 Let's look at some of the factors that are associated with classical conditioning. So contingency, the contingency between the CS and the US. This is really what is important. So what we're talking about here is predictability. And again, you'll recall there were some experiments that explained this and show how this actually happens. But the idea is that the more that conditioned stimulus predicts the unconditioned stimulus, the more powerful the conditioning is going to be. If the prediction wanes a little bit, if it gets smaller, then the CS is not going to be as likely to produce a CR. But as long as that prediction is really high, then the CS is definitely going to produce a CR. Trace conditioning is a procedure that works really well. So what we want to do here is present the CS and then turn it and then take it away for just a moment. And then the US comes on. So CS on, CS off, US on, US off. Notice a little gap in between those, right? So it doesn't have to be very long, a second or two. That's just generally the most effective procedure. There's all sorts of other types of classical conditioning procedures. There's backward conditioning, which doesn't work hardly at all. But there's delay conditioning and there's short delay, long delay, and all this stuff. We don't need to worry about that right now because it's for different cores. But the idea is that that trace conditioning procedure works the best. Present the CS, take it away, and then just a moment later, right? Then present that US. Think about the flower shop, right? You see the sign, okay? You're walking into the building, you see the sign, you see the sign, you see the sign. Then you don't see the sign because you're walking through the building. You get inside and then you get the flowers and you start to sneeze, right? So there's the CS, okay, which is the sign, and then it goes away because you can't see it anymore once you walk into the building. And then the US is the actual flowers, you see those, right? And then you smell them and then you start to sneeze. So that's a good trace conditioning procedure. And if we go through the atmosphere example, I see the sign atmosphere. That's actually the sign, by the way. That really is the wall, and behind that wall is the restaurant. So when you see that sign, then you're gonna go through your security check, and then you're gonna go inside the compound, and then you eventually order your dinner. So there's a bit of a delay there, sorry, a trace there. There's quite a gap between the time you see that sign and the time you eat your food. So it does work, and like I said, it did make me hungry just looking at it a moment ago, okay? No experience with the CS is something else that's important. The more experience you have with a condition stimulus, okay? Before you ever start to connect it to the unconditioned stimulus, then what we're really gonna say here is that it's gonna have less predictability. So if I've been exposed to, let's say, keys, I'm gonna make a sound of keys here, so don't freak out, okay? So I'm playing with my keys, okay? We've all heard that sound a million times, right? So the idea is that if I then take this sound and try to pair it with food, it's gonna take a lot longer to develop conditioning to that sound. Then what it would, if I made, let's see some other sound, let's come up with some other sound that I could do that we might not be familiar with. Here's a good one. If anybody can even figure out what that is, I'll be surprised, all right? But the idea is that that condition stimulus, which this sound could be, you'll do it again. Because you don't have much experience with that, I could pair that with food, and quite readily, you would develop conditioning to that. And by the way, that's a plastic fork being smacked on my desk. Now I could do it with a timer, I'm not gonna mess around with it. I get distracted and start playing, all right? So the less experience you have with a condition stimulus, before you start the training, before you start that respondent procedure, the more likely it is that you're gonna develop conditioning. And again, this is all just because of that contingency, right? Because of the predictability. If you have had that experience before, then it already does not predict the unconditional stimulus, all right? Higher order conditioning, this is kind of fun. So we can take a CS, all right? And then, oh, I think I've got an example of this, all right? So here we go. So we're gonna take a, no, the thing came up in the wrong order. We've got CS1, so we've got the florist, right? And you've got this nice car associated with that. So the CS1, we've already developed that, right? So remember that was paired with the flower. So we're now gonna pair the car with the florist sign, all right? And eventually, the car will produce the sneezing, all right? I know it's a cheesy example, but the idea is that that's that higher order. So we had the flower originally, flower being paired with the florist sign, then yielded sneezing, and now what we're gonna do is pair something else with that florist sign, and that will also yield that new stimulus, that other neutral stimulus will also yield sneezing, all right? We still get extinction, we still get spontaneous recovery. With this, however, we don't get that extinction burst, right? But it's still the same thing. How do you do extinction with this stuff? Think about it for just a moment before I fill in the gap. But the idea is pretty straightforward. We're gonna present the CS, and then we're not going to follow it with the US. In other words, we're gonna present the CS over and over and over and over and over and over again. As we continue to present that CS, we're ruining the predictability between the CS and the US. In other words, we're extinguishing that connection between the CS and the US. Spontaneous recovery happens here as well, right? Same type of thing, wherever, once in a while, after a given break, sometimes that response will come back. So I could continually sit here and present to you the florist sign, all right? And as I present that florist sign to you over and over and over again, eventually you won't sneeze in the presence of it. But then maybe a week later, you come and you go driving down the road and you see another florist sign and you start sneezing, right? That's spontaneous recovery. And again, as if you continue down the extinction process with each spontaneous recovery, go through the extinction procedure, it gets quicker and quicker and quicker, okay? But it's something to expect, it's gonna happen. And there's a lot more to it than this. And...