pinks pink pinks pretty awesome they'll be blue yeah purple no pink pink is the best there's somebody in here somebody's here who came to join us control alt oh there's some people oh you made him public that's why I have a dog running around with me I'm very busy yeah there's a lot going on with you a lot going on all right we're gonna wait two minutes and play one public game despite how many yeah if you can get in get in code for the room is now public but the code is still UAN IFF people are gonna drop out like who is this watch is going on do I want no go away what are they saying I think katsuki did it oh no already us no ninja looks us all right we're at six out of ten ninjas totally sus god you need ten people we don't need to get rid of this dog that dog is gonna be a dead giveaway this dog is just too much gonna slow you down I'm too much going on over here what I'm taking him around around the space giving him exercise oh my god oh somebody's asking for the code in the YouTube chat room I've said a bunch of times UAN IFF there's only one spot left here we go UAN IFF we're gonna get another person and we're gonna start a game we're gonna have to figure out who did it oh wait so you can't look at the when it when it starts don't look at the screen share because you'll know who the if it like it'll say what I see know whether you are okay I do close your feed until it gets past that screen complicated to get back to it who is this person talk no Justin just closure just minimize the window the stream yard window two seconds no I'm saying to you don't look oh man okay now I have to remember how to run oh wait I don't know how to do this I don't know how to do this who died wow who is the imposter let's see Katsuki says purple I didn't see anything I have absolutely no idea purple says why me hmm who am I gonna vote for Justin that's a little buddy wasn't me hundred percent if not then me I just know what I don't have anybody else there's so much time left for voting are we done voting now come on people it ends in a minute come on rookie vote rookies just hanging out not voting I feel like this is the election or something vote all the votes must be captured really every time too long just sell is me vote vote vote rookie looking for cookies okay rookie I don't have any cookies no cookies can I kick people out Kiki did you unvote what no you took your I voted stickers in there anymore I voted what happened did I mess up I honestly I don't know what a weird screen oh no one was ejected two imposters oh no how well oh hey there's a map look at that you guys doing just hanging out huh I don't know how to do anything most boring okay remember do I have a thing here I think I don't know how to use the controls oh look at that there we go understand I'm stuck I'm stuck in a room yeah this map is rough I just got a dog I need to get rid of this dog God this is a lot of dead ends in this map oh I see you have to open ah unintentional steam bath I really this is a gigantic map because there's so many of us nothing everything's fine oh I'm just walking everywhere now everything's under control way up there this stupid space key some reported it dead oh no Justin you're dead I'm still here in spirit only he's a spirit his name I don't know how to use the controls on my keyboard it's not working making me sad I had so many opportunities there avenge me I will try okay I whoa Uji wall is oh left not dead two out of the five 40% of the remaining crew are suspect oh Ricky oh damn damn how did we lose what happened we all got killed but I didn't get killed what happened oh wow oh my god getting out of there I'm a mess I'm a mess yeah control we won I won by being completely unable to play the game I had so many opportunities I'm like next to people nobody's around I'm like I can't figure out how to kill anybody so I I had trouble with the control like I would get up to one of those like highlighted items but I wouldn't be able to get my body right where you need to be well I could figure out what I needed to do but yeah I couldn't get my I couldn't get my little guy to the right position to activate the panel I think maybe it's not meant to be on the iPad maybe it's everything I was trying to use my mouse and it didn't want to work I was clicking and dragging I was clicking I was and then I just had to use the arrows on my keyboard and then every time I hit the space bar all it did was pop the map up so it was not doing what I wanted it to do at all you know I think this is my my strategy from here on out playing games is just win by not knowing what the heck is going on you're like that member of the group project that doesn't do anything gets the A Carol Ann says I keep thinking you guys are drinking at 8 a.m a stylist would work yeah I'm often drinking at 8 a.m sometimes it's coffee water sometimes it's water sometimes it's neither of those things just depends on where 8 a.m. falls in the world bad kicky bad I know bad it was bad playing I'll figure it out though I want to figure out how not to have it take over my screen because that would make it easier to pop back and forth between screen sharing and not screen sharing and figure out the controls here and then we can play another time and then because Gord said he can't play tonight but he has the game and would like to identity says this game is confusing we could do it again we can also just do it we're not on there we could do it when we're not on air I know Gord is like what twist is gaming this is weird we're gaming poorly I mean I think that could be that could be our whole shtick is yeah gaming poorly I feel like that's what got us into a trouble that one time right gaming poorly we don't need to do that again or perhaps gaming very well yes anyway oh my goodness I couldn't even say that I it was sad I couldn't Gord says no gaming poorly is the norm on twitch all right well it makes me feel better I was sad I couldn't see the chat in here and I would love to see I wanted to see what everyone was talking about while we were playing because goodness knows I need one more distraction while I don't know what's going on I don't think it's windows only but yeah for desktop you have to have steam or you have to have it it's on Android isn't it OS and Android I got it through the iOS so yeah yeah yeah I did a little googling and I think technically through through the actual company that makes the game I think you have to have iOS but I think there's somebody who like built it into a website or something but I didn't click on it because I thought it might eat my computer down wanted to eat your computer yeah I I have installed this now on my computer and I'm afraid if you haven't already been hacked you just will be later your robot can easily drop on you you have no there's no sanctuary that's what that's what I'm thinking there is there is no sanctuary everyone everywhere they're spying all spies all the time good we could we have we could figure out other games to and stream science games we can stream and talk about science we need to make a science game I made one tonight guys I know science trivia that was fun science trivia that was a lot of fun science trivia is always fun always fun close this close that up bloop bloop bloop bloop bloop bloop bloop bloop closing windows but now I know I can stream video gaming's trutus computer at least my perspective of it I have some sciencey board games I don't know very much about video games so something I have played a bunch with friends it's not sciencey but are you familiar with the game code names no well there's an online version of it and so basically like if we were on the same team I would say like animal three and so there might be three words on this board of like four by four of words that might relate to that clue and so you'd have to guess them mm-hmm so like each team has a set of clues that they have to get their teammates to guess and there's one word that's like the booby trapped word and you auto lose so you don't want them to accidentally guess that one okay so you try and guess them get them to guess everything except for that one right right I've got something for you here I built something that'll change the world I'll win the Nobel Prize and maybe even a girl it doesn't need a battery or gasoline my electronic or mechanical perpetual motion machine 2008 unbalanced wheel who wrote our theme song wrote perpetual motion machine Alessandro Troyano was his name then there was then there was this one the biosphere is filling down science and nature won't kid you the new nomenclature to diagnose nature is the technical term climate yeah climb it it's a pathology for ecology it's climb it mother nature's layers and fossils tell us her story in detail study physical laws not Santa Claus and she'll give you a piece of her tail an eon of coal oil and natural gas in a few hundred years depletes hydrocarbons we're leaking geologically speaking got laid between the sheets climb media climb media that one's a good one good old songs from old compilation CDs I love them so good so so good are you still playing Justin yeah he's like I'm still playing among us you don't know what you're doing oh I bailed I bailed I bailed I didn't feel like I was being able to multitask all the things you see this my interface oh your dog is dead me did you finish your shampoos I mean I drink half a bottle it's time for bed I have to work tomorrow where has the work in the morning like so many people wake up early take this fart head for a jog of poop brain you mean yeah yeah I gotta feed this poop brain and this poop brain no one on his way to save lives I gotta feed that poop brain too then I gotta go to work what time do you have to be at work these days well I don't have to be I have to open the laptop at nine o'clock okay that's not terrible yeah that's good yeah I've been going to some of the parks to check them out but now I think I have to cool it cuz we just moved to the purple tier hey sorry to twist 800 I don't want to say 800 more but that's a lot that's but I'm not doing anything else on a Wednesday evening so unless we start doing shorter more frequent episodes I mean that's 15 years from now we'll see to the future to more episodes to more fun we just gotta keep going until all of our children can take our place into it oh they're ready I could fill all three slots mine doesn't exist yet so you gotta hurry up your dog I'm working on it's in the plans it's on the map they noted your red cup where are you you've got your microphone are you in a permanent semi-permanent place yeah I'm off the road you're off the road I'm off the road for a while gonna be having an address it'll be very wonderful very strange compared to recent months but I don't know I don't know about the wonderful aspect of it I'll be very brick and mortar oriented for a while at least until I get a vaccine and then so are most of us yeah yeah what's the status of the bus since you were away for pretty long the bus is fine I just got 400 pounds of steel delivered a couple days ago actually tomorrow my big job is to go I got delivered in the rain it was just an unfortunate the one day it rained was when I took my steel delivery have it covered by basically I'm gonna have to go in sand metal and then spray paint with primer and then begins the order of operations which requires the roof rack to go on before the insulation of the ceiling and then the ceiling itself and then that's the power that feeds the other things solar panels in this so yeah this week is metal or G craft stuff gotta get the gotta get all of those steel tubes up on top of the bus so I have a platform to place solar panels and a little roof deck that can hold propane and air conditioner a little bit of storage awesome I'm sure right now out there it's getting pretty cold now it's during California century valleys it was a warm day today it was a it was a sweat day here in almost December sun was shining today plenty warm that's like here so last week in daily city San Francisco area it was so cold I was under a heated blanket and I had a space heater pointed at me which like I recognize like it's all relative right but I just mean in terms of Bay Area cold it was like 30 degrees colder than it's been okay no last week oh yeah last week there was two days here that hit slightly both below freezing overnight yeah it was like 35 here which is like oh that that was warm that was warm compared to the Central Valley it got below 30 yeah but I'm saying for San Francisco daily city that's insanely cold yes it is and then all of a sudden over the weekend it got hot again you guys would you guys like gonna take the vaccine or what like an Apple updates do what messes up before you download so the here's the thing the first vaccine you have access to ticket but most people will not have access to a vaccine either of them for a while for a long time so you will act we will actually know where or not things get messy you know because I'm not a friend my love one we'll be getting it right away I know frontline health care workers are probably going to be getting these vaccines right away but I really think they're gonna be fine they are totally gonna be we don't know that you take what I could not be true but here's the thing if you have the opportunity to take one do not pass it by right in the hopes of getting the other because that might take a enough time for you to actually catch mm-hmm COVID which yep by all accounts is worse than anything that has occurred from the vaccine we have access to what we have the one worth taking yep in this scenario all right I was asking if I'm doing a compost toilet no because they don't compost they think that no they I don't know if they stink their diverters so they separate the one from the two which is how you get the sewage smell I went a different route for an emergency toilet not as a standalone I did a dry system which is basically like a mylar bag that it's basically a diaper genie Levio because I don't want to really rely on it I want to be in a situation where I don't have to use it but in emergency I want it to be an option but yeah yeah would you park it like campgrounds and stuff is that what you're thinking no I probably can't well I can't camp at RV parks because you have to be within a certain number of years of an RV and have all these standards that converted bus vehicle thing you can't do but yeah I can go on to campground yeah public land BML and that sort of things actually in the city of Davis you're allowed to stay in your RV six out of seven days but you can't stay seven days as of the week so interesting so I actually need to make a second bus RV so I stay three four day five days whatever and one and then switch to the other because they want apparently the city of Davis is trying to incentivize having more RVs on city streets by making this odd thing where you can't stay seven days a week so I'm gonna have to get another one after this one immediately in order to if you just camp for that seventh day like just the idea is not in the RV I'm in the tent right the idea is it will have enough it'll have enough solar to infinite empower anything I need to do right but water wise we're looking at 70 gallons of water which will mostly be for cleaning showering and dishwashing which at 70 should be 30 no not 30 at 70 it would be about about eight to eight to nine days of showering and dishwashing somewhere in that range so it'll have probably a 10 day away from water sources survivability nice Justin you should just be a camp host yeah I should be compost thank you no I am a camp host camp host it means that you pull your bus up to a camp site and you have to like sell people fire wood and stuff but otherwise you basically just live there for like months at a time you have access to all the hookups and a shower and bathroom and sometimes there's Wi-Fi you have to talk to people though yeah you talk oh well that's that's the fine part I was just trying to figure out so I would love it I would like I could live underneath the stars and the high sears of the low deserts or the coastals or the waivers I like being slightly outside of the reach of most of society I'm like fine with that yeah I think I know mostly though this yeah the whole idea of this the origin story behind this was I tried to buy a church I was gonna buy a church but the problem was to buy this old church in this tiny small rural town you couldn't live there because the church didn't have all the facilities to consider be considered housing so but you could add them to it you could add like the kitchen and you know the shower in the bath you could add those and then make it habitable but I couldn't at the time I was like how am I gonna afford the rent I'm paying plus the mortgage on the property plus all the cost of doing the rebuild that's too much and I found out kind of late into the process actually you can you can part if you own the property you can park a habitable vehicle like an RV or a trailer or something like this mobile home type of a thing you can park that on the property while you're doing rebuilding which would eliminate the rent aspect of it so that's just the mortgage in the the bill that costs okay that's doable then I looked at the cost of RVs good good good wow though that's more than the property how is that possible like that's crazy expensive okay so I got to look at an old RV how do you fix an old RV well a lot of times they have problems with the fiberglass and how do you do that how do you fix old broken fire glass and all these other systems so then I went down that like a YouTube rabbit hole of that and it came up schooly converting school buses these are things made out of metal I don't know anything about working with fiberglass I know how to patch a hole in metal I can do a little welding and I definitely can bolt stuff together that seems like totally sensible and absolutely cheap I bought a school bus for 900 bucks it's a 25 foot six window short bus it's a long this version of long short bus yeah the longest version 25 foot 900 bucks and everything runs and everything is easy to work on yeah no leaks well there was a leak in the roof over back where the air conditioner had been converted also by the way whoever was going to the Bakersfield school district between the years of 1994 and 2018 and lost a D&D figurine you have it I found it your hero seemed better days but it definitely got wedged in a really oddly like freak accident location on the bus that it was even preserved there but uh missing an arm sorry but what kind of character was it could you tell some sort of like barred orc type thing I'm not really barred orc yeah okay oh maybe a half orc I mean it's an orc with a harp singing orc songs you know how orcs have a proclivity for music and they much more so than you would expect unless you listen to airs blannable animal corner which by the way is racist animal ring orcs on the animal corner and not half links because they definitely deserve but but yeah so by the time I got this all figured out and had this the school bus to to turn into a house car to turn into a recreational vehicle the property initially was doing all this for had long sold and so it and then covid happened so I ended up staying four or five months out of the last since ever all this began on this this bus as I was renovating it out and then on a farm in the middle of the central valley gorgeous the away from the noise the light pollution at the city yeah there are so many stars that you can see with out of telescope it is phenomenal you don't have to go that far from a city or players got like city light pollution and fog she doesn't even know they're what stars look like she looks up at the sky and it's just gray because of all the fog yeah it's not that there is never actually seen star what are stars why she's always so confused when we start having space stories what are even our stars anyway what is space is it what I'm confused I hear this story about a day star I don't even get to see that but yeah so anyway I'm the plan is at some point to buy a little piece of land to park the bus on to either renovate or build a house or a homestead or a science island or or or use it for a weekend warrior type outings cool it's gonna be great do they have among us out there he doesn't even have internet out there um when uh when covid's over you could definitely run that thing as an airbnb yeah I've seen I've seen less I've seen much less uh being rented out that's absolutely true people rent anything oh good carol an's getting getting people to not install street lights or if you do if they do want to make sure that they've got especially lights that aren't pointing allowing a lot of light pollution to go up yeah so carol what I would recommend to your neighbors is a sort of intermediary airbnb airbnb bus what being bus uh carol what I would recommend to your neighbors is like invite them to install as much reflective tape and reflective signage as they like you know it's one thing that's interesting about most vehicles they pretty much all come with headlights mm-hmm yep so and if you're not worried about safety and you have reflective signage all over the place nobody will be confused about where the road is yeah uh if that's the yeah yeah that's an idea well even if you have the lights that point down that don't mess with seeing stars it still causes problems with wildlife yeah with uh insects with uh moths but also bats it messes with everything coyotes raccoons it messes everybody up that's not good all the uh nocturnals are not a fan mm-hmm on some of the diurnals wake up and they're like is it daytime i'm confused can we be a gaming channel now that we gamed once yeah yeah hot rod uh so composting toilets are very expensive and yes you could get away with a bucket and peat moss with some sawdust and and almost have the exact same effect it doesn't actually compost there's not enough time for the composting to take place while it's on your bus that's a much longer process it needs to take care that take place after fact most people end up flushing from their compost toilets if they're on the road so it's kind of pointless there too plus they take electricity plus that that that's good uh i didn't want to do a black water tank just because i don't think that the bus would have necessarily access to rv parks to begin with which is where you can usually unload those things so i'm with a dry thing diaper genie you take it to the dump and you drop it off with the rest of the trash it'll compost in a thousand years it'll be fine a thousand years of compost i mean you also like the whole idea of needing water to like to make poop soup is like silly it's it's all silly you don't need it no what a waste what are you talking about oh we're pros now that's moving into water it's just weird like why do we do that plop yeah it is the sound it makes i don't know i think it's like sound people don't want to smell it it's it's for smell and also is it for smell making it go down the pipes okay it's it's also here's the thing because this is the thing like there was a water filtration vacuum cleaner for many years that the thing was called the rainbow that people were buying because water filtration and if you've ever tuted in the bathtub you know that water filtration is a myth yeah that's pretty fair it doesn't it doesn't do anything to filter scent it it does work a little bit as a plug i mean if you've ever had um the you of your of your plumbing get off kilter and things come back up the scent from your pipes come back up yeah hot rod is saying compost don't use electricity uh you know all of the ones they do have an exhaust fan to remove moisture yeah well that's the electricity i was talking about they have an exhaust fan it has something has to run that there was a comment a long time ago about things warming up and record month in norway keralans said and i saw a story today a couple it was a couple of places about it's getting so warm the places that are normally frozen over and lakes and rivers that are normally frozen over that people could consider safe for fishing or ice skating or walking on are no longer safe and one of the casualties the collateral damage of a warming world is that people are falling through the ice and drowning more often so if you're in a cold place and you're used to going out on the ice just be extra careful forever now that's scary yeah i mean it's not i yeah the fact that it's enough now that it's like we're writing articles about this yeah i mean okay just to be just to be completely transparent a p trap thank you the marked yes the people who have been walking on the ice thinking like i was fine and normal probably should have fallen through a long time ago i mean you should like that's like a real west coast attitude this is the attitude of somebody who has no clue what frozen water is like no no no no okay okay hold up hold up the the pond out front Fredericksborg slot in Fredericksborg Denmark froze over actually the parts of the not the north sea it's more the east sea it's not catagot exactly that froze over but but the the little pond moat lake in front of Fredericksborg castle froze over so i walked out onto it and it was fine until when i was walking back near shore the near shore part i got to got was getting thinner and thinner and the ice was starting to crack underneath my shoes and i realized it's just getting thinner the closer i get to shore so the closer i am to safety the more danger i'm actually in because the ice is thinnest near the shoreline how am i getting off this this iceberg and then the other one was uh yeah no i just ran for it i went i kind of went backtracked a little to where the thicker i seem to be and then i ran for it got onto it somehow the last foot or two i got wet but uh in greenland i'll never forget first of all i noticed it was one o'clock in the morning uh rest of the planet time 24 hours sun greenland doesn't care and out there on the shoreline what had been a frozen bay of of sea like salt sea that was frozen had a couple of days of rain everything had broken up in these little icebergs everything was floating one two o'clock in the morning the village children of kanak kind of were out there hopping no thanks far out they could get on these little ice pads what starting at the shore i'm talking about seven to 14 year olds jumping from little ice floaty thing the ice floaty thing to see how far out they could go what and the adults watching from the shore like nice jump well good balance way to not fall into the freezing ice water of the bay oh my gosh as a parent of children who aren't allowed to tie their shoes lest they get a string burn i'm like amazed not only that the children are being allowed to do this but that they're all doing really well they're doing fine they were just doing amazing jobs at navigating that's amazing all right i don't think i would i don't think i would uh be a good norwegian parent danish parent nope greenlandic uh greenlandic parent anyway yeah you have to be an inuit parent in this particular okay yeah no definitely not uh but yes the inuits uh live and die by the ice so yeah there's different assessment or friskin erotic culture is good that's fascinating what a nice i mean to flip the script a little bit i think most inuits would freak out watching uh an american child cross an intersection on their way to school oh my god you know what i mean like there's so many cars those are driven by humans that's unpredictable it's not like the ice in which you can rely on the buoyancy and the size of the they know ice like we know traffic navigation yeah that's fair it's just different different uh up praying all right it's 11 30 yeah it's time for me it's time to to call it identity four has to be at work at what scrolling backwards scrolling 6 30 a.m that's early that's all right i guess it's that time uh say good night blare just a runner dog good night blare say good night justin good night justin good night kiki good night everyone i look forward to seeing you all back again next week for the first of another century hundo hundred episodes of this weekend science so much more yet to come so much more yet to come thank you so much for being here tonight it was super fun and i hope you have a wonderful week take care everyone stay healthy