yt:channel:UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2007-05-10T15:05:05+00:00 yt:video:l4XtRuCC3H8 l4XtRuCC3H8 UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-05-03T16:50:20+00:00 2017-08-03T01:31:46+00:00 Infectious disease in children A discussion with Rishi on infections in children, focusing on the all too common problem of gastrointestinal infections leading to dehydration and possible death. Rishi works on the Osmosis channel, providing concise and well taught medical information on this link. yt:video:klGfXuX5nFw klGfXuX5nFw UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-04-12T13:58:52+00:00 2017-08-03T08:38:27+00:00 Never Events 2, Oral, not intravenous Never give enteral preperations intravenously, this could cause complications such as embolisation, ischaemia, infarction, tissue damage and sepsis. yt:video:8AXhDPKHUTw 8AXhDPKHUTw UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-04-12T11:19:20+00:00 2017-08-06T00:54:07+00:00 Never Events Never events should never happen, make sure there is none on your shift. You can translate this video into your own language using this link http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg&tab=2 yt:video:TU89hYtOnFo TU89hYtOnFo UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-04-01T16:16:27+00:00 2017-07-20T09:03:51+00:00 Cause of disease 4, More details yt:video:H4m-Fr1yPio H4m-Fr1yPio UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-04-01T15:54:50+00:00 2017-07-09T19:36:16+00:00 Cause of Disease 3, More details yt:video:rIolp_IE24U rIolp_IE24U UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-04-01T14:29:17+00:00 2017-08-05T21:11:19+00:00 Cause of Disease 2, Exogenous factors Exogenous factors come from the environment and can cause disease in a person. yt:video:sA--NHgYSMU sA--NHgYSMU UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-04-01T13:39:42+00:00 2017-08-05T21:10:55+00:00 Cause of Disease 1, Endogenous factors Introductory level lesson on the causes of disease. 'Endo' means within, so endogenous factors are those which arrise with the individual and can cause disease. yt:video:ONeGok29r7g ONeGok29r7g UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-03-23T11:28:24+00:00 2017-08-05T21:12:25+00:00 Applied Pharmacology 5, Theraputic Index Therapeutic index is a measure of how safe a drug is, comparing the effective dose with the toxic dose. Notes The therapeutic index (TI) (also called therapeutic ratio) is a comparison of the dose of a drug that causes the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxicity. This describes the margin of safety, accounting for the effective dose, toxic dose and even potential lethal dose. The related terms therapeutic window or safety window refer to a range of doses which optimize between efficacy and toxicity. This is always where we aim to be. High (wide) TI is good for good safety profile, drug has low toxicity Low (narrow) TI is more risky (NTI drugs, narrow therapeutic index), drug more toxic TD (toxic dose) TI = ----- ED (effective dose) TD50 (toxic dose) TI = ----- ED50 (effective dose) Lethal dose Toxicity effects Adverse response threshold Therapeutic window / range Duration of action Sub therapeutic range Desired response threshold Eg, anticoagulants, hypotensives, hypoglycaemics, analgesics, diuretics, Low (narrow) Therapeutic Index drugs Digoxin 2:1 Paracetamol (acetaminophen) 7 gram fatal dose Lithium – nephrotoxicity, ataxia, discordination Warfarin - Gentamycin – nephrotoxic, auditory nerve damage - ototoxicity Vancomycin - nephro Phenytoin, fast uncontrolled eye movements, dizzy confused, poor coordination, slured speech Antidepressants, tricyclics Insulin, AZT, High (wide) TI drugs NSAIDs Benzodiazepines Most antibiotics Furosemide SSRIs Does not include any synergistic effects, e.g. diazepam and alcohol or diazepam and morphine, aspirin and warfarin, pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics effects, eg. Furosemide and ACEIs (oprils) yt:video:X5XoRK8j87o X5XoRK8j87o UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-03-18T18:55:34+00:00 2017-08-05T21:12:16+00:00 Applied Pharmacology 4, Half Life of Drugs Understanding half life is important to inform how and when we administer any medication. These are not casual viewing, but are for serious students who want to understand the essential underpinning concepts of the care we give our patients. Notes Half life t 1/2 Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Bioavailability – the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in unchanged form Half life is the time from peak plasma concentration until half is eliminated Clearance T ½ First order kinetics First order elimination kinetics : "Elimination of a constant fraction per time unit of the drug quantity present. The elimination is proportional to the drug concentration." Zero-order elimination kinetics : The plasma concentration – time profile during the elimination phase is linear (Fig. 1). For example 20 mg are eliminated every hour, independently of the drug concentration in the body. Order 0 elimination is rather less common, mostly occurring when the elimination system is saturated. Eg. Alcohol Phenytoin Warfarin (Coumadin) Heparin Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Over dose of aspirin (normally t ½ = 3-4 hours) Steady state reached after 5 – 6 half lives (3.3 half lives for 90% concentrations), therefore possible loading dose. Drug eliminated after 5 half lives (95% eliminated after 4.5 half lives) Half life t ½ of common drugs Noradrenaline 2 minutes Salbutamol 1.6 hours Morphine 2 – 3 hours Methadone 24 hours Gentamycin 2 – 3 hours Penicillin 6 – 8 hours Diazepam 24 hours Fluoxetine 6 days Warfarin 4 days yt:video:l2H2BRK2RsM l2H2BRK2RsM UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-03-11T22:41:37+00:00 2017-08-01T03:55:06+00:00 Priorities in care What to do first in an emergency, a serious lecture, not for casual viewing. To translate this video into your own language, use this link http://www.youtube.com/timedtext_cs_panel?c=UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg&tab yt:video:xwokh1gMT9Q xwokh1gMT9Q UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-01-17T13:10:10+00:00 2017-08-09T08:31:26+00:00 Applied Pharmacology 3, First Pass Metabolism Notes Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Bioavailability – the proportion of an administered drug that reaches the systemic circulation in unchanged form. First pass metabolism, enzymes in gut wall, hepatocytes, Smooth ER detoxified toxins. yt:video:ZDlqKuxk6bY ZDlqKuxk6bY UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-01-16T15:58:29+00:00 2017-08-09T16:17:14+00:00 Applied Pharmacoogy 2, Local Drug Administration Drugs are often given for local actions. yt:video:Sk88Tx8x0pA Sk88Tx8x0pA UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-01-16T12:22:39+00:00 2017-08-05T21:11:33+00:00 Applied Pharmacology 1, Systemic Drug Administration Drugs may be given for local effect or systemic absorption, this video consideres the systemic routes, enteral and parenteral. yt:video:EIzJta0JZZ0 EIzJta0JZZ0 UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2017-01-12T14:53:12+00:00 2017-07-30T10:51:04+00:00 Acute Kidney Injury 7, Managment Principles A few principles to bear in mind when managing acute kidney injury. yt:video:ZO6VTriZtlU ZO6VTriZtlU UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg Dr. John Campbell https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCF9IOB2TExg3QIBupFtBDxg 2016-12-29T12:28:11+00:00 2017-08-02T04:38:22+00:00 Acute Kidney Injury 6, Clinical observations What to look out for in AKI, clinical features and their meaning. These are full lectures for the serious student.