 I'm called on. Our cabinet secretary in question. We will now move on to the next item of business, and the next item in business is a statement by Jenny Gregoruth on international development, Covid-19 support, partner countries and humanitarian responses. The minister will take questions at the end of her statement until there should be no interventions or interruptions. Minister Jenny Gregoruth, I'll call on you up to ten minutes. As we have just heard from the First Minister, the Covid pandemic is far from over, but the challenges that the virus continues to present for wealthy countries like Scotland can in no way compare to those that the virus continues to present to some of the poorest countries in the world. It is, therefore, incumbent on wealthy nations like ours to work together to ensure that those with the least are not failed by those with the most. As the UN Secretary General Antonio Guerra is noted in March of last year, this is above all a human crisis that calls for solidarity. Covid-19 has tested humanity, whether in Blantyre, Malawi or Blantyre in Scotland, the pandemic forced the Government globally to act swiftly in order to save lives. Our international development partner countries, Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and Pakistan, each have a different starting point on their recovery journey from the pandemic. To ensure that we do no harm and, in fact, contribute impactfully, we must therefore listen to the needs of those in the global south and act on their ambitions for recovery. On behalf of the Scottish Government, I want to reiterate that we remain fully committed to playing our part in tackling shared global challenges and to international solidarity. Our international development offer was first introduced under the previous Labour Liberal Government and, indeed, it has always enjoyed cross-parliamentary support since that time. That legacy is a really important one, as we build on and develop Scotland's offer further. I very much look forward to working with Opposition members on how we do just that. In September last year, the programme for government committed to carry out a review of our approach to international development in light of the Covid-19 pandemic. That review focused on our work on areas where we can make the biggest difference in our partner countries against that new reality of Covid-19. I announced the results of that review to Parliament in March of this year, and today I want to give a further update to Parliament focused on the Scottish Government's response to Covid-19 in our partner countries. Since the start of the pandemic, we have committed £3.5 million from the international development budget to provide overseas assistance on support for Covid-19. Most of our international development-funded projects were able to continue throughout the pandemic, delivering vital work on the ground. At the very start of the pandemic, we sought to support existing partner organisations where that was possible. That allowed for projects to pivot their funds and adjust their programmes accordingly. For example, the Maldent project, which runs in conjunction with Glasgow University, was able to pivot £20,000 to support the purchase of tablets and data bundles for remote teaching at the Malawi Camuzu University of Health Sciences. That teaching for trainee dentists was absolutely essential for a country of 19 million people, which is less than 50 qualified dentists nationally. Perhaps one of the most important decisions that we took last year was to devote a fifth of the international development budget to one particular initiative. In November of last year, following discussions with our partner countries, we partnered with UNICEF to support the Covid-19 response by providing £2 million split equally across Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia. At our request, UNICEF targeted some of the funding to vaccine preparedness, helping to prepare health systems for distribution. Listening to the voices of the people who live in our partner countries was absolutely vital to ensuring that we got our Covid response right. One of the key drivers of last year's review was the need to hear directly from those who live in our partner countries. The review therefore committed to establishing a global south panel that will directly advise and challenge government on our international development offer. I am pleased to announce today that the first two members of the panel that I will be appointing are UN Women Malawi's country director Clara Anandwe and Professor Emanuel Macasa of the University of Zambia. When speaking with representatives of our partner countries directly, it became really clear that the particular challenges that they faced included lack of oxygen supply, energy infrastructure to support health centres and also on the delivery of education. However, the way that we have experienced Covid in Scotland is not the same as our partner countries, so we had to ensure that our offer met their needs. In March of this year, I announced a further and a final chance of international development funding for the 2020-21 financial period, which was over £500,000 to support vaccine rollout, online learning and also research to improve resilience on Covid. That funding provided support to Tambo hospital in Zambia to install an oxygen plant facility and an off-grid solar energy system to ensure reliable access to electricity. It also funded Camusoo University of Health Sciences to implement genomic sequencing capacity work in Malawi, which is going to help identify new variants of the virus and also improve disease resilience. It is also funding further support to the British Council, to our existing Pakistan women and girls scholarship scheme to provide laptops ensuring IT resilience to enable online learning and also funding for kids OR for a surgical scholarship and a clinical officer training post in Rwanda, and finally the community energy in Malawi partnership to install back up solar panel systems at health centres in Malawi. The latest Covid funding to our long-term renewable energy partners in Malawi, SEM and Strathclyde University, is targeted towards health facilities, but we have already seen the positive impact of the additional funding that is realised in energy systems. Energy systems were designed by community energy in Malawi to address specific and wider needs at each hospital, including a clinic, which is also an HIV treatment centre and a TB isolation unit. The benefits of the back up solar power systems installed in response to Covid are therefore wide reaching and will have long lasting benefits for the people of Malawi. Most recently, in this financial year, we announced further support to our partner countries, including £270,000, which has been allocated to kids OR, to send 300 oxygen concentrators to Malawi, Zambia and Rwanda, funding to transport 40 NHS Scotland ventilators valued at £750,000 to those countries and £250,000 to leverage the provision to our partner countries of £11.2 million worth of PPE, which is our single biggest ever donation to aid the Covid response. Today, I want to confirm to Parliament that I am committing to a further £1.5 million this financial year to specifically target initiatives responding to Covid in Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia. Our Covid investments, which total £5 million to date, have also leveraged additional support worth at least £13 million, meaning that by the end of this year, the Scottish Government's contribution to overseas support, specifically on Covid-19, will be worth in excess of £18 million. I am very proud that we made the political choice to do so. In addition to the outlined support for our partner countries last year, £240,000 of support from our separate humanitarian emergency fund went towards Covid-19 response efforts for vulnerable communities in countries such as Syria, Yemen, Somalia, South Sudan, Afghanistan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. As the global pandemic continues, now is not the time to turn our back on the global south. It was a deplorable decision that the United Kingdom Government took during the worst successes of the pandemic last year to cut international development spending. Whilst the recent shift that was indicated by Rishi Sunak to restore the 0.7 per cent ODA commitment is welcome, it will not yet be realised until at least 2024 or 2025. We also know that certain spend will be newly badged as ODA, further reducing spend to those who need it most. This simply is not good enough. According to the FCDO, Malawi will see a 51.5 per cent reduction in UK aid spend for Zambia. It will be 59 per cent for Rwanda, 42 per cent and for Pakistan, 39 per cent. Earlier this year, the UK Government announced an 85 per cent cut to the United Nations Population Fund, which provides reproductive health programmes globally. That will have really devastating impacts for women and girls. Indeed, as McDonnell McQuacka, the Executive Director of the Family Planning Association of Malawi, has noted, Malawi has already witnessed a sharp increase in teenage pregnancies and child marriages during the Covid-19 pandemic. If the UK continues with its decision to reduce its resources that equip basic health infrastructure for women and girls to access family planning, more girls and women will die of unsafe abortions. We know that the pandemic has been gendered in its impacts, and yet the UK Government has taken a political choice that harms women in developing countries, at a time when they need our help most. However, it is also clear that the pandemic has been used as a political opportunity to slash funding for the world's poorest. If the Prime Minister is serious about global Britain, he needs to start taking Britain's global responsibility seriously. He could start by ensuring that commitment to overseas aid was immediately reinstated at 0.7 per cent. The women of girls and girls of Malawi cannot wait until 2025. I was very pleased to meet the Vice President and the Foreign Minister of Malawi and the Vice President of Zambia during COP. The need for equitable access to vaccines was high on both countries' agendas. Indeed, according to the World Health Organization, Africa has fully vaccinated 77 million people, just 6 per cent of its population. Recently, the President of Zambia highlighted that only 3 per cent of Zambia's population has so far been vaccinated. It is therefore absolutely vital that we create the conditions for equitable access to Covid-19 vaccines. We also have an opportunity in Scotland to share our knowledge and support our partner countries with their vaccination programme. While Scotland is not a member of the covax scheme, we will continue to engage with the UK Government on this matter. Listening to our partner countries is also really key in terms of the climate emergency, and members will also be aware that during COP26 the Scottish Government announced a groundbreaking commitment to loss and damage. We also plan separately to treble the climate justice fund to £36 million over the course of this Parliament. As I conclude, COP26 remains fresh in our minds and so does the need for international solidarity. When I asked the minister of foreign affairs how the Scottish Government can support Malawi in its recovery, he told me that we must ensure that we build back stronger in a way that is sustainable. When I reflect on what has been achieved in this past month, it is clear that the need for internationalism has never been more important. The world united at COP26 now, we must unite on a truly global response to Covid-19. The minister will now take questions on the issues raised in her statement. I intend to allow 20 minutes for questions after which time we will move on to the next item of business. It would be helpful if members who wish to ask a question were to press the request to speak buttons now. I thank the minister for prior sight of her statement and the support that she has outlined. As she acknowledges, there has always been strong cross-party support for the international aid efforts of successive Scottish Governments. Those benches will certainly participate in any work that she undertakes with Opposition members when developing that. The minister comments on the UK Government's approach to international aid. Can I also welcome the Chancellor's recent commitment to restore the 0.7 per cent OGA figure and the firm date given for that? The Scottish Conservatives have been calling for that to happen for some time, and we are pleased that that has been acknowledged and acted upon. Much of Scottish Government support has been directed to international vaccine roll-out and rightly so in light of the pandemic. How many doses have been delivered to date? Further, how many doses does the Scottish Government anticipate will be delivered as a result of the new funding announced today? More generally, Scotland has strong and pre-existing ties with a number of partner countries and programmes that rightly continue to benefit, but when it comes to other parts of the world, such as Central and Southern America or the Indo-Pacific region, there is less of a Scottish Government presence. What factors play a part in deciding where Scottish Government aid funding is directed? There are a number of different points that I will try to respond to in my answer to him. On his first point, he mentioned the importance of cross-party working in this chamber on international development. I think that that is really well established here, and I hope that we will hear more helpful suggestions from other members throughout the course of this afternoon's session. On the Rishi Sunak announcement, I appreciate and I know that Mr Cameron supported that very strongly. I recall from the debate on Afghanistan that he raised that point. What I would say to him, though, is that there is still a gap that has been created because the UK Government is not moving quickly enough on that. Recently, we know that, because of the aid cuts, the independent commission for aid impact has said that, just last month, the ability of the UK aid programme to respond flexibly to the evolving pandemic has been reduced. Because of that, I think that it was £3.5 billion has been cut as a result of those aid cuts, the UK Government cannot respond quickly and swiftly to the pandemic. I think that that is deeply regrettable, and I encourage Mr Cameron and his colleagues to call upon their colleagues in the UK Government to move more quickly on that. On the distribution of vaccines to poorer countries, I think that it was welcome that the UK Government—and I say that we are not a member of the covax scheme itself, but the UK Government is a pleasure to send poorer nations. I think that it was 100 million doses to poorer nations, but we know that it has so far delivered around about 9.6 million vaccinations, or fewer than 10 per cent. It is not just, of course, the UK Government, who is struggling in that regard. Canada has delivered 3.2 million, which is about 8 per cent, and the United States has delivered, of course, the most at nearly £177 million. However, that is still less than a fifth of the £1.1 billion that was originally promised. The issue with the slowness of the roll-out of the vaccination programme in our partner countries is, as Oxfam has commented, the only way to end the pandemic is to share the technology and the know-how with other qualified manufacturers so that everyone everywhere can have access to those life-saving vaccines. On the point that Mr Cameron made with regard to the Indo-Pacific area, Scotland has, as he will know, a historic relationship with Malawi, and our support has been focused on the partner countries that I have spoken about today. We have Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia, and we have a pretty bespoke offer in Pakistan, which is focused on girls' scholarships. I would like us to have a much wider offer. Maybe when we are an independent country again, we might just have that. I thank the minister for her advance notice of the statement and also welcome her offer of cross-party work both in the chamber and through our cross-party groups. She is right to acknowledge the importance of practical support for our international development partner countries to come through and rebuild from the pandemic and to address the challenges of our climate emergency. I ask her about the follow-up work to the vaccine-preparedness work and support on oxygen supply, energy infrastructure and education. Can she say to date how many vaccines Scotland has donated to our partner countries, Malawi, Rwanda, Zambia and Pakistan? As the minister said, COP26 is still in our minds, so we need to deliver climate justice. Can she say what the Government's detailed commitment to loss and damage investment following COP26 is? How much funding will be allocated? How and when will it be delivered to invest in the adaptation and mitigation that is urgently needed now in our partner countries? I thank Sarah Boyack for that question and again for that recognition about the importance of cross-party working. In terms of the Scottish Government's direct support to our partner countries, it has been focused, as I mentioned in my statement, on PPE and not on vaccines per se, because we are not part of the covax scheme and therefore it is very difficult for us to be in our partner countries because we do not have a delivery model in operation on the ground. However, today we have delivered, as I mentioned, the £2 million fund that was decided upon last year, and I have given a bit more detail about the Covid efforts that include vaccine-preparedness, so the focus of getting the health systems in our partner countries ready for vaccine roll-out was really what last year and last financial year's rather spend was about. In July, though, we did provide a further £270,000 to supply 300 oxygen concentrators to our partner countries. That was an issue that was repeatedly raised with me in a number of the implementation events that we held with partner countries. In August, we also announced funding to transport 40 NHS ventilators to our partner countries. They are valued at £750,000. In September of this year, we announced £11 million worth of PPE, which is our largest contribution to date, as I mentioned earlier. That work is focused on PPE and preparedness in our partner countries, as opposed to on the vaccine roll-out itself, because we are not, as I mentioned, a member of the co-vaccine, but we are continuing to work with health colleagues. We are also looking at what we might do to help to support vaccines on the ground. We have, as I mentioned in this speech, £1 million from the IDF, which is as yet unallocated. I am keen that we use that funding to try to get it to those who need it most, which is hugely important. I think that Ms Boyack also touched upon the climate justice fund, which, of course, was recently trebled during COP26. There was also commitment from the Scottish Government about climate loss and climate justice. I will advise the member that that fund specifically sits with another minister, not with me, but I can certainly provide her with more information from Ms McAllen, who has responsibility for the climate justice fund. Thank you. Before I call the next questioner, could I just perhaps ask slightly more succinct questions and answers that we have moved on from the front benchers? I am pleased to see the continued commitment by the Scottish Government to its international obligations. Of significant importance is the commitment to supporting women. It is an unfortunate truth that, around the world, women and girls are often disproportionately affected during a crisis. How is the Scottish Government ensuring that the principles of women as a sex class are given equal treatment and that this treatment is embedded in its approach to international development during and after the pandemic? It is really important, as Michelle Thompson has done, to acknowledge the gendered impact of Covid-19. That has been illustrated as we know by an upsurge in violence against women and girls across the world and also in increasing inequalities. During the review of last year, I met with and I listened to, as I mentioned, our global south partners, which included a range of voices from civil society. We listened to some of the impacts that have been felt in our partner countries. Gender was continuously highlighted by representatives from civil society. The findings of UN Women that Covid-19 is deepening the pre-existing inequalities and exposing vulnerabilities in social, political and economic systems was also quite damning. However, that is recognised in our new international development principles that were shared last year. That is why, following the discussions from the review last year that I announced in March, we will introduce a new cross-cutting equalities programme across all four of our partner countries, with a particular focus on supporting the promotion and equality and empowerment of women and girls. Last month, the First Minister told the chamber that our Government is absolutely focused on providing critical help for the people of Afghanistan, with £250,000 being made available from the humanitarian emergency fund. That is a welcome investment, but according to a recent written question that I submitted, not a single penny has been spent. While I am aware of the difficulties of operating in Afghanistan, the situation is critical. What work has been done to try to get the £250,000 to Afghanistan? Why are the Scottish Government's partners unable to get funding to those who need it most? Finally, if the funding is not delivered now, when will it be? I thank Sharon Dowie for that question. Sharon Dowie may be aware that there were a number of difficulties getting funding into Afghanistan safely. That has been the major hold-up with this work. The humanitarian emergency fund is independent of the Scottish Government, but I want to give Ms Dowie an assurance that there will be a decision on this matter later in the week. I will make sure that her office is cited on that prior to being released to the public. John Mason, to be followed by Fosal Chowdry. Thank you very much. I welcome the statement, especially the announcement of the extra £1.5 million. Can I ask then, will third sector organisations be involved in this work going forward? In terms of the humanitarian emergency fund, as I mentioned to Sharon Dowie, the HEF panels comprise of representatives from eight leading humanitarian aid organisations in Scotland. Those panel members who are INGOs are then allocated funding from our humanitarian emergency fund. In terms of the international development fund itself, we have provided funding via a number of third sector organisations to partner with our partner countries on their Covid-19 responses. For example, we provided around £235,000 to First Aid Africa with additional funding to install an oxygen plant that is capable of producing up to 8,000 litres of oxygen every hour. That plant is not only about providing oxygen to the hospital itself, but also in terms of the provision of health facilities. The funding is also going to support the installation of off-grid solar systems and at least five health centres that are in Zabia. I call Faisal Choudhury to be followed by Fiona Hyslop. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I thank the minister for her statement. She will know that many nations in Africa are still way behind in vaccination with some only having vaccinated 5 per cent of their population. Access remains a barrier and proving great difficulty to speed up vaccinations. Can I ask the Scottish Government how much of Scotland vaccine supply has already been delivered to Malawi and what are the future plans to bolster supplies? I thank Faisal Choudhury for that question. He is right to say that there is an issue internationally at the moment in terms of the provision of the vaccine to poorer countries. Judging by the current rates of vaccination at the current speeds that we are going, we will need to see an increase of around 6 billion doses by the end of this year. The vaccination speed is really important. We know that in Scotland, in terms of the roll-out of the booster programme, more than 80 per cent of the doses so far administered have gone to people in high-income countries, and only 1 per cent of people in low-income countries have been given at least one dose, so there are clearly still huge challenges in terms of vaccine equity. With regard to the Scottish Government and the provision of vaccines, I think that I responded to Ms Boyack on that, but our provision of support thus far in terms of Covid-19 support has been in the form of PPE. We are looking at other ways in which we might be able to deliver assistance in terms of the vaccine roll-out itself. It is quite challenging because we are not a member of the covax scheme. However, the UK Government is. I have written to the UK Government on this on a number of occasions now, most recently to the new minister, who is, I think, Vicky Ford, who was appointed in September. I am yet to hear back from her, but I am very much looking forward to working with the UK Government on this, because I think that it is hugely important that Scotland's voice is heard in this, and equally the voice of our partner countries is reflected in the allocation of vaccine to poorer countries. I am aware that the Scottish Government is in discussion with vaccine producer Valneva in West Lothian about the business and export opportunities and that Valneva has recently secured a £60 million dose order from the EU pending vaccine authorisations from the EMA. Importantly, since the Valneva vaccine can be transported and stored at room temperature, could the discussions between Valneva and the Scottish Government lead to persuading the UK Government to use the Valneva product once all medical approvals are in place to increase its vaccine export to countries needing humanitarian support to meet the global responsibility under covax as the UK is behind other countries in exporting vaccines, as pointed out by the WHO? I thank Fiona Hyslop for that important question, and I recognise her understandable constituency interests on this. We very much welcome the positive results that Valneva has reported from the stage 3 clinical trials of its Covid-19 vaccine and the news that Valneva has secured a substantial order from Europe. As part of our wider work looking at future delivery of all vaccination programmes in Scotland, we are keen to continue to engage with Valneva on vaccine development. At the present time, all Covid vaccines are procured on a four-nation basis by the UK Vaccines Task Force. We would welcome activity that would support donation of those vaccines to lower-income countries. As I mentioned in my response to another member, I had hoped to discuss the matter with the UK Government minister with responsibility. I am yet to hear back from the current minister, but I very much hope to do so soon, and when I do meet her, I will raise this issue with her directly. The minister is right to acknowledge the cross-partner support in this, and, like John Mason, I welcome the announcement of the further £1.5 million of support. I appreciate that Covid is required speedy action. However, will the minister commit to ensuring that those helping to deliver projects in partner countries have early sight of the future funding and objectives, access to proper application processes and independent assessment and scoring of bids, so that we have the transparency that is the best means of ensuring that funds that are allocated are put to the best possible use? I thank Liam McArthur for that question in terms of transparency. I think that the way that we administer this is being quite clear, but I am happy to share more information with him. He raised an issue about the application process for funding. If there is a specific issue in terms of an organisation that he might be aware of, please raise that with me. I am happy to speak to officials about it and get him more information. He is absolutely correct that transparency is vital in international development. Sometimes there is a challenge on that matter in the Parliament and in a devolved Government space. We are not an independent country yet, much as it might pain me. Therefore, some of our dealings with our international development partners in the partner countries do not have people on the ground, so it is quite difficult and challenging in that respect. However, we have good partnership working with as well as DFID and the SCDO. If Mr McArthur has an issue that he would like to raise with me, specifically on governance or on applications, I am happy to look into that in more detail. Maggie Chapman, to be followed by Audrey Nicholl. Can I thank the minister for advance sight of her statement? I am pleased to hear of the progress of the Global South panel and look forward to hearing about its work in the coming months. I also note the comments on loss and damage and climate justice, and I too would be interested in the written response that Sarah Boyack will receive. As the minister has outlined, the Global South has experienced the pandemic in very different ways to us here in Scotland, with inequalities being exacerbated by the lack of health and other infrastructure. Can I ask if we can consider supporting a permanent vaccine roll-out system in our partner countries and elsewhere, not just for Covid vaccinations? Such a system would allow vaccination against other diseases in non-pandemic times, but it would be there ready and waiting, and thus a vital part of preparedness for when future pandemics hit. Such a system would also be transformative, especially given the potential advances in mRNA vaccines that offer to help tackle a whole variety of diseases that are not currently susceptible to previous vaccine technology. I thank Maggie Chapman for that question and welcome her comments about the importance of the Global South panel. I think that it was hugely important throughout the review that we were hearing from people in our partner countries, and I am bluntly not from people in Scotland about the issues that they were facing in terms of the Covid pandemic. I will share with her further information regarding the climate justice fund that she alluded to. She mentioned in her question the potential permanent roll-out of a vaccine approach in our partner countries. On that matter, I am happy to meet with her and discuss that in more detail. It has not been something that we have been considering at this moment in time, but I am not ruling it out. I think that it sounds that it might be a positive way forward, but equally, we probably need to speak to our partner countries about their needs on the ground. One of the things that I referenced in my statement was that what we thought our partner countries needed this time last year was not what they were looking for at all. Things such as oxygen containers and the use of PPE, practical help, were really required on the ground. Let me take that away and meet with Maggie Chapman in more detail and speak, of course, to the Global South Parallon how we take that forward. Picking up on the question that was asked by Faisal Shoudry, throughout the pandemic, there has been commentary on the unevenness in the way that some developed countries and regions have procured stocks of vaccines, PPE, ventilators and other vital supplies. What assurance can the Scottish Government give that Scotland will play its part in ensuring equity of procurement of vital supplies for developing countries while ensuring that our own population remains protected? I think that Audrey Nicholl raises a really important point. We know that access, as I mentioned previously, to PPE supply chains is really important in our partner countries. If they are to build back fairer and stronger, particularly from the pandemic, as I mentioned earlier, we have provided large quantities of PPE, but we have also looked at ventilators and oxygen equipment and delivered those to our partner countries. All that PPE and the ventilators that were provided are no longer required in Scotland and therefore had already been paid for their surplus. It is all only right that we assist our partners in Malawi and in our other partner countries in that regard. I want to give a reassurance for our own population that we have adequate stocks, of course, and supply chains in Scotland at this moment in time with regard to meeting our PPE demands. As I mentioned earlier, we have made a large donation of PPE to our three partner countries and those countries need those stocks now to keep their healthcare workers safe. We are stepping up to help. A total of 25.7 million items have been shared in terms of PPE that has been shipped internationally with a total value that I mentioned earlier before of £11.2 million. Those will go to front-line services in our three partner countries and directly help in their fight against Covid-19. Funding for initiatives is always welcome, but it is also important that there is a clear due process for determining how those grants are awarded. Can the minister confirm that any future international development monies will get to those who need it most and will be subject to such due process to ensure transparency, accountability and value for taxpayers? I am happy to confirm that. Having met representatives from Malawi in Kelvin's Woodland community garden during COP26, it was concerning to learn of the challenges that they face at the hands of climate change that, in turn, have also impacted their ability to respond to Covid. Following on from the Scottish Government's £2 million commitment to UNICEF, can I ask the cabinet secretary to provide an update on the Scottish Government's work to assist in the fight against Covid in Malawi and wider Africa? As I mentioned in my statement, we have so far committed over £3.5 million from the international development budget to give overseas assistance in support of Covid-19 in our partner countries, which includes, of course, Malawi. Today, I have announced a further £1.5 million for this financial year, which will specifically target initiatives responding to the pandemic in Malawi, Rwanda and in Sambia. In addition to the £2 million of funding that is provided to UNICEF, as the member has referenced, in March of this year, I also announced a tranche of funding that is worth over £500,000 from the international development fund, which will help to support vaccine roll-out online learning, healthcare, renewable energy and research in terms of disease resilience. That concludes the item of business on that statement. There will be a very short pause before we move to the next item of business.