 The next item of business is a debate on motion 14749 in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick on physical activity, diet and healthy weight. May I ask those members who wish to speak in the debate to press the request to speak buttons? As you are already aware, time for this debate is already short, so I would ask that opening speakers do not go over the time that has been allocated. Jo Fitzpatrick to speak to and move the motion for up to no more than 13 minutes. Presiding Officer, this Government has been clear that it wants a fairer Scotland where everyone thrives. In moving the motion, I want to make the point that our overall aim is to improve the health of the nation, preventing ill health and reducing health inequalities are central to achieving that. In June this year, we published a set of six interlinked public health priorities, each with prevention and early intervention at their core. They cover places and communities, the early years, mental wellbeing, alcohol, tobacco and drugs, poverty and healthy weight and physical activity. Those priorities, agreed between the Government and COSLA, are the most important things we must focus on over the next decade to improve the health of the people of Scotland. Today, I want to outline the step changes that we as a Government are taking to meet one of those public health priorities, a Scotland where we eat well and have a healthy weight and physical activity. In July, we published two complementary delivery plans that set out what needs to be done to achieve that priority, while recognising that those plans sit alongside a wide range of Government policy and action. Each delivery plan has stretched ambitions. We want to cut physical activity in adults and teenagers by 15 per cent by 2030, in line with the new global goal put forward by the World Health Organization. We want to have childhood obesity by 2030, and we want to significantly reduce diet-related health inequalities. We have set a high bar, and rightly so, the scale of the challenge is huge, and the inequalities remain persistently wide. Those ambitions are underpinned by clear and comprehensive plans. I welcome the support from across the chamber in addressing those twin challenges. Today, we need to take decisive action, such as restricting junk food promotions and helping more women and girls to get involved in sport and physical activities. Let's remind ourselves why we need to act so urgently. We all know that being physically active is one of the best things we can do for our overall physical and mental wellbeing. As an active lifestyle can help to prevent heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, musculoskeletal conditions and a number of cancers. However, it is about more than that. Physical activity has a unique power to inspire and motivate us. It can also play a crucial role in tackling social isolation and developing confidence. In short, being active is about all of us enjoying a healthy life and being connected to our communities and our environment. Overall levels of physical activity in Scotland remain steady, while other developing countries show a decline. Given its many benefits, we want to go further and see those levels increase. The case for change is even more stark when it comes to diet and healthy weight. Let's be in no doubt about the scale of the challenge. We are consistently failing to meet our dietary goals. 65 per cent of adults are overweight or obese and over a quarter, 26 per cent of children are at risk of being overweight or obese. That is a shocking statistic, particularly given that overweight children are more likely to become overweight adults with all the health inequality that that brings. Obesity is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer after smoking. It is the most significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes and it can also increase the risk of lots of conditions, including cardiovascular diseases and arthritis. If we can bring down obesity and drive up physical activity, we can prevent the burden of health harms on our children, adults and on the NHS and people of Scotland will live longer, healthier, happier lives. Looking across both plans, they have three core priorities. They both seek to address health inequalities by supporting everyone to have active lifestyles and healthy diets. They both recognise the importance of collective leadership and broad ownership nationally and locally across public, private, third and community sectors. They both prioritise cross-portfolio approaches to ensure policies across the Government and not just in health support the changes that are needed. Let me turn in detail to each of the plans. In July, I launched Scotland's physical activity delivery plan, a more active Scotland. It sets out a range of actions, 90 in total, that we and our delivery partners are taking to encourage and support people in Scotland to be more active more often. Partnership working is a central theme. A plan follows the publication of the World Health Organization's global action plan on physical activity. The WHO plans to set out the challenges that countries around the world face in helping people to get and stay active. It highlights how so many aspects of modern life, including transport, technology, changes in work and leisure activities, lead us towards inactivity. The WHO plans to make it clear that a whole-system approach is crucial to success. That means working across policy boundaries to improve education, transport, health, planning and sports sectors, among others. I am extremely pleased that the World Health Organization has welcomed our delivery plan and that it sees Scotland as a head of the game in responding to its global action plan. I was just wondering what his view is. Here in Edinburgh, for example, the SNP Labour-controlled Edinburgh City Council is looking to increase proposed price hikes on local groups to undertake sports and sports clubs. Does he think that that will achieve the outcomes of his delivery plans? Jo FitzPatrick? Clearly, the local government are partners in what we are trying to do. I was pleased when Edinburgh Council said that it would look again at those matters, and I understand that the status there is still being looked at. When we look at the delivery action plan, the actions in which physical activity and sport can transform lives across all ages and demographics. The actions included in the plan include rolling out the daily mile across the country, doubling active travel budgets to £80 million to encourage walking and cycling for recreation and travel, increasing support for participation and support by women and girls, £1 million for changing lives through sport and physical activity, increasing funding support for older people. That is a snapshot of the actions that we are taking forward. We will continue to work with academics and practitioners to learn from the evidence and share experience on what works on the ground. Physical activity is one factor in maintaining a healthy weight, but it is only one factor. In July, which was a busy month for me just in post, I also launched our diet and healthy weight delivery plan, A Healthier Future. It sets out a wide-ranging approach to tackle the nation's weight problem. Obesity is complex, but our aim is simple. We want to make it much easier for everyone across Scotland to eat well and have a healthy weight. The delivery plan has more than 60 actions, but today I want to focus on three core priorities—transforming the food environment, giving children the best start in life and preventing type 2 diabetes. Start with transforming the food environment, particularly around promotions. As a nation, we consume too much food and drink that has little or no nutritional benefit but which contributes calories or salt to our diet. Those so-called discretionary foods include snacks such as crisps, sweets and chocolate. Half of the sugar consumed in Scotland comes from those foods, so it is clear that we need to eat less of them. It is difficult to make healthier choices when we are constantly bombarded with messages that encourage us to impulse buy those foods and to over-consume them. We want to change that. We are looking to restrict the in-store marketing and promotion of discretionary foods so that they cannot be sold on multi-buy promotions or placed at check-outs, for example. The consultation is already under way on a comprehensive set of proposals on which we welcome feedback. Like all big public health interventions, we know that we need to take the public with us. The latest Food Standards Scotland data shows that around half support restricts the promotion of unhealthy products but we are not complacent. We will continue to make the case for change so that consumers feel empowered to make healthier choices. Transforming the food environment involves much more than that, of course. For example, we are also supporting Scottish SMEs to reformulate products and remove calories. We are urging the UK Government to ban the broadcast of advertising of HFSS foods before the 9pm watershed. Food Standards Scotland will shortly publish its consultation on how restaurants, cafes, delivery services and others can support healthier eating. Our ambition to half childhood obesity gives our plan a strong preventative focus. Of course, all changes to the food environment that I have talked about should improve the diet of children and their families. However, there is much more that we can do, and we must do, because early childhood—in fact, what happens before children are born—is critical time for establishing good nutrition and healthy eating. We will support parents in preconception and in the early years with everything from pregnancy nutrition to breastfeeding and weaning. We will serve healthier food to children in early years settings at school. We will target services for families who need it and the child's weight is a concern. We will continue to support children and families through school and the teenage years. Although our overarching aim is to stop children from becoming overweight or obese in the first place, we nevertheless recognise that the current reality that is being overweight or obese has become the norm for adults in Scotland. Among that comes the associated health harms and the significant pressures that they put on health services. Each year we spend around 9 per cent of our total health expenditure treating type 2 diabetes, a condition closely related with overweight and obesity. We are showing evidence that, with significant and sustained changes to diet and lifestyle, a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes can be reversed. That is why our third priority is our significant investment of £42 million over five years to tackle type 2 diabetes. In the summer, I also published a prevention framework that sets clear expectations on health boards and their partners to provide services to support those roles with or at risk of often avoidable conditions. That is an issue that we can all unite on in the worlds of health, community and wellbeing, politicians, policy makers, community leaders and medical professionals, around a programme of action that will add years to the healthy life expectancy of people in Scotland. Since July, we have already achieved a great deal with strong commitment from a wide range of local and national partners, but this is just the start. We need to continue to build leadership and momentum across the system, such as the scale and nature of the problem. We want to ensure that we have the strongest possible plan for action for Scotland and for future generations. That means continuing to learn from others and to evolve our thinking. I welcome the tone of the amendments. I can confirm that we will be supporting the Conservatives amendment, which is in line with the strategies. The Liberal Democrats amendment is a commitment that we have also given, and it makes sense in the context here. Unfortunately, we are not able to support the Labour amendment because it removes reference to the two delivery plans. I think that the Green Party's amendment relates to budget matters, which we will come to later, but it is a good try. I thank everyone for the constructive way that I know that they intend to take part in the debate. Could you formally move your motion, please? I moved it in my very first sentence. Did you? I wasn't listening closely enough. Very sorry. I now move to Brian Whittle and call him to speak to and move amendment 14749.1 for no more than eight minutes, please. I welcome the opportunity to open the debate on behalf of the Scottish Conservatives. I thank the Scottish Government for the opportunity to debate this, which is the most important topic that we can today. The fact that we have physical activity and nutrition on the parliamentary agenda is very welcome. At last brings us to recognise that there is a major health issue in Scotland, and we can affect that in this place. We will support the Government's motion, but in doing so, we recognise that this should only be the start of a conversation. There is much more action that we could and should be taking to make the impact that we all know is necessary. This is the thrust of the Scottish Conservatives amendment to the Government's motion, which I now move in my name. When we are looking at tackling the preventable agenda, its very basis is rooted in good nutrition, being physically active and inclusivity. Over a year ago, the Scottish Conservatives called for anyone who is raised from the sugar tax to be allocated to a programme keeping schools open during school holidays to offer that activity hub with a healthy meal included, because we know that health inequalities and food bank usage spike during school holidays. We have to say that the Labour amendment for us is too restrictive, and it would prevent other possibilities of keeping a whole day of activity there. We recognise that the direction of travel that we want to go in, but we could not support that amendment. As convener of the Musculoskeletal and Arthritis CPG, you will not be surprised that I will be supporting the Lundem amendment, although we are hugely sympathetic to the Green amendment, and we certainly want to pursue that kind of policy. At this time, we would be reticent to put a figure on it, so we could not support that either. The conversation has to change. We need to stop focusing so intensely on the symptoms. The conditions are rising as a result of poor lifestyle choices, and we have to focus on the fact that Scotland needs a better relationship with food, drink and physical activity. If we follow the argument and then lead us to that ease of access to and understanding of good nutrition and physical activity and the environment in which it takes place, we can then begin to break down those barriers to inclusion and have that much more positive conversation. I believe that there are many levers available to the Scottish Government that would not require huge budgetary commitments but could have a significant long-lasting impact. I think that the educational environment should be a key battleground in delivering that healthier future for Scotland from a nursery education right through to higher education. When considering physical and nutritional education, we need to look at not only the learning environment but how we ensure that learning can be applied. Physical education is about how to be physically active and why we should be physically active. We then need to ensure that that learning can be applied outside of the school day. Connecting physical education with extracurricular activity and a community offer is of paramount importance. Likewise, with nutritional education, it is not enough to learn in theory. Pupils must be given the opportunity to apply that learning in practice. Certainly, increasing home economics software would be a good start, along with improving the quality of school meals. Aluminum pupils' input into the school meal menu affords that buy-in and perhaps even allow pupils into the school kitchen, which they are doing in Japan and Copenhagen, among other places. I need to explain to me why we export so much of our high-quality Scottish produce and import lower-grade cheaper produce into the Excel public procurement contract. It does not make particular sense to me, but looking outside of the environment adjacent to schools, we need to look at the planning departments and be cognisant of where we give licences for fast food restaurants. We need to look at preventing food vans from parking close to schools. Consider what age we should allow our children to leave school premises. I would like to say that I have no problem with fast food. However, I have a huge issue when it becomes part of a staple diet. On Monday, I drove past a school in Kilmarnock at lunchtime and noticed three food vans parked at the school gate with pupils queuing at all three of them. In East Ayrshire, as we know, it is a gold standard when it comes to the locally procured food and that quality of food that is served. We need to try to understand what drives that kind of behaviour. Certainly, the food vans just being there is a big factor. Surely, that is something where a simple solution is obvious. Change the environment and include our school pupils in developing school meals. That applies from pre-school, pre-birth, as the minister said, all the way through life. Start with that active play framework and nursery, along with perhaps the old vegetable patch in the grounds, attended by the children. I think that this active, inclusive and educational approach would speak directly to attainment. Early intervention directly tackles the situation where children are reaching primary school age already two years behind in their learning. To achieve that, we must then start looking at how we would deliver those step changes. Without a delivery mechanism, all that we are here is a talking shot. I have always said that the first thing that we need to do is look after the health of our healthcare professionals. How can we expect our healthcare professionals to deliver it on this message when their working environment in itself is a barrier to them adopting a healthy active lifestyle? The other thing that we need to do is look at freeing up a teacher's time to allow them to deliver the education that they can and are trained to do. It is through them that this paradigm shift in culture can be achieved. We must also recognise that the third sector has a huge part to play in this agenda. We are all aware of the value that they deliver to our communities. However, how they are funded and aligned must be reviewed and ensured that they can deliver what they are capable of. What also needs to be thought of is how a national increase in physical activity would actually be catered for. Dr Frank Dick, who is the former director of coaching at UKA and chair of the European Coaches Association, wrote a paper on offering upskilling to those approaching retirement age to allow them to continue to use their lifetime of experience and skills in the third sector should they so wish. I would agree with him that this is a largely untapped resource that we should be promoting both for their continued health and the wellbeing of those that they would be working with. There is also a possibility of developing the younger age group, who have an interest in being involved but perhaps not necessarily as a sportsperson, affording them this opportunity in the later school years to gain a coaching qualification can be both empowering and engaging. Education is the solution to health and welfare. I have always believed that. We have to create that environment where we all have access to that education in the wider context, be that in the classroom or outside. That has to be irrespective of background or personal circumstance. That is why I believe that the school estate has to be utilised much more effectively. It makes no sense to have to go home to go somewhere else to participate in sport and activity when the easiest access to quality opportunity is where the pupils are at the end of the school day. Fish where the fish are. In supporting the Government's motion and thanking them for bringing this debate to the chamber, we recognise that their motion only tackles one element of a more complicated system. We are in the starting blocks, so let us have no false starts. The Scottish Conservatives look forward to working with the Government in developing a strategy to tackle what I believe is the most important issue that is facing Scotland today. David Stewart, to speak to you and move amendment 14749.3 for no more than seven minutes, please, Mr Stewart. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I move the amendment in my name. I welcome this afternoon's debate. Clearly lack of physical activity and obesity is a modern-day public health crisis. It is one that would be unrecognisable to Scots who live through the rationing in the Second World War or, even a century before that, when parishes had to set up poor houses from Shetland to Selkirk. I share the view of Martin Cohen of the University of Edinburgh, who stated, and I quote, "...obesity is invariably presented as a died issue for dieticians, whereas social inequality is deemed a domain of sociologists and economists." Put another way, even as the inequality gap becomes more and more obvious, there has been a medicalisation of social problems, yet obesity is not just a matter for dieticians, rather it is a product of social inequality and requires a collective social response. We all know, as the minister said in his remarks, that obesity has been on the rise for decades, and it is no wonder that changes in our lifestyles have had inescapable repercussions for our diets. Increasing fast pace of life has meant that we are more likely to buy quick and easy meals, frequently trading nutritious food for efficiency. The shift in our eating habits inevitably means that we are taking in more sugar, more salt and more fat than we need. To compile the problem, the busyness of life means that fewer and fewer of us are active enough to burn off these calories, which causes what scientists call abyssinic environments. In 2016, for example, only 64 per cent of those over 16 are estimated to have reached their recommended amount of physical activity each week. That is a country that is one of the worst records in the OECD, and two-thirds of Scottish adults are classed as overweight, and even more worrying about a third of children are also overweight. We all know that the consequences of ademic obesity are severe. For individuals who have been overweight comes with numerous increased chronic health risks and reduces life expectancy by an average of three years. I commend, Presiding Officer, the work of Cancer Research UK and Obesity Action Scotland, who are working hard to raise awareness, both here and with the public, of the link between being overweight and developing cancers. As one of the co-chairs of the cross-party group in diabetes—I think that my other colleagues are also in the chamber today—I am glad that the Government in the motion has referred to type 2 diabetes. As members will know, being classed as obese or overweight is a significant contributing factor to developing type 2. With the obesity crisis, it is unfortunately no surprise that the figure in the disease makes for a bleak reading. I looked at the up-to-date figures just last night, and a number of colleagues were at a dinner that I chaired about diabetes. In Scotland today, 260,000 people are diagnosed with type 2, but what concerns me is that half a million in Scotland are at risk of developing diabetes. Members will all be familiar with that, but just to restate it, with a diagnosis of type 2, serious complications can come, including the risk of blindness and amputation. Besides, of course, the clear and grave impact on individuals' quality of life. There is growing disease, which is one example of the strain that obesity places on the national health service resources. The minister will be aware of the financing around that. One billion pounds is spent by the NHS on tackling diabetes, and 80 per cent of that goes in managing avoidable complications. I support the Government's proposal to invest in weight management programmes, with how long-term goals are very welcome. Brian Whittle I am grateful to the member to take an intervention in discussing preventable health. I mentioned to the member last night, and I wonder if he would agree. I read in a magazine that paternal physical activity has a huge impact on the metabolic rate of our children. When we are talking about prevention, we need to be cognisant of what parents are doing pre-birth. David Stewart I bow down to the member's experience on that particular issue, but I think that it makes a very good point when it was reinforced at a diabetes dinner last night. I agree with what the Government has done on weight management, but, obviously, tangible improvement is likely to be short-lived unless we take preventative approach. Evidence-based action is absolutely crucial. It is important to know what we are trying to do is working. Diabetes Scotland Minister has raised a concern with me about the budget cuts to the teams currently collecting clinical data. That could undermine the assessment of the programme. Perhaps the minister will have a look at that in the wind-up. I am very conscious of time, Presiding Officer, but it is good to see that the Government is seriously considering how advertising promotions of food, high in fat, sugar and salt, can be restricted. The key to such a approach will not be just to negatively restrict unhealthy foods but to make the option of balanced diet much more practical. However, the key issue for me is that, although the challenge may look modern, under the surface, the root problems of this is the same old story. That is poverty, social deprivation and inequality are significant contributors to being overweight. It is the least well-off who are most at risk. For example, a quarter of all the children living in the most deprived areas are at risk of obesity, compared to only 17 per cent in the least deprived areas. We have a major health inequality, and I agree with the points that Brian Foothill made about using the planning system to ensure that community spaces can encourage physical activity, are welcoming and unsafe. In conclusion, the key to tackling obesity is not just a problem for individuals and families but a social problem, similar to educational achievement or criminality. Poverty in individual choices is the driver of the problem. That is only fundamental societal change that will fight inequality with the guardian knot of systematic overindulgence. I call Alison Johnson to speak to and move amendment 14749.4 for up to six minutes. I begin by moving the amendment in my name. I would also like to thank all the many organisations that have provided briefings for this afternoon's debate. I, too, am glad to discuss the systemic change that we need so that people can live more active, healthier lives and to see a range of amendments today that present different but complementary ideas to help us achieve that. It's fair to say that a real challenge confronts us. The proportion of people in Scotland who meet guidelines for physical activity hasn't much changed since 2012. Just about two thirds of us manage moderate levels of physical activity for two and a half hours per week. Although the overall proportion of adults who are overweight or obese appears not to have increased since 2008, nor has there been the positive reduction that we all want to see. Over the last decade, we've certainly learned that public health messages focused on individual behaviours tend to fail and fail people on lower incomes, in particular, as David Stewart has stressed. They can also cause unintended harm by stigmatising some behaviours and some bodies. When discussing the social determinants of health, Professor Michael Marmot often reminds us of alternative health messages that we could be giving people. Instead of telling someone to follow a balanced diet and keep active, we might advise them not to be poor. If they can't avoid that, then try not to be too poor for too long or don't live in a deprived area and don't work in a stressful low-paid manual job. That kind of parody indicates just how much of our health is determined by factors that we, as individuals, can do fairly little to control. Yet, in 2018, we're a long way from seeing public health campaigns on our trains and buses announcing that poverty is a risk factor for poorer health. So it's time for a better approach, absolutely. John Mason. I thank the member for giving way. I very much agree with what she's saying, but would she accept that sometimes the healthier food can be cheaper than the take-away expensive food, and there's also an education process in this? Alison Johnstone. The member makes an interesting point, but we have to remember too that in some parts of our motor-private communities we have what are described as food deserts, where it's simply impossible to have that access to the fresh fruit and vegetable at an affordable price that we might enjoy. I think that it's clear that we need to begin to use regulation to tackle our obesity-genic environment and make meaningful investment in our infrastructure, and I think that most amendments today reflect that focus. My amendment concentrates on the urgent need to improve spending on walking and cycling. It's been helpful that previous spending was doubled, but £80 million is still a small proportion of our overall transport budget, some 3 to 4 per cent. The Greens have a long-standing policy that the transport budget act of travel should be at least 10 per cent of that budget. We want sea-spending brought up to £25 per head, bringing us on a par with spending levels of the Netherlands, one of the most cycle-friendly countries in the world. I'll address the minister's remarks when I have the opportunity to close. In Utrecht, for example, cycling is the dominant form of transport, with 51 per cent of everyday journeys made by bike. We begin to address a lack of investment in everyday local transport for the third of people who don't have access to a car. It also tackles two of the biggest barriers to becoming physically active, and those are cost and time. The increase in the active travel budget for 2018-19 is welcome, and it has been effective in generating more activity in local communities to deliver walking and cycling infrastructure. However, local authorities, particularly those with large urban areas, have indicated a desire for more match funding than can currently be accessed. Increasing the active travel budget from the current level of £15 a head to £25 a head, which is called for in our amendment, could trigger the transformational change in cycling infrastructure that could make Scotland a mass participation cycling nation with long distance and recreational trips, safe, simple, convenient and frequent. We need a stronger focus on infrastructure, but while we work on that, we could build on popular, successful approaches, such as the cycle to work scheme. We could roll out cycle to college, cycle to uni, giving students better access to bike ownership through interest-free bike loans integrated into student funding. That would give all students an opportunity to start the semester with a bike if their choice and plan a healthier, cheaper travel tune from lectures. Getting into healthy habits when we leave school for work, college or university can have a positive impact for decades, and I would like to see more support for young people going through important transitions. Expanding the daily mile programme is the only measure in the physical activity delivery plan that mentions colleges and universities specifically, and it seems that there is a missed opportunity there. I am glad to see that the Scottish funding council will be developing a new approach to diet and weight for staff and students. I have strong support for the emphasis on the labour motion places on the need to tackle holiday hunger. The Greens are certainly advocates for the universal provision of free school meals beyond primary 3, and Brian Whittle has touched on the need to have better school kitchens and dining facilities. I was pleased to welcome the Copenhagen House of Food to Parliament years ago, and what is going on there truly is an inspirational model that is well worth looking at. We, too, have to protect children and young people from the very worst aspects of an unhealthy food industry. I will wrap up there, Presiding Officer, but just to finish by saying that we have to restrict irresponsible promotions on very unhealthy food. We really need to get to grips with that. I call Alex Cole-Hamilton to speak to you and move amendment 14749.2. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer, and I move amendment 14749 in my name. On days like today, when there are tectonic shifts in politics in Westminster and across Europe, it is possible for outside observers to look at this debate and see it as being somewhat prosaic, but it is not at all and it is right that we come back to those almost like seasonal fixtures because it is something that we are all charged with obtaining progress on. I am very grateful to the Government for bringing its very conciliatory motion forward today and happy to support all parties amendments at decision time tonight. It is right that we come back to this issue because it does offer us common ground. I think that we all share the same aims and objectives and we won't lose sight of the challenge that lies ahead of us because that challenge is visited in our constituency surgeries relating to health complaints or mobility complaints. Large swathes of our population are locked into a trajectory, a vicious cycle, which reduces the orbit of their social universe, harms their mental health and cuts short on their life expectancy. Those debates can be an act of contrition because, since this Parliament was first convened, we have sought to end the reality that, through confluence of our culture, our weather and particular brands of social inequality, we are yet to crack. People eat more and are less active than in most other countries, but it is something that we come to together. I do not seek to ascribe any blame for this on any particular administration or political viewpoint, but I recognise for a multiplicity of reasons that it is woven into the fabric of our country's make-up and how we unpick that will define the measure of our efforts in this area for years to come. The challenge is huge. Being overweight is, as we know, the second biggest risk to health and early death after cancer. Despite that reality, only a quarter of our fellow Scots are aware of that link. The scale of that is eye-watering. 65 per cent of adults and 29 per cent of children contracted a potentially fatal virus that would trigger the emergency mobilisation of the World Health Organization and an international aid response. The cost of our society is equally large for obesity and inactivity. It has been estimated at upwards of £4 billion. As the minister said, our response to that had to be whole-nation, whole-place solutions. That is in reducing the 110 tonnes of sugar that are ingested by our population every year, through reformulation, product awareness and information. It is about in the promotion of activity and active travel. I am very happy to support Alison Johnson's amendment and I will speak to that again in closing. How we teach our children and make them aware of what a healthy, adequate lifestyle looks like. It is also about recognising that link. It has been drawn several times between obesity, inactivity, social isolation and social exclusion, the links between poverty and social deprivation. That speaks very much to the thrust of my amendment. Again, it seems quite prosaic to talk about a false strategy, but fear of falling is reducing the orbit of people's social universe. We need to recognise that and we need to do something collectively to address that. Social isolation and inactivity are definitely bedfellows. 65,000 Scots will spend Christmas alone this year. 200,000 Scots go four days or more without contact with another human being. That has an impact, undeniably, on both physical and mental health. The 19th century French writer Balzac said that solitude is fine, but you need somebody to tell you that it is fine. We cannot magic social connections for these people out of thin air, but we can reduce the barriers to them doing that for themselves. In 2017, I chaired a meeting of the Older People's Assembly in this very room, and I asked them at one point about what they were most frightened. I was expecting criminality or disease or frailty, but the number one thing about what people were most frightened was falling. It reduces the size of their social universe because they know that life expectancy after a hip fracture is dramatically reduced. I am sure that I speak for every member in this room who has people coming into their surgeries day in, day out saying that they have no confidence in the fidelity of pavements or the surety of pavements or street corners in their communities. There are accident hotspots that we all know something about. My amendment calls on the Scottish Government to build on the FALL's framework of 2014, which looked at full reduction and early intervention in medical settings to expand that out into our local community, to work with sport and leisure trusts and local authorities to identify accident black spots. It particularly at this time of year, as the nights draw in and the frost starts to bite, it is now more than ever that people decide elect to stay at home rather than take the risk of having a fall in their communities. If we get that right, we can get them back into their communities, we can get them into social networks and we can get them into the opportunities for physical activity, something of which we have heard this afternoon. I take great pleasure in moving my amendment, and I look forward to supporting all the other amendments tonight. Thank you, Mr Cole-Hamilton. We now move on to the open debate and its speeches of up to five minutes, please. Bruce Crawford, followed by Liz Smith. The Scottish Government's motion that we are debating today sets out the benefits of improved physical activity and healthy eating. Our healthier lifestyle can benefit overall health and wellbeing. In my goodness as a nation, do we need to have this debate? Levels of type 2 diabetes have already had from people like Dave Stewart, heart disease and other illnesses, including many types of cancer associated with obesity are stubbornly high in Scotland, and they have been that way for years. That, frankly, puts a strain on our hard-pressed national health service, our other public services and our economy, and it is something that we could well do without. That is why I very much welcomed the publishing of the Scottish Government's healthier future Scotland's diet and healthier weight delivery plan earlier this year. There is some great work going on across Scotland trying to address some of those issues, and I want to use it a bit of my time in this debate to highlight some of the quite remarkable initiatives and fantastic organisations operating in my own constituency who are contributing positively towards the Government's plan. Of course, it is true to say that Stirling has some of the most beautiful and stunning landscapes that exist anywhere in this wonderful country of ours, home to an impressive array of men, rose, corbets, grahams and donals, as well as spectacular locks. Because of that inspiring landscape, it is an attractive and popular place for hikers, hill walkers, kayakers and cyclists, etc. It is the perfect place and setting to promote a healthy outdoor, active lifestyle. Stirling, of course, is also home to the now internationally recognised Daily Mile, pioneer by St Nynion's primary school from 2012, and was the brainchild of the then head teacher, Elaine Wiley. The scheme encourages all pupils to walk, jog or run a mile each day and is in addition to the usual PE exercise that they undertake. A study from Stirling, Edinburgh and Highlands and Islands University showed clear evidence that the Daily Mile approach can help combat not only problems in Scotland but global problems. I understand that now over 3,500 schools across more than 30 countries around the world now take part in this remarkable initiative. What a success story, which began in St Nynion's in the city of Stirling. Not all is gloom and doom in this area, although it is very challenging. We know that. Earlier this year, the Scottish Government said that it wanted Scotland to be the first Daily Mile nation with nurseries, colleges, universities and workplaces joining over 800 primary schools and regularly taking part. As the minister has already said, the Scottish Government's aim is to cut physical inactivity in adults and teenagers by 15 per cent by 2030. That equates to around a quarter of a million more people becoming active. Perhaps when he is summing up, the minister can say a bit more about how that ambition can be realised and reached. I will say a few words about next bike in Stirling. That is a highly innovative bike share scheme. Next bike is now providing 160 bikes across 23 bike stations in the city of Stirling, available 24-7. It is yet another advertisement about how we can go about having that active lifestyle. I want to say a bit more and other things, but I want to turn to healthy eating. On that matter, we are being watched very carefully by Philip Sim and the BBC. Philip has just tweeted that MSPs are debating diet and healthy weight on macaroni cheese day in the canteen. Everyone is making speeches about eating well, mere hours after half the people in the building gorged themselves on pasta, chips and garlic bread, only if you are going to serve me macaroni and cheese. Annabelle Ewing. I have to say, but I would be rather curious now that the member has raised it. Did the member have macaroni and cheese for lunch? Excuse me, Mr Crawford, can I put a record that I didn't take chips? I didn't have it only because I didn't spot it was on, because it was one of my favourites. I think that there is a place for that. I don't think that we should decry that as a good food. The issue is how we may go about finding a balanced process in terms of what we eat. Members will be aware that the Food Assembly and its shock announcement earlier this year to pull out of the UK was a concerning time for all involved in the food assemblies. I am glad to say that Stirling Food Assembly is still working hard to promote and sell fresh local produce. I was delighted when the organisers announced that they would be staying put in Stirling. They hold pick-up markets at Stirling High School, and I understand that the Food Assembly now has more than 200 members. I don't have any time left, but I still want to play some tribute to the Royal Highland Education Trust, working with food producers and the agriculture industry to educate children about where their food comes from, which is so important. Liz Smith, followed by Stuart Stevenson. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. I warmly congratulate the member who has just spoken because I think that Stirlingshire has led the way on so many aspects of good news stories when it comes to health and just educating our youngsters on that, not just because of your wonderful minerals that you have in Stirlingshire, which I have had the privilege of climbing several times over in some cases. Deputy Presiding Officer, the very first education committee inquiry that I took part in this place when I was first elected was the debate about whether or not we should introduce free school meals in primaries 1 to 3. Aside from all the politics of that debate and there were certainly plenty of them that are still going on, there was some fascinating evidence from around that. The country from south of the border and other countries about what interventions had actually helped our very youngest people to eat more healthily. One piece of evidence stood out for me and that was the very marked improvement when schools encouraged pupils and parents to be involved in the setting of menus. When those menus made good use of the locally sourced food, Brian Whittle referred earlier to the current initiatives that are taking place in Japan and Denmark, where pupils are able to access the kitchen to help. In particular, the evidence that has been presented since that time has been striking for many rural schools whose local food is so much part of the farming community that surrounds their school. Of course, there is a lesson to be learnt from the very recent story that I saw in the press and journal that the school cook—I think it was from Broadford primary school—was nominated for two special awards for her absolutely outstanding work promoting healthy eating at a school that was inspiring youngsters to further educate themselves in nutrition. The early evidence that we took at the education committee has stuck with me all the time that I have been an elected member. As I look at some of the school meals, which have perhaps been a bit less than satisfactory, the argument is sometimes put to us that it is more expensive to prepare very healthy meals because there is less scope for mass purchasing and therefore less scope for economies of scale when it comes to preparing and transporting the food. I have to say that I completely and wholly refute that view, but what I do accept is that many school kitchens have not always been particularly suitable for the kind of meal preparation that I think we need in modern schools. I think that that is an important part for us all to think about when it comes to procurement. Alex Cole-Hamilton I am very grateful to the member for giving way. I wonder if the member agrees with me that, as well as improving diets within school canteens, we need to educate children about the journeys that the foodstuffs that they ingest at lunchtime have been on to get to their plate. Liz Smith Yes, absolutely. I do agree. I think that that is all part of the whole educational journey for youngsters. I think that the key thing is what happens in school when they are having their lunch or in some cases breakfast. I think that we have to ensure that there is an improvement in the quality of the healthy food that is actually being delivered to them. Members who have already spoken in this debate say that it is a damning indictment of Scotland's health that we have the lowest life expectancy, not only in the United Kingdom but also in Western Europe. The 2017 Audit Scotland report found that so many of the key trends when it comes to the overall health in Scotland are not really improving in the way that we would like. That is why, as the Conservative spokesman in education, I really think that we have to focus on the diet and nutrition aspects of today's motion. I know that I haven't got very much time, so I just want to finish with a few thoughts. I think that we all very much welcome the fact that one of the key outcomes in the diet and healthy weight plan is the emphasis that is being placed on children having the very best and earliest start in life by eating well and having a healthy weight. Children who do have that, it is very clear that they do much better at school apart from anything else. That is irrespective of where they come from and their income background. I think that the Conservatives healthy lifestyle strategy, which was published by Brian Whittle last year, was very much founded on the belief that those issues have cross-party and also cross-portfolio emphasis, whether it is health or education or planning or housing, and that there are three very much interconnected pillars in which a policy must be based. Nutrition, the educational environment and physical activity, they all are part and parcel of the same thing. In particular, education is very much the solution to improving health and welfare irrespective of who we are. I call Stewart Stevenson, followed by Ian Gray. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer, and I very much welcome hearing that Philip Sim is watching the debate. I know how much he enjoys my contributions. Let me just say to Bruce Crawford that in 1945, the ration for cheese was two ounces a week, so there will be very little prospect of having macaroni cheese very often. Indeed, research that was done in 1939 at the very beginning of the war showed that one could live and thrive on one pound of meat a week, quarter of a pint of mocha day, four ounces of margarine and as much potatoes, vegetables and bread as you could eat. That was all you needed to survive on. Although the experiment did report that there was a substantial increase in flatulence. Speaking of which, David Stewart. David Stewart. Thank you for lying in the intervention. What was the member's experience of living through the Boar War? Stewart Stevenson. We are bored by any debate on the subject of food, because food realistically has become a hobby for many of us, rather than a way of living our lives. I am a little bit older than apart from one person in the chamber at the moment, and I do remember that they know that way. I do remember the ending of sugar rationing in February 1953, when I was six years old. The ration for sweeties at that point was actually 11 grams a day. Just to translate that into something meaningful, that means that in today's terms you could have a Mars bar every five days. Total, nothing more, that was it. We were actually a great deal healthier when our food intake was controlled by the state. I do not advocate a return to that, but it illustrates how much of our food intake is optional, is voluntary and the equivalent of that is that one can of coke every three days has got the sugar content of the 1953 ration. Therefore, I and others of my generation probably have less of a sweet tooth. I am about a kilo over the weight I should be. I am working on it, but my heart beats okay, my respiration rate is okay, and I have just had my blood pressure tested here in the Parliament last week, and I am in the acceptable limits. I am below 140, and the difference between systolic and diastolic is about 60. However, that is not true of everybody in our society, and people suffer because of that. Exercise 2. We do not all have to be a Brian Fwittle, who is a world-class athlete. I am nowhere and never have been near his historic achievements, but at least I and all of us here can be walking on our normal day. My watch is telling me that I have walked 2.5 miles today. I look at my diary, and I am expecting about four and a half miles tomorrow. I normally am in the 20 to 30 miles a week, just simply walking, doing my normal business, avoiding taking taxes. That is a great help to my personal, physical and mental wellbeing, because walking is a great activity to undertake, to think about things and think through issues that we may have. Diabetes is one of the major consequences of our being overweight. If we go back to the period after the war, diabetes type 2 in particular, barely existed type 1, was quite uncommon. However, we need to be cautious, because the diagnostic tools were pretty poor, so I suspect that there was a huge amount of undiagnosed diabetes at that time. Basically, it was diagnosed by smelling acetone on the patient's breath, according to my father. By that time, you were quite severely diabetic, and your life was in quite severe risk. Sport 2 in schools is not what it used to be. I went to a very large school. On our peak day, 490 pupils would be participating on a Saturday in competitive sport. Rugby, football, hockey and cross-country teams are a grand total of 490 pupils. That is not the case today. A restoration of sport in our schools is definitely going to help. I very much welcome this debate. I very much welcome the focus that there is on being healthy, taking exercise and on good food. I call Ian Gray to be followed by Emma Harper. I begin by drawing attention to my declaration of interest to my position as chair of the Hebernian Community Foundation, which I intend to mention later on. I am pleased to have the opportunity to contribute to the debate. We have heard lots of statistics from all speakers to illustrate just the seriousness of the problem that we have with activity, diet and obesity. Dave Stewart told us that 65 per cent of adults in Scotland are defined as overweight. That means that being overweight in Scotland is now the norm, and almost one third of adults are classified as obese. It tells us that Stewart Stevenson is not the norm, but we probably knew that before we started. It is important to recognise, too, that the Scottish Government's research shows that issues relating to unhealthy, unbalanced diets often begin in childhood. The 2016 Scottish Health Survey revealed that 29 per cent of children in Scotland were at risk of being overweight and 14 per cent at risk of obesity. In primary school, during those formative early years of education, it is crucial that we teach children the benefits of both physical exercise and maintaining a balanced diet. Maureen Watt, I was recently at the Raut Institute, where it has found that a child's taste buds are formed by the 12th week of pregnancy. I think that that certainly illustrates the point that some of those things are set very, very early in life. I think that Mr Crawford made a good point. It is not all doom and gloom, and we have made some progress. He gave the very good example of the daily mile, shown recently in research to be not always daily, not always a mile, but extremely effective at raising health and activity levels in our schools. However, it is not the only example. There is also the Active Schools programme, which goes back further, which, in 2017-18, involved 309,000 young people making almost 7.5 million visits to active school activity sessions. I know that, in my constituency in East Lothian, that is a programme of enormous success. There have been initiatives that are having a positive impact. That is true not just of the activity side but of the diet side. In my constituency, programmes in our primary schools, such as the Roots and Fruits Food Collective or Fundamental Foods, run very good programmes in our primary schools, working with young children and showing them how to cook, how to use foods and how to make better diet choices when they get older. That feeds into the quality of food that is provided in our school meals and the availability of free meals. School meals have been mentioned by a number of speakers, but one important aspect of school meals is that they are only available during term time. That is why, in the Labour amendment, we have mentioned the very important initiative in North Lanarkshire, the 365 club, which provides free school meals throughout the year. Again, there are other approaches in East Lothian. We have lunch clubs in the school holidays and turnent press and pans, and those are initiatives that we need to encourage. Perhaps some of the strongest initiatives combine both those things, and that is why I want to mention the Go Fit Ball programme, which the Hibs Community Foundation is currently running in Edinburgh and East Lothian, where youngsters in primary schools are given the chance of an hour's football activity, followed by a session on good nutrition and cooking and then sitting down for a meal together. In mentioning the community foundation, I also want to say that it is not just about children either. We have also been responsible for delivering the football fans and training project to over 560 men and 80 women. That is a programme that most of the major football clubs in Scotland deliver, which has been shown through research by Glasgow University, not only to encourage a loss of weight during the 12-week programme, but weight loss, which is still in place there some 12 months later, an almost uniquely successful programme. There are programmes that work. We know what we can do. Perhaps the most important thing is that we support a diversity of approach, because this is a problem that we are obliged to address and what works for some people will not work for others. I welcome the debate this afternoon, as others have too. Obesity is a serious issue that needs to be addressed. The Scottish Government's motion states that obesity and an unhealthy diet are linked to harm, such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, stroke, musculoskeletal conditions and cancer. That has already been mentioned. I am directly aware of that. As a nurse, I have worked with a number of doctors in Scotland, and I have worked with a number of doctors in Scotland. I have been working experience with patients living with these conditions for 25 years of my career, spent in the operating room and much of this time, both in Los Angeles and in Dumfries, was related to surgery for patients with complications of type 2 diabetes and related to obesity. Many of the surgeries are not pleasant for the patients and the staff if we are including some of the worst embolectomy, wounded bridement, amputation of limbs and other operations. The way to tackle and promote physical activity, healthy diet and healthy weight, which contributes to optimal physical health and wellbeing, requires a multi-strategy approach. It is really important to highlight that all of the amendments that are put forward are different. That adds to the fact that it is a multiple strand approach that is required. With the Scottish Government having outlined that the delivery of ambitious actions such as increasing levels of physical activity, the aim to improve diet and the healthy weight, it is important that we use a multiple strand approach to achieve those aims. I agree that improved mobility, potentially through appropriate weight loss, can lead to improved confidence to support against falls. I agree with Alec Cole-Hamilton's words regarding older persons fear of falling. It is a major fear, which has been highlighted. Again, I have looked after many post hip fracture patients and sometimes rehabilitation can take a long time for them. I agree with the Government's motion, which states acknowledges the shared responsibility across all society to help achieve this vision, including across national and local government as well as the public, private, third and community sectors. I would like to pay a little attention to that. There are many across our communities who choose to engage, participate and support others through social prescribing programmes. Minister Claire Hoche briefed me in the quickest of conversations before I joined health and sport committee about what social prescribing was all about. Since then, I have been exploring how social prescribing can help in many ways, whether walking football or walking netball or Tai Chi. We know that it is not necessary to increase the heart rate to lose weight. Increase in physical activity is what can contribute to that. The Fixing Dad programme, which I have mentioned in chamber before, was created by Anthony and Ian Whittington, who helped their dad lose seven stone—that is almost 44 kilos. They helped their dad lose so much weight by helping to support him in a socially prescribed, family-engaged way so that Geoff could get on his bike. I welcome the work that Anthony and Ian have done. Perhaps the Scottish Government could review some of the merits and evidence from the Fixing Dad model of social prescribing. From today, it is about physical activity, diet and healthy weight, and the contribution that makes to health and wellbeing. I want to highlight the recent research published by the Scottish Government, which explores the link between food, the environment and the planning system. The Scottish Government consultation paper, A Healthcare Future, identifies Scotland's obesity rates as among the highest in the developed world. The consultation, which ran from October 17 to January 18, included over 30 proposed actions to improve the Scottish lifestyle and reduce public health harm. Improving the food environment is critical to that aim, and the consultation document makes it clear that a wide range of regulatory and other actions are needed to make healthier choices easier wherever we eat. Amongst the points that stood out to me included that access to outlets selling healthy food near schools was noted as decreasing the odds of being overweight or obese near schools, and the closer a person lived to a fast food outlet, the more likely they were to be obese. Issues of health and how it relates to planning is also something that we took evidence on at the Health and Sport Committee. In addition, I love the easy suggestions for increasing physical activity, such as simple things such as getting off the bus one stop ahead of your destination. Sometimes simple solutions or suggestions can be the easiest way to achieve big gains. I would also like to highlight one of the actions that I took locally. I do not know if you have got time. I will need to be very swift. I will put that up on my social media. In conclusion— Who needs a Parliament? I would like to welcome this debate. I look forward to the Scottish Government engaging with members from across the sector. The third sector is an indeed chamber to allow us to create a healthier nation. Thank you very much. I call Tom Mason, followed by John Mason. John Mason will be the last speaker in the open debate. Mr Mason, please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. The fact that we, as a nation, have a problem with diet and exercise should sadly come as no surprise to us here in Parliament. We have seen study, case after case, confirming this to be the truth. The fact that we have two new delivery plans published today is to be welcomed, as they should be, but let us not kid ourselves that somehow these will be a magic one solution to all our problems. Another day, another Government strategy. Do not get me wrong, the ambition is laudable. I cannot, however, in good conscience stand here and say that we are making good progress. Life expectancy in Scotland fell last year under the SNP, Presiding Officer. It fell for the first time in nearly four decades. This is not progress and it is simply not acceptable. We need to fundamentally consider how we go about this, and one of the key pillars here in the neglecting so far by Scottish Government is the process of early intervention. We need to really spend time working out why school kids prefer going for a chip role at lunchtime rather than something healthier. We need to work out how to tell them what the alternatives are better, because right now, the message is not getting through. I thought that it was a no as well. Yes, Mr Crawford. I am very grateful for the member giving way, but is he seriously saying that it is the Scottish Government's responsibility entirely that people are going to chip vans, to fast food outlets, that the age of people who are dying is dropping. Is he seriously saying that it is entirely at the fault of the Scottish Government? I find that quite a ridiculous statement for you to make in this debate. We expect Government to take a lead in those matters in order to show good practice. We need to figure out how best to convince pupils that physical education is far better for them than updating their Instagram profile. Too many are losing out and not nearly enough has been done to ensure that every pupil in Scotland has access to sufficient hours of PE in secondary schools. I hope that this will be a key focus for ministers going forward because the current situation where nearly 80 per cent of school children are not getting the right amount of physical activity every day is not good enough. It cannot be the case, Presiding Officer, that strategies and consultations that are put out by this Government are now only focused or bewildering. There needs to be clarity of objective at a much smaller scale than in the case now, so that outside groups can understand the pacific intentions behind each individual policy. Again, that is a simple case at the moment or at least not according to the chairman of the National Obesity Forum. Parents and families have a role to play as well. Even the best food education cannot offset a situation where parents are not providing healthy meals for their children. When more than 502 to four-year-olds are referred to weight management service in one three-year period, it is vital that parents take responsibility and heed the advice given. In addition, we need to have a food procurement agenda that puts fresh and locally sourced nutritious food at the heart of our thinking across the board in schools, hospitals and in every authority right across Scotland. Let's not lose sight of the end goal and the opportunities that are the healthiest Scotland will bring. At the same time, we can unlock billions of pounds in productivity for our economy and ensure that obesity and weight management does not continue to take hundreds of millions from our NHS, meaning that we know that we can do better use if progress is made on personal fitness and wellbeing. Presiding Officer, we had plenty of strategies but not enough progress. Too much talking, not enough action. We know that we have a problem, so let us resolve to fix it before it is too late for a generation of Scots. The time for action is now, so let's not fall short. I think that there has been a lot of agreement today—maybe slightly accepting the last speech—but I am not aiming to be too different from what others have been saying. I certainly agree with many others that there are a number of factors in our citizens achieving a healthy weight. First, I would say that the individual citizen has a role and we as the public sector also have a role. That is what we have found with smoking and alcohol, and partly it can be legislation, taxation and education, but it also has to be about individuals choosing a more healthy lifestyle. On physical activity, Brian Whittle did not disappoint with his emphasis on sport, and I completely agree with that. That is obviously part of the answer. However, it would be fair to say that not everyone is into sport and there are other ways of getting the physical exercise that we all need. On yesterday's debate on rail, I mentioned that I had used the train seven times on Saturday, and that involved a fair bit of walking because the train does not always go exactly where you want to be. I very much agree with Alison Johnstone that the idea that we should put more into public transport will automatically have a help on physical exercise. I give that example just to show that we can be physically active without doing sport. When it comes to schools and young people, we have the double problem of parking at schools and youngsters not walking or cycling to school. I know that East Lothian has trialled exclusion zones for vehicles around schools and therefore encouraging more youngsters to walk as well as reducing the parking problem. I wonder whether that is something that we need to look at more nationally and try to roll that out, because Glasgow has been a bit reluctant to go down that route. Sport will be the physical activity of choice for many people, and I have to say that I am delighted at the investment that has been in the east end of Glasgow, particularly around the Commonwealth Games, the Emirates, the Tollcross Pool and the Hockey at Glasgow Green. Football remains the most popular sport for many people, and the cost of hiring pitches remains to be a problem. I think that some of the things that Liz Smith was talking about identify with. Brian Whittle agreed with me that in our time to play football you could put the jerseys down and have a game of football, but these days hiring 4G pitches is now the norm and the cost of participation has gone up. I think that that is exactly the point, because I think that people's expectations have gone up and that is good, and we do not have the blaze pitches so much now, but the new pitches cost money. I know that Glasgow City Council and Glasgow Life subsidise pitch higher, but that remains a big challenge still in poorer areas, where parents frankly do not have the spare cash for the kids going to the football club. That applies to athletics at the likes of Crown Point, where Mr Whittle and I spent a pleasant evening recently. That brings in the subject of preventative spend, which is one of the underlying themes of today's debate. It is better to help people to prevent people from getting obese in the first place, rather than waiting until they are and trying to fix it. That might mean spending more on subsidising football pitches, but the challenge is where to disinvest to free up the money. Should we cut hospital budgets in order to fund sports activities? What would happen if that meant less money for the hospitals? Clearly diet is a major factor, and we have been focusing on that today as well. I think that it is both a question of what we eat, but also how much we eat, which some other members have mentioned. I do think that the odd can of iron brew or bar of chocolate is okay, but it is the volumes that some people are consuming that is the problem. Frankly, some restaurants are guilty on the question of portion size too. Even if the food is healthy, the portion size sometimes is far too big. I have to say that in our canteen here in this Parliament we can be guilty of that as well. I agree that there is also an issue with what people are eating and we should be moving to promote healthier food. I would maintain that some of our traditional meals are pretty healthy, for example mints and tatties or stew, and they do not have to be that expensive, although I take Alison Johnson's point that they are not always available cheap plate locally. Generally speaking, mints and tatties for four will probably cost less than four fish suppers. However, there is an issue with traditional cooking skills having been on the decline, and there is a need for education in that regard. I think that obesity stigma is a tricky area, because on the one hand we are saying that obesity is not a good thing, so we do not want to say at the same time that it is okay to be obese, but I do agree that we need to tackle any discrimination in employment and potentially related mental health problems. I fear that there are not easy answers to a lot of that, but I do very much agree with the overall theme that as we have tackled smoking and alcohol we do need to tackle obesity. Alex Cole-Hamilton for the Liberals. Six minutes, please, Mr Cole-Hamilton. Thank you again, Deputy Presiding Officer. This has not at all been the pedestrian debate that it could have been. I think that there has been a lively and vibrant set of contributions from right across the chamber, and I have really been struck by the level of consensus that has been achieved. Thank you, Joe Fitzpatrick, for setting the tone on that. I am very grateful for the inclusive approach to the debate, and that is typical of his approach as minister in the time that I have had to work with him since he started. I absolutely associate myself with the priority areas that he identified around active lifestyle and diet, leadership across all sectors and linking government policy across portfolio. It is very easy in the dark vaults of government for people to work in isolation, but on something as important to this we cannot afford for complacency. He was right to reference the fact that WHO have said that Scotland needs a whole systems approach, and I think that we see the measure of that in the plans that are being taken forward. He was rightly intervened by Miles Briggs about price hikes in our nation's capital, and I hope that he will continue to put pressure on his colleague, council leader Adam McVeigh, to walk back any plans to increase the cost of physical activity in the city. On transforming the food environment, on focusing on children and young people, and on type 2 diabetes, we need to work to absolutely capture the range of interventions that we have at our disposal. In terms of children and young people, and this speaks very much to my values as a former youth worker, it is not just about looking to expand the daily mile, but right across this country, particularly for children who are disengaged from school, who arguably are most likely to have the hardest health outcomes. We need to work to redress the systemic erosion of youth work that has happened in recent years, and find means of boxing clever when getting activity to those children who need it most. Brian Whittle, who knows a thing or two about physical activity, as he never tells us, offered some forensic analysis of what happens at school. That was a theme that was picked up by Liz Smith. He addressed the issue of the fundamental and undeniable link between diet and educational attainment. It is not rocket science, I will, because I was mean. Brian Whittle, what did he say? He was glad to know what we mean by that. Thank you for taking the intervention. One of the things that I was trying to talk about was the way in which we discussed it. I have to say that I like to talk about nutrition, I do not like to talk about diet, because diet in my view is diet with a T in the end of it, and we need to start talking more about nutrition. I think that that point is well made, and it speaks to the fact that nomenclature matters here, how we describe things matters here. David Stewart's contribution, I enjoy serving with David very much on the health committee, and he knows a lot about this, he cares a lot about this. He was quite right to identify the over-medicalisation of some of those problems at the expense of that fundamental recognition that a lot of those are social problems, and there are symptoms of wider social problems, whether that is social exclusion, poverty and a range of other inequalities that exist. I congratulate him on his dinner last night, I'm sorry I couldn't attend, but 260,000 of our fellow Scots are suffering from type 2 diabetes. Alison Johnston, I associate with that remark, because I think that active travel matters. It matters in my constituency. We have two of the most polluted thoroughfares in all of Scotland, and one of the five point plan that I have identified is about investing heavily in active travel, so I'm happy to support that. That's absolutely important, but she, in an exchange with John Mason, also talked about the existence of something called food desert, so it's very easy to say that if you can have the means to cook a meal from scratch, you can do so cheaply and more effectively, but that's of no use to people who are two and a half miles away from the nearest fresh fruit and vegetables. Moving on to Bruce Crawford's excellent contribution, full disclosure, I did have the mac and cheese. I went for the skinny fries though, I think that counts, doesn't it? It's different. We talked about the natural capital that we as a country have at our disposal in terms of physical activity, and I think that we should never tire of reminding ourselves of the beautiful country that we live in and the asset that represents. Liz Smith, again another contributor, significantly more active than I am, took my intervention, and I'm glad that she did, because I think that it's really important that our kids understand how the food that they eat in their schools and in their homes gets their plate. That will start a lifelong interest, which will pay health dividends. I won't talk about Stuart Stevenson in the night that I ended up in the same Thai restaurant as him. He clearly waxed most of his ration book on what I saw him consume that night. Ian Gray picked up again on the school meals issue, and I am delighted that we'll be supporting the Labour amendment, because it's absolutely right that free school meals are only there during term time, and we need to recognise that that's a huge yawning gap, particularly in the summer months. I'll finish with this, Presiding Officer. First of all, I thank Emma Harper, because her contributions are always very important to these debates. Her lived experience as a nurse lends a lot to the health committee, as it does to those as well. Her insight particularly around hip fractures and support for our full strategy is very welcome indeed. Hippocrates said, let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food. That's a very ancient quote, but it's still very aposite to this debate today. I was struck in my early days on the health committee. I can't remember who it was, but we had a leading clinician say that the six best doctors that we have at our disposal in Scotland are sunlight, air, exercise, sleep, water and vegetables. I can't think of a better way of summing up the preventative and proactive agenda that we're all forging together tonight. I call Alison Johnson to close for the Green Party. Six minutes, please, Ms Johnson. I agree with colleagues that this by and large has been a very positive debate consensual, even though the Government and the Conservatives feel unable to support my very reasonable amendment. The thing is that I feel that I know that you both want to, so I think that we can get there. I think that it is important to discuss figures even in our policy debates, yes, certainly. The doubling of the active transport budget, what is not in that headline figure, is the additional leverage in terms of the money that comes from local government as part of the packages for those that deliver the £25 per head that Alison Johnson is asking for. Alison Johnson. I appreciate that local government does have a part to play, but I think that it's absolutely key that government show real leadership on this important agenda. There is much more that we could do together with local government. I welcome the fact that the minister spoke of the need to restrict the marketing of unhealthy foods. Scottish Greens welcomed that. We had a manifesto commitment for a levy on supermarkets and mass retailing of high-sugar, high-fat content food. As he pointed out, there is public support for that, because we all pay for the outcomes when people don't eat healthily for a whole variety of reasons. He also spoke of the need to change formulations and the impact on the NHS of diabetes. Dave Stewart spoke of the fact that diabetes is costing the NHS and us £1 billion a year. Diabetes is worthy if it is its own debate, but it is clearly obesity-related and it is relevant to all the issues that we are discussing in this debate today. It is a really important debate because healthy life expectancy has stalled in this very wealthy country. We will support the Conservative amendment today because I welcome the fact that it acknowledges that inclusivity is key to good health. As I said previously, Brian Whittle suggested that he had huge sympathy for our amendment. I am looking forward to discussing that with him at a later date and ensuring that we have support for that when it becomes a firm budget ask. I do think to Brian Whittle's book of the fact that the school estate has a role here. Nurseries and schools have a role to play here. We all do, parents, teachers and the third sector. I think that that issue of schools in their proximity to junk food is one that we need to discuss further. I attended, I went to visit the breadwinner bakery during apprentices week in my own region of Lothian. When I came out of that impressive visit, there was a queue of school children visiting a burger van in the industrial estate. I have to say that was behind the school that I attended. There is work to do there. They were choosing to leave the school campus and come into this industrial estate setting to visit the van. I am absolutely certain that there would have been healthier options available within the school grounds. I think that volunteering is an issue that is key to this delivery of physical education. We want to make sure that it is affordable and that those who have skills to offer get the chance to do so. Volunteering is good for the volunteer and it is good for those who benefit from the skills that they can offer. I think that looking at the cost of access to facilities is really important, too. I think that David Stewart spoke about the obesity-genic environment. Today I have sat in committee, I have sat in this chamber. Tonight I will be sitting as I chair a two-hour meeting, a public meeting held by Spokes, the Lothian cycling campaign. It is important that we have an opportunity to build activity into our days wherever that is possible. I now live six miles from Parliament, so I have cycled in this morning. I will cycle home tonight. I think that we need to have a discussion about how we enable people to be active during the day. We have a role to play in being the best role models that we possibly can. Alex Cole-Hamilton's on-going support for a firm look at falls and the impact that it has is welcome. If older people remain physically active, they are more likely to have the strength that will prevent them from falling and will enable them to continue to be physically active. I am glad that the diet and healthy weight strategy acknowledges the importance of breastfeeding. I certainly agree that we need new specialist support from mothers and babies who have been breastfeeding for around six to eight weeks. We know at that point that that is when rates tail off. I was dismayed by recent changes to breastfeeding support across the NHS Lothian area, where some much-needed and well-regarded drop-in support has been discontinued and effectively replaced by a triaged appointment-based system. I appreciate an update from minister on changes in that area and priorities in that area, in Lothian in particular. Colleagues have addressed this, but we have to address the fact that the missing ingredient in so many of our plans and our best intentions to eat well and move more is the lack of time that we might have in our days. As much as we want to, it can be hard to find the time to cook with our families and friends, difficult to shop often for fresh food in the middle of a busy week and difficult to prioritise taking part in sports or having the time to meet with friends who are playing those sports when we are feeling overburdened and overstretched. If we want to improve people's diets and activity levels for the better, we have to be honest about the value that we place on making sure that people have leisure time and the cash to enjoy that leisure time. It is fundamental to living healthily, but too many people, particularly those in high stress, low-paid occupations, just do not get enough of it. All too often, it can seem that there is a tension between our working lives and living healthily. While we can make changes to our communities and the food we eat in our workplace and the amount of time that we spend physically inactive, we need to ask whether we are getting that overall shape of our working week right a debate for another day. I thank you, Presiding Officer. Thank you very much, Presiding Officer. As other members have said, I think that this has been an excellent debate with well-argued contributions from across the chamber. There was a strong consensual spirit in the debate, and that is why Labour is supporting the Scottish Government motion and all the amendments that are here today. Although I note, Presiding Officer, that my spirit of co-operation has not been reciprocated by a couple of parties in the chamber, but, as always, I believe in the future that you should always support sinners who will then repent. As we have heard, over a quarter of adults in Scotland are obese, and the Labour amendment has particularly emphasised the health inequality element of the debate. Members will also be aware that being obese can increase the risk of individuals developing many potential serious health conditions, including, as I said before, type 2 diabetes and several types of cancer. The key point is that the risk of obesity varies across Scotland, with obesity seen in 21 per cent of women living in affluent areas, compared with 37 per cent in deprived areas. Iain Gray flagged up a key element of our amendment, which is that holiday hangars are a scandal for school children that can be allowed to continue. That is why I would like to flag up the successful club 365 programme in North Lanarkshire, which feeds children to qualify for free school meals throughout the holidays. I am sure that, in the wind-up, the relevant minister will mention whether that can be rolled out across the country. In terms of the debate, Brian Whittle made some very sensible points about looking after the health of healthcare workers, which is extremely important, not least in looking at the flu vaccine proportions in each health board area. The important role of the third sector organisations and the point that we all agree with is better use of school estate for sporting activities after hours seems very sensible. Alison Johnstone made some very strong points about health inequality. I would agree with our general thrust that we should be increasing walking and cycling budgets. That makes sensible development for the future. Alex Cole-Hamilton made a very good speech and made the key point about the challenge that is very high in that being overweight is the second important avoidable health condition. Again, he also stressed the importance of active travel and a link of poverty and social isolation. Bruce Crawford made a very good speech, a fantastic advert for his constituency in Stirling. I particularly flag up the important development of the daily mile, which originated from a school in this area. I was astounded to find that 3,500 schools across the world had copied that excellent initiative. Liz Smith talked about one of her first speeches in Parliament during the free school meals debate and the importance of locally sourced food and the combination nutrition education environment activity, as points I would strongly agree with. Stuart Stevenson has always had a very wide historic sweep, if I can use that point. He never answered my point about his role in the Boer War, but I am sure that I will find that at some stage. He did make an important point about the ending of sugar rationing and the importance of the relative low instances of type 2 diabetes during the war, particularly because of the lower levels of fat and sugar, which is a very important point. I have already mentioned Ian Gray in the debate, but he also talked about the active schools programme, and there is a fellow football fan, although not his particular team. I am very interested in what Hibbs community foundation is doing, and I will certainly be raising that with my colleagues at Inverness, Cally Thysolff and I see them hopefully at the weekend. Emma Harper, I also agreed with her point about the Fixing Dad programme. I was at the cross-party group when that presentation came along, and the fact that we have a very strong element of social prescribing is something that I would like to see the Scottish Government roll out across the piece. John Mason made some very good points about the important levers that we as a Parliament can do. If we all look at the important role of the smoking ban on public health, what other public health solutions can we develop as parliamentarians, particularly in public transport and in preventative spend? In conclusion, Health and Inequality is the root of the debate. Poverty, social deprivation and inequality are significant contributors to those being overweight, and it is the least well-off who are at most at risk. Why should your postcode determine your life expectancy? As Martin Luther King said, of all the forms of inequality, injustice and healthcare is the most shocking and the most inhumane. Thank you very much. I thought for one dreadful moment Stuart Steamson was going to intervene on you and explain about his role in the Boer war, but mercifully we were spared it. I now call on Miles Briggs to close the Conservatives. Seven minutes please, Mr Briggs. I would like to start by saying that I think that this has been a useful and good debate this afternoon in Parliament. To reassure Alison Johnson that I hope that one day we will see a Conservative-green coalition in this Parliament, so don't give up bringing forward your amendments. It is clear from all the contributions that we have seen today that improving people's diets and increasing their levels of physical activity is one of the biggest health challenges that faces Scotland. The benefits of a person's health of good diet and regular exercise are clear. The current health landscape and health inequalities in Scotland are unacceptable. We have the lowest life expectancy in the UK and the lowest life expectancy of most other Western European countries. This has been the case for too many years now and the health of the people of Scotland is not showing the signs of improving that we all want to see. Two thirds of adults are overweight and almost a third are now classed as obese. What is even more worrying is that almost a third of children are at risk now of being overweight and obese. Our record on health inequalities in this country is most pronounced in the poorest communities that we represent and that is the fact that we need to work especially hard to address. David Stewart outlined that being overweight and obese significantly increases someone's risk and chances of developing type 2 diabetes, heart disease, muskies, skeletal conditions and cancer. Obesity is the second biggest preventable cause of cancer after smoking and is on track now to become the biggest preventable cause of cancer in the future. Type 2 diabetes makes up a significant proportion of NHS Scotland's drug costs. However, it is preventable and reversible with individuals being able to go into remission with exercise and a healthier lifestyle. It is estimated to cost NHS Scotland now up to £600 million a year and for the Scottish society and our wider economic impact taken into consideration up to £4.6 billion per year. I agree with my colleague Brian Whittle who would speak on this for hours if he was given the opportunity that improving Scotland's attitude towards eating well and exercising more regularly needs to be at the heart of our schools and our society. As many members have said, it is our responsibility to teach our young people the important lessons of eating well and to help them to develop good lifestyle habits for keeping them physically active. I attended the Hindu community's Diwali celebrations here in Edinburgh at the weekend and one of the values that I had not realised which the Hindu religion has is that every parent is equivalent of 100 teachers, which is something that I thought we should all take into account in this context as well. In what is the year of the young person, we also need to ensure that our school pupils have the meals and best nutritional value and access to physical activity that we can achieve. I make no apologies and a number of members have raised this for raising the issue of access to our school estate. It is an issue that I have consistently raised and I continue to see the limited opportunities for community groups to deliver after school physical activities and clubs here in my region in Lothia. It is also important to consider how every level of government in Scotland will look to prioritise the two new delivery plans. As I have already stated, this summer, the City of Edinburgh Council proposed price hikes to sports halls and local groups here in the capital. The proposal is, I believe, totally counterintuitive to what we are trying to achieve. I am pleased that, following my intervention in that of other Lothian MSPs and colleagues, the council has now proposed the increase until January. However, it is therefore important that, in the coming weeks and months, the minister and all of us must look to make sure that a genuine joined-up approach throughout Scotland is taken forward if we are truly going to make sure that Scotland is a healthier nation. The expansion of weight management services tailored to support the needs of individuals is something that I think can make a real difference to a person and massively reduce their chances of contracting diseases that are associated with being overweight and obese. It is clear that there needs to be resources and organisations that are made available to help to build up the infrastructure around weight management services and tailor them to an individual. I recently learned of a partnership between Scottish slimmers and a local GP practice on the Isle of Skye, which is helping to provide assisted weight loss to patients there. That sort of innovative approach that I hope we will see coming forward out of those delivery plans and for that cultural shift to happen in Scotland where people have better quality access to food exercise and a holistic approach is obviously required. Scottish Conservatives have already supported banning of multi-bys that promote food with low nutritional value and are actively encouraging people to often overproduce and over-consume. They support labelling on packaging so that consumers can make informed decisions. It is encouraging also from this debate to learn that a record number of schools are receiving Sports Scotland awards and a record number of 309,000 young people attending active school lessons this year. The third sector organisations such as West Lothian Youth Foundation are doing exceptional work here in our local communities. The foundation uses football to promote the health development of education for people across West Lothian. The charity has a range of initiatives and encourages participation and accessibility to all. In fact, during the course of this very debate they tweeted me to ask that I advertise the fact that they are offering free football games. They offer this to 11 to 15-year-olds on every Friday. For those interested and I suppose carrying on the theme of Bruce Crawford, Stuart Stevenson and Alex Cole-Hamilton, this is taking place at Livingston Football's Tony Macaroni's arena tomorrow if you have any time. It is those charities and organisations such as West Lothian Youth Foundation that can make a real difference to our communities and we should be providing them with all the support that we possibly can to make this positive change. Everyone in this chamber agrees that Scotland's relationship with food and exercise needs to improve and that Scottish Conservatives on those benches were committed to working with the Government and all parties across this chamber to make that happen. I would make the final point to the Scottish National Party ministers and the Government that to produce the strategies, action plans, working groups, task force or the two delivery plans today is welcome. To quote Willie Wennie from First Minister's Questions today, if we are going to make a difference this is as much as a piano in a pigsty if they are not going to deliver the change that we all want to see and that they must be outcomes driven. If we can make sure that they are outcomes driven you will have the support of these benches. Thank you very much and I call on Jane Freeman to close with the Government, Cabinet Secretary, till decision time please. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I'm delighted to have the opportunity to close this debate on what are two very important and interconnected issues that are so vitally important to our individual health but also to having a healthy nation. I'm grateful to colleagues across the chamber for the content and tone of the debate. I will do my best to respond to some of the questions that were raised. Can I start, Mr Briggs, just because it's in my mind and I hadn't written it down otherwise I'd forget? Can we collectively agree that we're going to drop the idea of pigsties and pianos from now on? To answer your substantive point, the plans are outcome focused for the very reasons that you point to. None of the ministers in the health portfolio have much time at all for strategies and plans that don't have a purpose and that we follow through on. What is important in this debate and important to recognise, as colleagues have done, is that the issues that we're dealing with are complex and they can be difficult but that is no reason not to tackle them. Indeed, in the spirit in which we've had this debate it cannot be beyond our collective wit to come up with real plans and real initiatives that we drive forward and that do make a difference. We've said before in terms of health debates that one of the challenges for our health service is not simply to meet the health needs that people currently have in Scotland but to tackle the generations coming behind us so that they don't repeat the same problems that the rest of us may well face. Let me turn to what members have said is best I can. I agreed with much of what Brian Whittle said. It doesn't often happen but it did today. I think that it's really important to talk about the input of children into school menus and it's also important to recognise that that is growing. It's important to recognise in terms of the school-e-state that 79 per cent of primary and 98 per cent of secondary school sports facilities are available to the local community where there are difficulties where we have PFI schools and they can restrict those matters. In terms of planning, which Mr Whittle introduced but other members made the point also in terms of what the planning happens around the school gates in terms of the fast food outlets that might appear there, we agree and I also agree that there are mixed messages then if we're saying to children in school a better nutrition, better diet, be involved in all of this and then the burger van is immediately outside. We've committed to looking at this in the review of planning policy and the national planning framework, which we'll begin after the Parliament has taken a view on the current planning bill. What I think is really important about what Mr Whittle said was the central point, which is what drives the behaviours and how do we change the relationship that we collectively have in Scotland between food, physical activity, nutrition and drink and so on. That is the central point and it is the hardest one to crack if I'm perfectly frank and I don't think that any of us have the absolute answer to that. There are a number of steps that have already been taken that are proving to have some results. For example, the mandatory nutrition criteria for retail outlets in the national health service in Scotland, which requires that 50 per cent of food and 70 per cent of drink is offered as a healthier choice and has limitations on what can be promoted. The recent evaluation of that initiative has shown that healthy food purchases have increased in those outlets from 11 per cent to 47 per cent and in terms of healthy drinks from 47 per cent to 76 per cent. There are levers that you can pull that begin to help people to make healthier choices. Brian Whittle I thank the cabinet secretary for taking intervention. If she would agree with me, how we frame the conversation is going to be hugely important. To Bruce Crawford's point about this mac and cheese, there is nothing wrong with having mac and cheese. I would suggest to him that he should have broccoli with it and Mr Cole Hamilton. It is how we frame the conversation that is important. Cabinet secretary, I agree absolutely. It goes to a point that both Alison Johnstone and Ian Gray made in their own ways. Alison Johnstone made an important point about how we have this conversation in order to be very careful about what we are saying about body image and ideal shape. There are particularly important issues for young women, but generally for everyone, we need to be careful. I think that John Mason also talked about not shaming people in this. Ian Gray made the point about a diversity of approaches, which is very important. We can hark back to the days when I was at school. I absolutely hated sport, but I love dancing. Now, in some of our schools, especially in secondary school, dancing is a physical activity option. Indeed, I joined in in my local secondary school. It is how we keep young people actively engaged in activity, especially as they move into secondary schools. Mr Stewart, David Stewart, I agree with much of your amendment. I simply regret that we cannot support it because it is deleting what we consider to be an important part of our motion. That is a pity, but I am glad that you raised the important point about type 2 diabetes. Work is going on in that, especially in NHS Fife, where there is a particular initiative that, if the data proves that it is effective, we will look to roll that out across the rest of our health service. Your point about holiday hunger is well made by you and others. There are a number of initiatives going on in local authorities across the country that are gaining some momentum. Alison Johnstone, as I said, made an important point about body image. I welcome the fact that she recognises the increase in spending on active travel. The problem that we have with the amendment from Ms Johnstone and from the Greens is that it seeks to make budget decisions outside of budget discussions. However, I know that she will and her party, I am sure, will pursue that particular point in the budget discussions that they have with Mr Mackay. We support the amendment from Liberal Democrats. Alex Cole-Hamilton makes an important point about the work on falls and fractures in the consequential impact that that work has in reducing social isolation and loneliness. Liz Smith and others talked about the importance of school kitchens, menus and so on. Everyone really touched on the fact that this is a partnership. Yes, of course, the Scottish Government has a responsibility to lead, but we need to do much of this work in partnership with local authorities, with our health service, our third sector and, indeed, with the public and private sectors. I will make one final point before I move on. A number of members highlighted work in their own constituencies and regions in schools, with the third sector and with football clubs. I would make a point about, for example, the work that Cymru juniors have undertaken, making a connection between schools and physical activity and particularly focusing that on people who are particularly inactive and on young women and girls. The final couple of points that I would make, Presiding Officer, is that I think that we recognise that we are not going to solve all of these issues over the course of one electoral cycle, but sustaining the momentum over the long term is absolutely crucial. It is important that we continue the spirit of this debate, the tone of this debate, in how we collectively work together, not only to deliver the plans that the debate's main motion focuses on, but also to be open to new ideas and new initiatives that other members may want to bring forward. I speak on behalf of my colleagues on either side of me, and the work that we have to do is that we are very open to having those conversations and looking at those additional ideas about how we move those things forward. The core point that I will go back to, as Mr Whittle said, is about changing the mindset that we have individually and collectively in terms of how we want to live a healthier life. Living longer is good, living longer and more healthily is even better. I commend the motion and indeed the debate to the Parliament. That concludes our debate on physical activity, diet and healthy weight. The next item of business is consideration of parliamentary bureau motion 14762 on behalf of the committee membership. I ask Graeme Dey on behalf of the bureau to move the motion. We will hear motion 14762 at decision time, to which we will come in a few seconds. We are at decision time. The first question is amendment 14749.1, in the name of Brian Whittle, who seeks to amend motion 14749 in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick, on physical activity, diet and healthy weight, be agreed. Are we agreed? Yes. We are agreed. The next question is amendment 14749.3, in the name of David Stewart, who seeks to amend motion 14749 in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick, be agreed. Are we agreed? No. We are not agreed. We will move to our vote. Members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 14749.3, in the name of David Stewart, is yes, 24. Yes, 24, no, 78. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question is amendment 14749.4, in the name of Alison Johnson, who seeks to amend motion 14749.4, in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick, be agreed. Are we agreed? No. We will move to our division. Members may cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment 14749.4, in the name of Alison Johnson, is yes, 23. No, 79. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question is amendment 14749.2, in the name of Alex Cole-Hamilton, who seeks to amend motion 14749.2, in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick, be agreed. Are we agreed? Yes. We are agreed. The next question is that motion 14749, in the name of Jo Fitzpatrick, as amended, on physical activity diet and healthy weight, be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are agreed. The final question is that motion 14762, in the name of Graham Day, on committee membership, be agreed. Are we all agreed? Yes. We are agreed and that concludes decision time. I close this meeting. Y Llywodraeth Cymru.