 Hello everyone welcome back to a new session in dentistry and more today's topic is developmental disturbances of teeth. So the developmental disturbances of teeth basically arranged in four categories that is the disturbances related to size, second one is number, third one is shape or form and the fourth one is which is involving formation of enamel and dentin. So the enamel and dentin related disturbances we have already covered that was enamel involving amylogenesis imperfecta, dentin involving dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentin dysplasia and regional odendodysplasia. So now we are seeing about the size related developmental disturbances. So let's see what is the size related problems that is the developmental problems associated with teeth. So developmental disturbances of teeth related to size basically divided into two categories that is microdontia and macrodontia. So the name itself gives the answer for it one is micro and another one is macro. So we know what is micro and macro. Micro is nothing but smaller than normal, macro is larger than normal. So teeth which are smaller than normal is microdontia, teeth which are larger than normal is macrodontia. So in both categories we have three subdivisions that is true generalized microdontia, relative generalized microdontia, focal or localized microdontia. Similarly true generalized microdontia, relative generalized microdontia, focal or localized microdontia. Let's see one by one. The first one is microdontia that is true generalized microdontia. True generalized is actually the teeth are smaller than normal. The teeth actually are normal. It is commonly seen in pituitary dwarfism and which is very rare and teeth are well formed but it is smaller than normal. The next one is relative generalized microdontia. So here the thing is there is relative microdontia, the teeth are normal or slightly smaller than normal but there is no obvious microdontia. The teeth are actually normal or slightly smaller than normal but the problem is the jaws are little larger than the normal. So when comparing to a bigger or larger jaw the teeth appears smaller but actually it is a normal or slightly smaller teeth which are present in slightly larger jaws. So this is the point. The jaws are bigger. So it appears comparing with larger jaws it is smaller. That is why this name the relative generalized it is comparing to bigger jaws it is appearing as micro teeth. So that is the relative generalized microdontia. Now we have the third category that is focal or localized. So it is a very localized condition. So focal or localized are very common comparing with these three subtypes that is lateral incisor and third molar. The lateral incisor microdontia is also known as pegalateral because there will be a conical shaped lateral incisor compared to the normal square almost square type lateral incisor because there will be converging of tooth incisor. A cone shaped crown will be in pegalateral. So this is the pegalateral. This is a normal tooth. This is central incisor lateral incisor canine. So the normal lateral incisor will have close contact with mesial and distal side of mesial side of canine and distal side of central incisor. But in pegalateral the problem is with the towards the incisor edge it goes tapering will be constriction or converging towards the incisor end. So this is focal microdontia this is commonly seen and third molar also commonly involved but it is not very clinically obvious only dentist is able to visualize it. But since it coming in the anterior side the pegalateral is very visible and even the person also is well aware of his pegalateral rather than the third molar microdontia if the person has both. So pegalateral is a microdontia or focal or localized microdontia which is common with the third molar. So it may be either one or two will be present in a patient or person. So while coming to macrodontia we have the same categories that is true generalized, relative generalized or focal or localized. So true generalized means there is actual bigger teeth compared to the normal size. It is seen in pituitary gigantism the microdontia seen in pituitary dwarfism. So we know what is dwarf and what is a gigantic person. The person himself will be having a bigger body or lower body comparably all the body parts will be of that size if it is dwarf if it is a gigantic person. So that is true generalized, relative generalized. The problem is patient is having or the person is having smaller jaws. The teeth are normal in size but since the jaws are little smaller than the normal the teeth will look bigger or larger and it results in crowding. So there will be insufficient arch space because the jaws are smaller than the normal. So the crowding will be there and teeth appears to be larger. So it is because of the smaller jaws here it is because of the bigger jaws. And the third one is focal or localized which is commonly seen in third molar and it is a very rare condition unlike the microdontia which is actually very common. The focal or localized is very common in microdontia whereas this is little rare in case of macrodontia. So it is a very very simple topic what is microdontia and what is macrodontia. So everything you need to understand this concept is relative generalized microdontia and relative generalized microdontia. This is only confusing terminology in this developmental disturbance of size. Here the jaws are normal, larger than normal, here the jaws are smaller than normal. So that is all about the size developmental disturbances of teeth. So I will come up with the number in next video. So the take away points is peglateral. So peglateral is a focal or localized microdontia. So I will come up with the developmental disturbances of number in my next video. Thank you.