 Peptic ulcer disease is the disease of, not exactly disease, a condition, a clinical condition where there is an ulceration, meaning a wound in the stomach. Peptic, coined from the name Peptic Acid, Peptic Acid is found in the gastric. So sometimes you hear gastric ulcer, you hear Peptic Ulcer, they're not physically different, they are just relating to the stomach. The only other different type of ulcer is diodenal ulcer, which is just the next organ after the stomach. The stomach, which is the sac that contains food, also contains gastric acid or Peptic Acid that helps to break down protein. What Peptic there is directly related to protein. So it helps to break down protein, but over time, there could be hypersecretion of this acid that could now cause a breakdown in the walls of the stomach. Now this stomach was originally contains mucous membranes or mucosa that prevents this acid from eating up the stomach lining. For some reasons, again, this mucous membrane could also be reduced or absent and further allow this acid to eat up the stomach. And when this happens, you come down with what you call the Peptic Ulcer disease. Peptic Ulcer disease can be caused by a couple of things. One of them is stress. During stressful moments, there's a hypersecretion of acid, right, just to break down the food in it. It's natural. In the whole body, when you're stressed, the body metabolic rate is increased and intensified, and you have many activities going on, carbohydrates is broken down, more proteins are broken down, fatty acids are broken down to provide one major thing which is glucose to allow you to think. Send glucose to vital organs, one of them is the brain, there is the eye, there is the heart. All these organs want to function optimally. Now the gastric juice is also enhanced to break down any food in your body. So that's why if you just eat and you get into very major activity, not long after you're looking for the food or if you're chewing gum, you know, because those are signs of stress. Now, so stress is one of them, but then when you try stress in an empty stomach, recurrently you are giving room for this acid to act on the walls of your intestine. The second major cause of Peptic Ulcer disease is a bacteria called Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter pylori is the very dangerous bacteria because, I mean, a bacteria that dwells in acid, I usually don't know what you want to do to that bacteria, but basically it stays there and it eats up the lining of the intestine. All right, so this is one of the implicative factors for those who are positive for all cells. One of the third causes is the use of drugs, certain drugs or certain chemical substance that are erosive, okay, caustic soda. One of that one is some of all these drugs you buy on the road, you just ingest them, you swallow them anyhow, especially pain reliefers. That's why you don't just go out to take pain reliefers, just anyhow they affect the stomach and of course they potentiate because what they do is they inhibit that mucus membrane I talked about that prevents the acid from getting on the stomach and then they remove it and you see you have the acid, the direct contact and then you have some ulceration wounds in your stomach and it can get so bad that by the time those wounds get straight to your vessel, it ruptures the vessel and then you are bleeding, so you have people bleeding sometimes, all right. And then one other cause is a genetic factor, so sometimes ulcers can be genetic, all right, it's called the Zolingar Editing Syndrome, where the vigorous nerve that supplies the intestine is hyper stimulated and so you have excessive secretion of acid and listen, this is specific for certain people, okay, just the way some people sweat more than other people, just the way some people, you know, eat more than other people, some people produce saliva, more than other people, you can also produce gastric acid more than other people. Well, the word is try to eat recurrently, don't fast every time, if you're fasting, let me clear that you're fasting, okay, and you want to fast guidedly, okay, maybe with your doctor, you like to see your doctor first and be sure that you're good to go, okay, if not, you don't do it recurrently, okay, what other things can you do to prevent it? Yeah, irrational use of drugs, don't just take drugs because you see them, don't drink chemicals easily, the use of alcohol potentiates it, regular intake of alcohol exposes you the possibilities of coming down with vertical diseases. Now, one other thing is ingestion of diet, what kind of food should you do? Acid, high levels of acid-containing diet should be minimized, right, sometimes you see people taking all kinds of concussions, Hebao concussions, you are exposing yourself to great dangers, okay, where you do all kinds of acid-containing meals or diet, lime, you're trying to mix lime and ginger and you're trying to lose weight, but you are potentiating something else, so it's important that you are careful what you are mixing, prevent it, you don't have to take excessive protein diet, some people like to take roasted meat, for example, what we call soya, locally, you do a lot of soya and you do a lot of alcohol that can potentiate and practical side disease for people, so prevent it by reducing this type of foods, trying not to take a lot of carbonated drinks, alcohol dropped drastically, water is very important and before you do some of these things, please try it, all right, eat your balanced diet, don't skip meals. For busy treatments, you just get to meet your doctor who would prescribe the drugs for you, but you're not supposed to eat heavy foods, but just eat in bits, all right, so you wake up in the morning, you want to sometimes do alkaline water and then a slight breakfast, not anything acidic, a balanced diet is fine, if you must go for it fast, then tell your doctor. Major symptoms, remarkable symptoms of practical side disease is that you have painful sensation here on your upper stomach, many times it gets you to the back, many people have diagnosis of practical side disease, which are really not practical side diseases, they come up to the hospital and say, they say I have ulcer and I say who said and say, well my auntie said, or my uncle said no, you have to have a diagnosis of practical side disease and one of them, like I said, is a test of H. pylori, the other test is which is usually the gold standard, this urobreate test, one of the tests, but the gold standard is an endoscopy where you get to see the internal organ and they show that there's a wound there and this usually happens when there's bleeding from the mouth or from the endos, other symptoms like I said is bleeding, you have bleeding, so you don't just have pain, a pain that spans from this upper stomach down to the back, so it feels like a dagger piercing through you down to the back, it's characteristics of that, especially washing when you're not eating or when you just ate, the moment you're taking food, you feel that sharp pain that winds for a while, so food affects the pain, of course bleeding is one of the side effects, one of the symptoms of practical side disease, either from the mouth or from the endos, one more thing is heartburn, you feel that constricting pain in your heartburn, then lastly, there are many other symptoms, but one of the remarkable symptoms is a headache, you have a persistent headache that can be called a migraine, not necessarily a migraine, but you many will just say oh it's a migraine, but it's not, you notice that that headache coincides with when you have the stomach pain or it precedes the stomach pain, now that is a kind of symptom of a practical side disease, usually it's said that some of the brain cells have some mimicking cells that look like the ulcer cells, whenever the ulcer is firing or whenever the gastric acid is firing, you have the same firing occurring in the brain, you have that headache, whenever you have it, you need to treat properly for practical side diseases.