 The Robson classification was used to analyze the contribution of different obstetric populations to changes in caesarean section rates in low-income and middle-income countries. It was found that caesarean section rates increased in all countries, with the exception of Japan. Induction, pre-labour caesarean sections, and overall caesarean section rates increased in all countries, with the highest increases seen in very high-the-high and low-HDI countries. Additionally, the use of caesarean sections among multiple women increased in moderate and low-HDI countries, while the proportion of women who had previously had a caesarean section increased in those same countries. This suggests that caesarean section rates may be driven by a combination of factors, including the use of induction and pre-labour caesarean sections. As well as previous caesarean sections. This article was authored by Dr. Joshua P. Fogel, M.B.B.S., Anna Pilabitran, Ph.D., Nadia Vindevigal, M.D., and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.