 Well, thank you all for coming out this morning. It is a great pleasure to share the experience of space flight with those folks that make it happen, if it wasn't for all the efforts of people around the NASA centers and here at JSC that support our missions. None of this could occur. And we're going to show you a film today, followed by some slides. But before we do that, I'd like to introduce the crew members one more time. And one crew member is not here today. It's Pedro Duque. He was selected to become an astronaut candidate in the next NASA class later this summer and he is back in Spain preparing to move here permanently. Down here on the front row we have our other alternate payload specialist, Dr. Luca Rubani from Italy, Luca. And we trained as a crew of nine, and for those not familiar with alternate payload specialist roles, they are prepared to step in and fill the shoes of one of the payload specialists up until the last minute. All the training on all the medical baseline data collection. And then once the mission lifted off, took up roles similar to a CAPCOM at the Paled Operations Center in Marshall. I'd like to begin introducing the crew at the far end of the table here. This is the pilot, Kevin Kriegel. He was on his second mission. Next to Kevin is Dr. Chuck Brady, a former Navy flight surgeon on his first flight. Next to me on my left is Dr. Bob Thurst from the Canadian Space Agency, flying as payload specialist number two. On my right is Lieutenant Colonel Susan Helms. She was mission specialist number two, which is our flight engineer and also our payload commander, a very challenging role. Next to Susan is our PhD in microgravity, Jean-Jacques Fabier from CNES, the Canadian, I'm sorry, the French Space Agency. And this was Jean-Jacques' first flight. His family has been living at Huntsville, so he was very familiar with the Marshall Space Flight Center's role in not only this mission, but other microgravity science missions. And at the end of the table is our first NASA doctor of veterinary medicine to fly in space, and that's Rick Lenahan also on his first flight. Without any further ado, we'd like to go ahead and begin the video if we could bring the lights down and roll the video. And parts of the video we will narrate other portions include some of the intercom that was recorded during ASIN. Here we are, suiting up at the Kennedy Space Center for our launch on June 20th. Again, Kevin Krigel, the pilot waving to his family. Jean-Jacques Fabier from France, very eager to get into space. Susan Helms all pressure checked and ready to begin her third space flight. And the alien here is Dr. Rick Lenahan, our veterinarian. And Dr. Chuck Brady, also eager to get into space for his first time. And from Canada, Dr. Bob Thursk. The launch morning schedule is quite a quick pace. No sooner had we suited up when it was time to head out to the launch pad, and LeVan would take us out there. During this walkout, we were thrilled to see some of our friends and colleagues who had gotten up early that morning to wish us all well as we were heading off on our mission. And waiting for us at the launch pad was our beloved Columbia, and at this point it seemed like it was a living creature, as it hissed and fumed and groaned, and it seemed as eager as we were to get ready for the launch. The crew was greeted at the launch pad on the gantry by the closeout crew who helped us put on our harnesses and our parachutes and check out our equipment before we got inside Columbia. The strapping in procedure is quite a busy choreographed affair, and it's also a bit of an emotional affair as well. And for a first-time flyer such as myself, I found that my thoughts went to friends and family, to the emergency procedures that I was going to have to perform in the event of an emergency. And about this wonderful adventure I was heading off on. It was really nice for me to strap in in the middeck the same time that Tom Hendricks, a three-time flyer was strapping in the flight deck. If Tom thought this was a safe thing to do, then I thought it was as well. And these wonderful views you have of the strapping in procedure occur to see a mini- It was just absolutely fantastic to see the avian space and see this great piece of American technology come off the external tank. It was really difficult for Rick and I to focus on getting pictures of this here we saw the earth and land masses and the oceans floating beneath us. But the external tank just did a super job and would perform greatly. A mission that had dual objectives. It was a microgravity mission and a life science mission combined together, but the focus of the very first day right after we got into space was to capture the life science data for documenting the adaption process. So without any further ado, as soon as we desuaded, people were working on experiments, which is probably a first in the shuttle program as quickly as we did. Here you see Bob on one of our life science facilities. It's a dynamometer, and what it's meant to do is help measure both the static and dynamic performance of the musculoskeletal system. We had several PI investigative teams that were part of this major experiment, and here you see some of the activities taking place. Yeah, that's me strapped into the TVD now being electrically stimulated involuntarily by a device which measures muscle contraction. Here's Chuck on the arm lever, and we're measuring torque output and muscle strength and degradation over the 17 days of the flight on the torque velocity dynamometer. And Chuck here is going through the different protocols. You can see the IBM ThinkPad up there on his right hand, and he's following those, and that interfaces with software in the TVD. Jean Jacques is holding a hand grip dynamometer, and he is performing various protocols that he is reading on the ThinkPad screen up there in front of him, and they are anywhere from following torque curves to producing various contractions anywhere from 10% to 100% on the hand grip. And all this will be compared to ground-based data when we get back, when we are back now, actually, and look at changes in muscle physiology. That's me again, and I am on Alfie, the astral lung function experiment, and I'm about to get on there and start blowing into this tube, and it's measuring gaseous exchange in the lungs, and we're comparing pulmonary physiology on orbit to ground-based studies. And right there, I'm interfacing with the keyboard unit and reading the LEDs and following the flow, the flow parameters up there on the screen. And also, we used Alfie with exercise. We did resting PFTs. Here's a picture of Jean Jacques with his many watches on, and the magic mask, and he's just gotten off the ergometer and he's going on to Alfie right now to determine if there are any changes pre- and post-exercise. Here's Chuck with the Olympic torch, and Chuck is hooked up to Alfie and the ergometer right now simultaneously performing the exercises, and it's measuring his pulmonary output. And here's the rest of the crew offering to cheer Chuck on and share in the Olympic moment with the torch. Now, that torch was later taken down by the orbiter crew and walked around the orbiter after we landed. We had another study. It was not relative to the lung function or the musculoskeletal studies that we have already talked about, but we also were looking at the vestibular system, the neurovestibular system. Specifically on this experiment, the goal here is to try to capture what happens to eye and head movements and posture movements when the inner ear becomes confused about what's up and what's down. Without the effect of gravity, your inner ear doesn't really understand which way it's heading relative to the earth, and so when you remove that effect, the question is how does the inner ear then translate to the eyes and head, how to move? And so we had a number of experiments. You can see some of them in progress here, where we were doing very disciplined head and eye movements, and likewise we did eye movements with and without knowledge of what was going on in the immediate environment, and by comparing this relative to what was captured in pre- and post-flight, we hope to better understand how that whole inner ear, eye, postural integrated system works together. And of course, an application for this is, among other things, a study of space motion sickness, because we know that that's got an influence on how people react in space to that effect. The award for the Autist-Looking LMS experiment goes to the torso rotation experiment. This investigation also measures how the vestibular apparatus or inner ear adapts to the weightless environment, and we also hope to come up with a cause for this space motion sickness problem, which afflicts about half of all astronauts during the first two or three days of spaceflight. Here in the mid-deck, Jean-Jacques and I have just donned the equipment, which includes accelerometer packages on the top of our head and also on our back, and we're performing a strange-looking dance, which is very much important to calibrate the equipment. Since it's the only experiment on our flight that comes from Canada, I thought it appropriate on one of the data collection days to wear my team Canada hockey jersey. We hope also that the results of this experiment will help improve treatment programs for people that suffer from motion sickness and settings on the ground. Well, this is the lace and sleepwear here. You're seeing four of us come out of our bunks in the morning. This is a study looking at the circadian rhythms of astronauts who actually had their brainwaves measured at night during six nights on four subjects. You see us coming out of there. We're really a fashion statement here, as you'll see in just a moment, but Tom's getting us all up, and we're going to line up here in just a second with all our sleep equipment on. We think we're going to get really great data from this. We're looking at long-duration spaceflight and hopefully we'll be able to help people rest better and be more efficient, both in space and here on the ground. We're going to simplify the changes in performance. On this flight, we flew a small laptop computer, which we would practice with a few times before flight, during flight, and then post-flight, and we could see the changes in our memory capabilities and in our hand-eye coordination. This mission was a life science mission, but also a microgravity science mission, and we had several fields of investigations, including fluid physics. Here we see the fluid physics experiment called the BDPU for bubble drop and particle unit. Each PI had a special container to be able to load in this optical bunch, and we had to make some critical optimization before getting the hand to the ground and to the PI. These experiments worked very well, except one day we had a little problem that Kevin and myself and Susan are trying to fix, a shortcut in the connector. But when we got that fixed, we were able to get very nice views of boiling in this particular experiment or convection driven by capillary forces like for this bubble in another experiment. And we tried to get the best quiet conditions for these critical phases. Another important experiment was a material science project, a furnace in which we elaborated different kinds of specimens, aluminum alloyed for instance, as well as semiconductors. So we tried to get the best environment, thermal environment to study the kind of structure we can expect to get in space and as you can see here, sometimes it's easier to walk upside down to get accurate positioning of the cartridge inside the furnace. And Susan looks very comfortable doing that. You can see that the Space Lab is very busy with activities and a lot of experiments. We also were doing some experiments on the flight deck. This is the voice command system. It's a voice activated system for the payload bay cameras. And Tom and myself were working on this experiment and just seeing how well it performed on orbit. We also got great views of outside the Earth. We had a full moon and it was setting and as it sets and goes through the atmosphere, it actually turned blue. So we had a blue moon and on orbit, we had a real blue moon, which is a second full moon in a month. We thought it would be fairly clever and we videoed this down to Mission Control Center, but they were on top of us and they had the song to play when we were videoing this down. One of our best passes was early in the morning. We had a nice pass above the Mediterranean Sea, Europe and Spain here. We were able to see our hometowns. This one was Spain and Madrid, a hometown of Petroduke, our alternate. Then we had some of these beautiful islands south of the coast of France that we saw sometimes and it was not so cloudy. And we continued above Italy and Greece and it was a very nice award in the morning to wake up early just to see that. We also had some marvelous passes over the United States. You may recall that during the end of June, it was absolutely clear over most of North America and this is one scene here of us saying goodbye to California, currently over Nevada, New Mexico, there's Lake Mead near Las Vegas, nearly in the center of the picture and one of the current events that happened while we were on orbit were the wildfires in the Grand Canyon area and you can actually see those in the bottom left of the picture at this time coming into the field of view just before we head over into Mexico on this particular pass. As you can see, it was quite impressive from space. Just absolutely fantastic to travel from 39 degrees north to 39 degrees south and this is a view of the Appalachians, the great smoky mountains from Tennessee to North Carolina. Now we're getting ready to come on. I don't think anyone's wanting to come home but this is a view inside of preparing for entry and as a rookie, I can't begin to tell you just what a spectacular light show it was. I'm pretty glad there were three veterans on the flight deck with me because I felt like the whole front end of the orbiter was coming on fire. As you can see, looking out the back there's just awesome light show that's going on and in just a second we'll see the lights reflecting off of Tom and Kevin in front and illuminating fully in a darkened cabin Susan's face here, just an absolutely spectacular show as we reach the entry. You saw videos in the launch, we also had that small camera for videos out the front. We're over the panhandle of Florida if you look in the middle of the picture, it's kind of cloudy but you can actually see the coast of the Fault Walton Beach Pensacola area as we come to land at the Kennedy Space Center. It was an overcast day. We had clouds at about 20,000 feet. We're at the Heading Alignment Cone. Tom's in a right hand turn trying to line up on Kennedy Space Center. Runway 33, we go through the clouds and this is looking out my window. That's what I saw on the entry day. You can see the rivers of the Kennedy Space Center as we make the turn. Coming around the Heading Alignment Cone we're doing about 300 miles per hour and we roll out about six miles from the runway at 12,000 feet, pointing 20 degrees nose low. Fairly steep approach. Tom's lined up right on the numbers for our landing there on that morning several weeks ago. Of course the entry flight control team had gotten us to this point with a great effort by some of the folks here in the room with us today. Here we are at 2,000 feet, beginning the gentle pullout from that steep dive to approach the runway. Using the lights to the left of the runway to achieve a one and a half degree approach, Kevin puts the wheels down about 10 seconds before touchdown and the airspeed is bleeding from about 300 knots down to target of 205 at touchdown and we're intending to touch down about here with the black marks. You can see that's about where we touched down so the numbers worked out well. The pre-planned numbers at 195. Kevin pushes two buttons which deploys the drag chute. I lower the nose to the runway and then we can use the nosewheel steering system on the orbiter much like an airliner to track the centerline which you see here. It also has brakes like an airliner so we're slowing it with the brakes at about 60 knots. Kevin punches another button so it doesn't drape down over the engines after we stop and we continue braking until we come to complete stop and that's the end of the flight portion of the mission but some of the most crucial data still had to be collected as these four payload crew members re-adapted to gravity so we very efficiently with the help of the folks here in Mission Control egressed the vehicle. They began their data takes and I think you can see from this that we were very pleased with the 17-day flight. Let's take a position now to the slides. The STS-78 mission links past with present through a crew patch influenced by Pacific Northwest Native American Art. Central to the design is the space shuttle Columbia whose shape evokes the image of the eagle an icon of power and prestige in the national symbol of the United States. The eagle's feathers representing both peace and friendship symbolize the spirit of international unity on STS-78. An orbit surrounding the mission number recalls a traditional NASA emblem. The Life Sciences and Microgravity Space Lab or LMS is housed in Columbia's payload bay and is depicted in a manner reminiscent of totem art. The pulsating sun, a symbol of life, displays three crystals representing STS-78s three microgravity materials processing facilities. The constellation Delfinas recalls the dolphin friend of sea explorers each star representing one member of STS-78s international crew including our alternate payload specialist Pedro Duque and Luca Urbani. The Olympic colored thrusterings at the base of Columbia signify the five continents of Earth united in global cooperation for the advancement of all humankind. And this is a photo of the ET after separation about a third of the way through the sequence and it's about to re-enter and it has started its tumble already and if you'll look up near the top of the ET you can see kind of a bullseye like Mark Gray and Black and that is the characteristic burn scar of the SRBs. This was taken with a Nikon F4 and a 300 millimeter lens with a doubler on it kind of looked like a small bazooka actually when you got it out there so you can imagine Chuck and I were both up there getting the cameras out with Susan's help and maneuvering ourselves into the back window to take this picture and I think we got some good ones. Well this is the shuttle amateur radio experiment what a delight this was each crew member got a chance to talk with school kids all around the world and these school kids had worked for six months for up to a year even preparing, working in science and mass studying the orbital trajectories of the shuttle getting ready with antennas and so forth to get a chance to talk with us on board the real credit goes to our Sarex team here on site these guys and ladies that worked so hard on this program we got a chance to talk with many people around the world and just the feel of someone being whether it's an internet question or KCA or our shuttle amateur radio experiment gets a chance for people to feel like they're inside the shuttle and this is what this business is all about. There was another experiment that we had on our flight that wasn't seen in the film and that's the plant growth facility I know there are a number of people here interested in how plants grow in space we continue to do research in that area and Jean-Jacques and I were the two people that were designated to monitor and harvest these plants after they had been growing in space for about a week and a half to two weeks what you see here is documentation of the chambers we had five chambers four of which were exposed to the cabinet and one of which was totally self-contained in the next slide you can see one of the chambers that was exposed to the cabinet and the needles are quite sparse two of the plants are bent over on purpose to see if they can grow reactive tissue at the bend while they're in microgravity versus the ones that aren't bent at the middle but when we took out the one that had not been exposed to the cabinet it was like a lush tropical forest in there and when you thought about the fact that this is what it looks like when it's exposed to cabinet it really made all of us pause for a minute wonder what was in our air I'm sure we're interested in hearing the scientific results of this experiment and this is a picture of well we're taking blood from each other and believe it or not throughout this 17-day mission the payload crew all donated about 120 cc's of blood per person Chuck is there with a tourniquet on his arm is he about to place butterfly catheter into his vein to get a morning fasting blood sample and in many in many instances we were actually taking blood samples pre and post TBD exercise you saw that earlier in the slides there and we were measuring hormone levels and other physiologic functions with the blood and to my knowledge between the SLS series of flights this is one of the big successes here was that we managed to get every blood sample and so far from what we've heard from the PIs they've all been very good and they're getting the data they need you saw we recognize folks what they call the KCA equipment and really all it is is a video teleconferencing system we use the KU antenna on the orbiter's capability to uplink video files and we had two-way transmissions Tracy is here with a little camera on the laptop computer we can see the people admission control center they can see that it turned out to really help us out and we did one of the in-flight maintenance works on the bubble experiment having the opportunity to see from the from space his hometown is for each of us very good satisfaction here you have the south part of France with on the left bottom part the beginning of the French Riviera Marseille and going to the Italian border you can see also the Alps these very nice mountains on the middle right some snow on top of the glaciers and just in the middle the Grenoble valley Grenoble is my hometown and is also the capital of the goat cheese another good shot of an important city for us this is Madrid in Spain just in the middle of the Iberian peninsula it's not very easy to see the city because of the colors which match actually the landscape around it but we are sure that Madrid is just in the middle of this picture here and this was an important shot for Peter Duque our alternate everyone recognizes this is the boot of Italy and in particular along the spine of Italy near the east coast or the Apennine mountains on the west coast about halfway down the boot is the city of Rome a little bit further down from that is the famous bay of Naples to the left is the island of Sicily which in this very rare occasion during our mission was cloud covered Italy is very important country a contributor to the international space program I got up every morning to look at this view thinking about Italy being the cradle of western civilization centuries ago and about today it's high tech space program and also Italy is the home of Luca Urbani our alternate payload specialist who is a member of our crew we considered Luca and Pedro as members of our crew because of their training but also of the payload development and procedures development they contributed to our flight and it's very likely that Luca will have his own shuttle flight in the coming years moving on to the United States and the rest of North America this is a picture of the cascade range with the diamonds of the mountains rarely seen from space without cloud cover just to orient you up to the very top of the picture you're basically looking at the south tip of British Columbia including Vancouver Island which is where Bob is from, he's from Victoria the mountain at the very top there is Mount Rainier and Chuck is from the Seattle area just nearby that area just to the south of Mount Rainier to the little bit to the right is Mount Adams and then a little bit further down there is a little white blotch with some brownish gray just to the north that's Mount St. Helens and it looks like it's been had its cap blown off and of course that's exactly what happened in 1980 and then the residue from the volcanic eruption you can still see from space here if you look at the gray area just to the north of that the next mountain down is near my hometown of Portland, Oregon so we've crossed over the Columbia River into the state of Oregon and that's Mount Hood and then further down near the bottom of the picture is Mount Jefferson and at the very bottom are the three sisters which is in Central Oregon and opportunities to take pictures of Denver and Colorado Springs if you look at this picture the green is the Rampart Range south of Denver and the brown that's to the left of the picture near the bottom is Pikes Peak and of course I know you can see very clearly in the center of the picture at the Air Force Academy which is the alma mater of myself Tom and Kevin like the second home so we were surprised how clearly we could see details of unique landmarks and while we were up there we had the opportunity to give a welcome to the incoming class of basic cadets that happened to be planned for graduation in the year 2000 so it was quite a landmark as Jean-Jacques mentioned we all got to view our homes from space this is where my roots are and it's Lake Erie is at the top right hand corner that's the western end of the lake that very corner of the lake is Toledo, Ohio named after Toledo, Spain I grew up in a small town called Woodville just outside there so this was the first out of four flights that I'd been far enough north to see Ohio which you see in the center part of the screen Michigan up in the upper half we also have Detroit in the field of view near the upper right hand corner and then the land mass just across the river is Windsor, Ontario could you tell from my accent this is my hometown this is the longest island in the United States the second one is Woodville Island where Chuck is from very cleverly we named it Long Island this is where I grew up in the south side just north of the beaches in the middle of the picture is my hometown of Amityville Long Island Long Island has about 7 million of this country's people living there this is a picture of Washington D.C. area our nation's capital you can see the coastline on the right side of the view you can see the Potomac River is coming in on the left side the central part of the view and then winds down through Washington D.C. in the very center of the frame and then exits near the bottom left hand corner we had the opportunity of celebrating the independence of three nations of our crew members during or shortly after the flight to Canada Day on the 1st of July we obviously celebrated Independence Day on the 4th of July for the U.S. and then just last weekend we had the pleasure of celebrating the French National Holiday on the 14th of July this is an infrared picture of the same area not directly from the same location this is looking straight down on Washington D.C. with infrared film I'm sorry it shows up red as you can see the river shows up more blue or green as it winds through Washington D.C. and the city itself shows up very gray or white colored and some of the other white blotches you see are the tops of clouds and on the very left hand side of the slide you can see a Dulles Airport very distinctly so infrared photography can make man-made structures very distinct Atlanta, Georgia, home of the 1996 Olympics and just as the athletes are gathering this week from all around the world in the spirit of international goodwill and cooperation and our crew and our mission we're particularly blessed in having representatives from five nations and from four separate space agencies and we feel like that's a great forerunner of the International Space Station in a cooperation and goodwill that that forbodes and as you can tell from this scene we enjoyed our 17 days in space immensely we did not look forward to returning, we were happy to stay on orbit a few more days gathering the data for the folks here on the ground but again as I mentioned at the introduction none of this would be possible without the tremendous efforts that people here at the Johnson Space Center the Kennedy Space Center and in our case the dedicated folks at the Marshall Space Flight Center that directed the science and data gathering during this mission and after the crew we would like to thank each of you for your individual efforts in making STS-78 the success that it was, thank you