yt:channel:Ba659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Ba659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2006-05-17T19:52:09+00:00 yt:video:7DKv5H5Frt0 7DKv5H5Frt0 UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2024-01-01T16:00:06+00:00 2024-01-19T10:19:31+00:00 After ten years, it's time to stop weekly videos. Find me here: ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ 🟥➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif 🟥 MAIN SITE: https://www.tomscott.com/ On January 1st, 2014, I uploaded the first "Things You Might Not Know" video. Once the initial rush of videos settled down, I aimed for one video a week, and while there have sometimes been guest videos and occasional blatant filler: to my own satisfaction, I never missed a week. But now, it's time to stop. I never got to space. I never got to the ocean depths. And I never got to fly off into the sunset, harnessed underneath a helicopter. I couldn't find an excuse for that one. CREDITS Producer: Cambria Bailey-Jones Director: Guy Larsen DoP: Jamie MacLeod | https://www.jamiemacleod.co.uk/ Stunt Coordinators: Dilwyn Sanderson-Jones; Scott Heffield Drone Team: Lec Park; Andrew Lawrence Pilot: Will Banks Refueller & Ground Co-Ordinator: Gary Wise BTS: Bryn Williams | https://www.brynscamera.com/ Editor / Colourist: Jamie MacLeod Composer: Ben Squires | https://www.benjaminsquires.co.uk/ Sound Mix: Dan Pugsley | https://www.cassinisound.com/ A Penny4 Production | https://www.penny4.co.uk/ Special thanks to Abi Hensby and the team at GB Helicopters | https://gbhelicopters.com/ "Lifted" by Benjamin Squires is available on streaming platforms: https://distrokid.com/hyperfollow/benjaminsquires/lifted/ MONTAGE VIDEOS IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B98O6LlLT4Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FGxKQvdLrng https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsmjW7-IaSo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRQt_PMhBXY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3WiRunOsWY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPTSSHRnnWw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzfpExS_wic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0zMip62o5E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UaGTFeibOEk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tozuzV5YZ7U https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5te73hfCpuU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1oRaUTbk3k https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-khe6IY9bTM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kjQLT5CKEAU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZLF7yife8YE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DpfrGZJyKmo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UWSckm8zTc8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4ZX9T0kWb4Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iCQEc736GO4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DMKcO-T5Y4o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EN9JzxzDXU0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsWJKyR664s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FO_Ox_dH0M8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2h1s6S4kotE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ef1jPbezKDM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c8W-auqg024 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HuGHV0fbBiE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ELGWbY4xBDs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lLUcOFwZvyY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o38C-ultvw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3fJhTu-0zmo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFWsYJ0_KMI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pk9v3m7Slv8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CwABJGzifao https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=72RxerDwzEo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQIu5tZ0vbQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2nQ-rijlX3o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYGFczNMAMk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Trqqn2xPaY0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0fViGU-Snc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TUKQfMFKfjk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=10Y-gWNJ2Sw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0MqtTlzde0g https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gocwRvLhDf8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2tdiKTSdE9Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ecVHYg4_vZw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMLYLcniXIc https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G025oxyWv0E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xXC6U0NfJg8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=39nNXdBFQhA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xym2R6_Qd7c https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vxfJbW6KDp4 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F0JDK_71yDg yt:video:F0JDK_71yDg F0JDK_71yDg UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-12-25T16:00:08+00:00 2024-01-01T18:05:12+00:00 People are going to be angry about pylons. Britain's power grid is turning inside-out, which means pylons are about to become a lot more controversial in Britain. At the National Grid Training Centre, I climbed one. ■ The "Great Grid Upgrade": https://www.nationalgrid.com/the-great-grid-upgrade National Grid also asked if I'd plug their Early Careers page, for anyone in the UK thinking of joining the industry: https://jobs.nationalgrid.com/UK/content/Early-careers/ Camera: Kamil Manysiak, Nathan Trays, Lauren Morley Local production: Greg May and Matt Ellis at Broadcast Media https://www.broadcastmedia.co.uk/ Editor: Michelle Martin https://twitter.com/mrsmmartin Audio mix: Dan Pugsley https://cassinisound.com Thanks to Dave Brain for camera-sensor-dust paintouts @davebrainvfx 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:Zl_5LT2fzak Zl_5LT2fzak UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-12-18T16:00:18+00:00 2023-12-25T17:00:26+00:00 Why the government drops flies on California There's a good reason for it. ■ More about the program: https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/plant/PDEP/prpinfo/ Edited by Michelle Martin https://twitter.com/mrsmmartin 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:hNZy603as5w hNZy603as5w UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-12-11T16:00:31+00:00 2023-12-16T00:21:52+00:00 A robot just swapped my electric car's battery Nio is a Chinese auto maker that offers an alternative to charging: just swapping out the whole battery whenever you need it. I borrowed one of their cars. ■ Nio: https://www.nio.com/ Camera: Dion Huiskes https://feedbuilders.nl/ Editor: Julian Domanski https://www.juliandomanski.com/ 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:pU9sHwNKc2c pU9sHwNKc2c UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-12-04T16:00:40+00:00 2024-01-06T11:04:54+00:00 Why don't subtitles match dubbing? Translation is really difficult. ■ AD: 👨‍💻 NordVPN's best deal is here: https://nordvpn.com/tomscott - with a 30-day money-back guarantee. 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif 🌐 TRANSLATION CREDITS FRENCH Dubbing Translator: Noreen Ropers, Aurélia Naamani Dubbing Director: Stéphane Valverde Voice Talent: Pascal Nowak Subtitle Translator: Justine Derhourhi HINDI Dubbing Translator: मीनल वि. पाटिल (द स्क्रिप्ट शॉप ) Dubbing Director: अनुज सुरेका Voice Talent: राजेश शुक्ला Subtitle Translator: संवाद अनुवादक: हिमांशु पाल JAPANESE Dubbing Translator: 琢磨 有香里 Dubbing Director: 工藤 美樹 Voice Talent: 橘 潤二 Subtitle Translator: 大渕 誉哉 LATIN AMERICAN SPANISH Dubbing Translator: Regina Barajas Dubbing Director: Aureliano Castillo Voice Talent: Jesse Torres Subtitle Translator: Andrés Negrete BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE Dubbing Translator: André Conchon Dubbing Director: Gilberto de Syllos Voice Talent: Vitor Paranhos Subtitle Translator: Pollyana Tiussi Translation Studio: Iyuno Operations Manager: Coolbe Hung yt:video:LDiXNsWQzD0 LDiXNsWQzD0 UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-11-27T16:00:13+00:00 2023-12-28T10:56:35+00:00 Why use many streetlights when one will do? The moonlight towers of Austin, Texas, are the last urban municipal lighting towers in the world: because before every street was wired to the grid, how else would you light up a city? ■ Austin Energy: https://austinenergy.com/ ■ Moonlight Towers https://www.austintexas.org/listings/moonlight-towers/5895/ Producer: Jodi Shores at Sparksight https://sparksight.com Director: Kelly Shores at @readysetdrone DoP: Noah Killeen Drone: Kris Waters Editor: Michelle Martin https://twitter.com/mrsmmartin 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:jplrbxI5GN8 jplrbxI5GN8 UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-11-20T16:00:29+00:00 2023-12-20T15:56:06+00:00 These tiny ships have a serious purpose At Port Iława in Poland, pilots and captains of massive ships train on 1-to-24 scale ship models: and I got to drive one. ■ The Ship Handling Research and Training Centre: https://www.ilawashiphandling.com.pl/ 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) Edited by Michelle Martin https://twitter.com/mrsmmartin 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:lIbfMjZ0ME4 lIbfMjZ0ME4 UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-11-13T16:00:28+00:00 2024-01-03T02:09:06+00:00 Every mistake I've made since 2014. Time to correct the record. ■ AD: 👨‍💻 NordVPN's Black Friday deal is on: https://nordvpn.com/tomscott - with a 30-day money-back guarantee. ✅ All corrections: https://www.tomscott.com/corrections/ | ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif VIDEOS MENTIONED: 2014 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ko51cynAjzY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ByUPFYxy5vw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gN_PK5pXmIY (Technology Connections' video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zLFG068HtgM ) 2015 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYH1lPm41-0 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZ2Qms2fMH8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTPToO-gfTE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5erVH-zk7Uk 2016 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MVI87HzfskQ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18_6kLLKoEc (Thomas Frank's counterpoint: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKdm5xSZiOA ) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iGjPn8V4O9E https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uz6xOFWi4A https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaSaWfw07Sw 2017 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4aCMDQsx740 2018 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E4nZDSLdIiM 2019 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z5JC9Ve1sfI 2020 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmh819Lfgfs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m__OZ3ZsO4Y 2021 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UmsfXWzvEA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2h1s6S4kotE 2022 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wif1EAgEQKI https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9XSzwbFCFtc 2023 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1yfX84RMQ3M https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZNVuIU6UUiM yt:video:CmZdGo6b5yA CmZdGo6b5yA UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-11-06T16:00:12+00:00 2024-02-09T08:54:49+00:00 Does the language you speak change how you think? No. Mostly. • Written with Molly Ruhl and Gretchen McCulloch. Gretchen's podcast has an episode all about Arrival: https://lingthusiasm.com/post/157167562811/transcript-lingthusiasm-episode-3-arrival-of-the • More Language Files: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL96C35uN7xGLDEnHuhD7CTZES3KXFnwm0 Gretchen's book BECAUSE INTERNET, all about the evolution of internet language, is available: 🇺🇸 US: https://amzn.to/30tLpjT 🇨🇦 CA: https://amzn.to/2JsTYWH 🇬🇧 UK: https://amzn.to/31K8eRD (Those are affiliate links that give a commission to me or Gretchen, depending on country!) Graphics by William Marler: https://wmad.co.uk Audio mix by Graham Haerther and Manuel Simon at Standard Studios: https://haerther.net REFERENCES: Levinson, S.C. (2012). Forward. In Whorf, B. L. Language, Thought, and Reality: Selected Writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf (J. B. Carroll, S. C. Levinson, & P. Lee, Eds.). (2nd ed.) The MIT Press. Chiang, T. (2016). Story Of Your Life. In Stories of your life and others. essay, New York: Vintage Books. Parry, A. (1969). There Is No Russian Word for Privacy. The Georgia Review, 23(2), 196–205. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41396556 Groskop, V. (2017). Personal distance: Why russian life has no room for privacy. The Guardian. Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought?: Mandarin and English speakers’ conceptions of Time. Cognitive Psychology, 43(1), 1–22. doi:10.1006/cogp.2001.0748 Chen J. Y. (2007). Do Chinese and English speakers think about time differently? Failure of replicating Boroditsky (2001). Cognition, 104(2), 427–436. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2006.09.012 Samuel, S., Cole, G., & Eacott, M. J. (2019). Grammatical gender and linguistic relativity: A systematic review. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 26(6), 1767–1786. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-019-01652-3 Haertlé, I. (2017). Does grammatical gender influence perception? A study of Polish and French speakers. Psychology of Language and Communication, 21(1) 386-407. https://doi.org/10.1515/plc-2017-0019 Mickan, A., Schiefke, M. & Stefanowitsch, A. (2014). Key is a llave is a Schlüssel: A failure to replicate an experiment from Boroditsky et al. 2003. Yearbook of the German Cognitive Linguistics Association, 2(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1515/gcla-2014-0004 Deutscher, G. (2010). Through the language glass: Why the world looks different in other languages. Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt and Company J. C. Jackson et al. (2019) Emotion semantics show both cultural variation and universal structure, Science, vol. 366, no. 6472, pp. 1517-1522 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:j3OqAN4ISOw j3OqAN4ISOw UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-10-30T16:00:36+00:00 2024-01-13T09:57:38+00:00 Boarding planes could have been very different There's a world in which everyone boards planes with "mobile lounges", PTVs, or Plane-Mates... but this is not that world. ■ YUL Montreal-Trudeau International Airport: https://www.admtl.com/en ■ AccessAir: https://accessairsystems.com/ Thanks to Eric Forest and the airport team, and to Christian Brice for stepping in for additional camerawork! 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:XQIu5tZ0vbQ XQIu5tZ0vbQ UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-10-23T15:00:24+00:00 2023-12-28T21:49:40+00:00 0-100 in less than a second. And I'm driving. AMZ Racing's "mythen" holds the world record for electric vehicle acceleration: 0-100km/h in 0.956 seconds. And they let me drive it. ■ AMZ: https://www.amzracing.ch/en https://www.instagram.com/amzracing/ ■ Their world record video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=88cVs5zZFTE Main camera op: Juan Pablo Salazar Additional cam op: Tobias Binder Drone camera ops: Felix Kunz, Marco Odermatt 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:CkZyZFa5qO0 CkZyZFa5qO0 UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-10-16T15:00:09+00:00 2023-12-27T13:13:59+00:00 there’dn’t’ve This script was a nightmare to pronounce. • Written with Molly Ruhl and Gretchen McCulloch. Gretchen's podcast has an episode all about this: https://lingthusiasm.com/post/662535562508517376/lingthusiasm-episode-60-thats-the-kind-of • More Language Files: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL96C35uN7xGLDEnHuhD7CTZES3KXFnwm0 Gretchen's book BECAUSE INTERNET, all about the evolution of internet language, is available: 🇺🇸 US: https://amzn.to/30tLpjT 🇨🇦 CA: https://amzn.to/2JsTYWH 🇬🇧 UK: https://amzn.to/31K8eRD (Those are affiliate links that give a commission to me or Gretchen, depending on country!) Graphics by William Marler: https://wmad.co.uk Audio mix by Graham Haerther and Manuel Simon at Standard Studios: https://haerther.net REFERENCES: Zwicky, Arnold M. 1977. On clitics. Bloomington: Indiana University Linguistics Club. Anderson, S. R. 2005. Aspects of the theory of Clitics. New York: Oxford University. Palmer, F., Huddleston, R., & Pullum, G. 2002. Inflectional morphology and related matters. In R. Huddleston & G. Pullum (Authors), The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language (pp. 1565-1620). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781316423530.019 Zwicky, Arnold M. 1994. What is a clitic? In Nevis, Joel A. & Joseph, Brian D. & Wanner, Dieter & Zwicky, Arnold M. (eds.), Clitics: a comprehensive bibliography 1892-1991, xii–xx. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Pullum, G.K., & Zwicky, A.M. 1997. Licensing of prosodic features by syntactic rules: the key to auxiliary reduction. Zwicky, A.M. 1970. Auxiliary Reduction in English. Linguistic Inquiry, 1(3), 323–336. Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2003. ‘Constructions in grammaticalization.’ In Brian D. Joseph & Richard D. Janda (eds.) The Handbook of Historical Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwel 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:ZgDBIzClmPg ZgDBIzClmPg UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-10-09T15:00:33+00:00 2024-01-03T01:08:19+00:00 I finally rode the weird, curved German elevator. At the New Town Hall, the Neues Rathaus, in Hanover, there's a strange elevator where the track curves unevenly. For years, people from Germany have been emailing me about it: well, I finally visited. ■ More about the Hall: https://www.visit-hannover.com/en/Sightseeing-City-Tours/Tourist-Highlights/The-New-Town-Hall Camera: Maximilian Unger Producer: Viktor Sramo at Klein Aber 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:QqRREz0iBes QqRREz0iBes UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-10-02T15:00:29+00:00 2024-02-10T21:43:47+00:00 The largest telescope that will ever be built* The asterisk is important. ■ AD: 👨‍💻 NordVPN's best deal is here: https://nordvpn.com/tomscott - with a 30-day money-back guarantee. ■ More on the ELT: @ESOobservatory https://eso.org The Extremely Large Telescope, in Paranal, Chile, is probably going to be the largest optical telescope that will ever be constructed. I was invited out there by the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council and the European Southern Observatory, and I wasn't going to turn down a chance like that. 📰 DISCLAIMER While the STFC and ESO invited me and arranged the logistics after arrival into the Antofagasta region, I was not paid for this (not even my travel costs) and I have sole editorial control over the video. This is not an advert. 👥 CREDITS Editor: Michelle Martin https://twitter.com/mrsmmartin Script assistant: Laura Conlon Audio mix: Graham Haerther and Manni Simon at Standard Studios Thanks to Alex Fyans, Hannah Conduit, and William Taylor from STFC; to Francisco Rodríguez, Juan Carlos, and Michele Cirasuolo from ESO; and to everyone I met at Paranal! 🖼 IMAGE CREDITS Images and footage from ESO is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ https://www.eso.org/public/outreach/copyright/ First image of an explanet: https://www.eso.org/public/images/26a_big-vlt/ Stars orbiting the supermassive black hole: https://www.eso.org/public/australia/videos/eso1825e/ VLT light path: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/LightPath-VLT2021/ VLTI delay lines: https://www.eso.org/public/videos/esocast13/ ELT render: https://www.eso.org/public/images/elt-fulldome-1_cc/ 📽 PREVIOUS VIDEOS Previously, in Arecibo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3WiRunOsWY and in Parkes: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6o38C-ultvw 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif yt:video:3kwDVw0u4Kw 3kwDVw0u4Kw UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A Tom Scott https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCBa659QWEk1AI4Tg--mrJ2A 2023-09-25T15:00:06+00:00 2023-12-16T02:47:03+00:00 Spherical houses weren't a great idea. The Bolwoningen, in Den Bosch, in the Netherlands, are experimental architecture: the surprising part is that people still live there. Local producer: Jasper Deelen Camera: Jeroen Simons Thanks to @NotJustBikes for the Rotterdam cube house footage A lot of my history research for this video is based on the 2019 book "Experimentele Woningbouw in Nederland 1968-1980: 64 Gerealiseerde Woonbeloften", by Barzilay, Ferwerda and Blom: https://experimentelewoningbouw.nl/ 🟥 MORE FROM TOM: https://www.tomscott.com/ (you can find contact details and social links there too) 📰 WEEKLY NEWSLETTER with good stuff from the rest of the internet: https://www.tomscott.com/newsletter/ ❓ LATERAL, free weekly podcast: https://lateralcast.com/ https://youtube.com/lateralcast/ ➕ TOM SCOTT PLUS: https://youtube.com/tomscottplus 👥 THE TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES: https://youtube.com/techdif